refactor: introduce @bitwarden/state and other common libs (#15772)

* refactor: introduce @bitwarden/serialization

* refactor: introduce @bitwarden/guid

* refactor: introduce @bitwaren/client-type

* refactor: introduce @bitwarden/core-test-utils

* refactor: introduce @bitwarden/state and @bitwarden/state-test-utils

Creates initial project structure for centralized application state management. Part of modularization effort to extract state code from common.

* Added state provider documentation to README.

* Changed callouts to Github format.

* Fixed linting on file name.

* Forced git to accept rename

---------

Co-authored-by: Todd Martin <tmartin@bitwarden.com>

libs/state/src/core/derived-state.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+import { Observable } from "rxjs";
+
+export type StateConverter<TFrom extends Array<unknown>, TTo> = (...args: TFrom) => TTo;
+
+/**
+ * State derived from an observable and a converter function
+ *
+ * Derived state is cached and persisted to memory for sychronization across execution contexts.
+ * For clients with multiple execution contexts, the derived state will be executed only once in the background process.
+ */
+export interface DerivedState<T> {
+  /**
+   * The derived state observable
+   */
+  state$: Observable<T>;
+  /**
+   * Forces the derived state to a given value.
+   *
+   * Useful for setting an in-memory value as a side effect of some event, such as emptying state as a result of a lock.
+   * @param value The value to force the derived state to
+   */
+  forceValue(value: T): Promise<T>;
+}