diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/duo-factor.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/duo-factor.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aa65583935e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/duo-factor.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export enum DuoFactor {
+  Push,
+  Call,
+  Passcode,
+  SendPasscodesBySms,
+}
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/duo-status.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/duo-status.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6397db5dc91
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/duo-status.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export enum DuoStatus {
+  Success,
+  Error,
+  Info,
+}
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/idp-provider.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/idp-provider.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..32e74c36ee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/idp-provider.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+export enum IdpProvider {
+  Azure = 0,
+  OktaAuthServer = 1,
+  OktaNoAuthServer = 2,
+  Google = 3,
+  PingOne = 4,
+  OneLogin = 5,
+}
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/index.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0059030e0aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+export { DuoFactor } from "./duo-factor";
+export { DuoStatus } from "./duo-status";
+export { IdpProvider } from "./idp-provider";
+export { LastpassLoginType } from "./lastpass-login-type";
+export { OtpMethod } from "./otp-method";
+export { Platform } from "./platform";
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/lastpass-login-type.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/lastpass-login-type.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..611dd0b6dab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/lastpass-login-type.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export enum LastpassLoginType {
+  MasterPassword = 0,
+  // Not sure what Types 1 and 2 are?
+  Federated = 3,
+}
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/otp-method.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/otp-method.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/otp-method.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/otp-method.ts
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/platform.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/platform.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/platform.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/enums/platform.ts
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/index.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a124a44b315
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export { Vault } from "./vault";
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/account.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/account.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/account.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/account.ts
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/chunk.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/chunk.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/chunk.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/chunk.ts
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/client-info.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/client-info.ts
similarity index 69%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/client-info.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/client-info.ts
index fbe13d57d65..275cdc00d3f 100644
--- a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/client-info.ts
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/client-info.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Platform } from "./platform";
+import { Platform } from "../enums";
 
 export class ClientInfo {
   platform: Platform;
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/federated-user-context.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/federated-user-context.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/federated-user-context.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/federated-user-context.ts
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/index.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a0c6121a354
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+export { Account } from "./account";
+export { Chunk } from "./chunk";
+export { ClientInfo } from "./client-info";
+export { FederatedUserContext } from "./federated-user-context";
+export { OobResult } from "./oob-result";
+export { OtpResult } from "./otp-result";
+export { ParserOptions } from "./parser-options";
+export { Session } from "./session";
+export { SharedFolder } from "./shared-folder";
+export { UserTypeContext } from "./user-type-context";
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/oob-result.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/oob-result.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/oob-result.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/oob-result.ts
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/otp-result.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/otp-result.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/otp-result.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/otp-result.ts
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/parser-options.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/parser-options.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/parser-options.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/parser-options.ts
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/session.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/session.ts
similarity index 78%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/session.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/session.ts
index 4c712872632..f691968a7a7 100644
--- a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/session.ts
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/session.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { Platform } from "./platform";
+import { Platform } from "../enums";
 
 export class Session {
   id: string;
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/shared-folder.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/shared-folder.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/shared-folder.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/shared-folder.ts
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/user-type-context.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/user-type-context.ts
similarity index 63%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/user-type-context.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/user-type-context.ts
index f2629d59516..9d849281c2d 100644
--- a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/user-type-context.ts
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/models/user-type-context.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,19 @@
+import { IdpProvider, LastpassLoginType } from "../enums";
+
 export class UserTypeContext {
-  type: Type;
+  type: LastpassLoginType;
   IdentityProviderGUID: string;
   IdentityProviderURL: string;
   OpenIDConnectAuthority: string;
   OpenIDConnectClientId: string;
   CompanyId: number;
-  Provider: Provider;
+  Provider: IdpProvider;
   PkceEnabled: boolean;
   IsPasswordlessEnabled: boolean;
 
   isFederated(): boolean {
     return (
-      this.type === Type.Federated &&
+      this.type === LastpassLoginType.Federated &&
       this.hasValue(this.IdentityProviderURL) &&
       this.hasValue(this.OpenIDConnectAuthority) &&
       this.hasValue(this.OpenIDConnectClientId)
@@ -22,18 +24,3 @@ export class UserTypeContext {
     return str != null && str.trim() !== "";
   }
 }
-
-export enum Provider {
-  Azure = 0,
-  OktaAuthServer = 1,
-  OktaNoAuthServer = 2,
-  Google = 3,
-  PingOne = 4,
-  OneLogin = 5,
-}
-
-export enum Type {
-  MasterPassword = 0,
-  // Not sure what Types 1 and 2 are?
-  Federated = 3,
-}
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/binary-reader.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/binary-reader.ts
similarity index 91%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/binary-reader.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/binary-reader.ts
index 706afbd9e9b..e7a434e957f 100644
--- a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/binary-reader.ts
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/binary-reader.ts
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ export class BinaryReader {
 
   readBytes(count: number): Uint8Array {
     if (this.position + count > this.arr.length) {
-      throw "End of array reached";
+      throw new Error("End of array reached");
     }
     const slice = this.arr.subarray(this.position, this.position + count);
     this.position += count;
@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ export class BinaryReader {
   seekFromCurrentPosition(offset: number) {
     const newPosition = this.position + offset;
     if (newPosition < 0) {
-      throw "Position cannot be negative";
+      throw new Error("Position cannot be negative");
     }
     if (newPosition > this.arr.length) {
-      throw "Array not large enough to seek to this position";
+      throw new Error("Array not large enough to seek to this position");
     }
     this.position = newPosition;
   }
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/client.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/client.ts
similarity index 94%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/client.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/client.ts
index 0a3c8fefe52..2d8b503f01d 100644
--- a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/client.ts
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/client.ts
@@ -1,21 +1,23 @@
 import { HttpStatusCode } from "@bitwarden/common/enums";
 import { Utils } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/misc/utils";
 
-import { Account } from "./account";
+import { OtpMethod, Platform } from "../enums";
+import {
+  Account,
+  Chunk,
+  ClientInfo,
+  OobResult,
+  OtpResult,
+  ParserOptions,
+  Session,
+  SharedFolder,
+} from "../models";
+import { Ui } from "../ui";
+
 import { BinaryReader } from "./binary-reader";
-import { Chunk } from "./chunk";
-import { ClientInfo } from "./client-info";
 import { CryptoUtils } from "./crypto-utils";
-import { OobResult } from "./oob-result";
-import { OtpMethod } from "./otp-method";
-import { OtpResult } from "./otp-result";
 import { Parser } from "./parser";
-import { ParserOptions } from "./parser-options";
-import { Platform } from "./platform";
 import { RestClient } from "./rest-client";
-import { Session } from "./session";
-import { SharedFolder } from "./shared-folder";
-import { Ui } from "./ui";
 
 const PlatformToUserAgent = new Map<Platform, string>([
   [Platform.Desktop, "cli"],
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ export class Client {
     const reader = new BinaryReader(blob);
     const chunks = this.parser.extractChunks(reader);
     if (!this.isComplete(chunks)) {
-      throw "Blob is truncated or corrupted";
+      throw new Error("Blob is truncated or corrupted");
     }
     return await this.parseAccounts(chunks, encryptionKey, privateKey, options);
   }
@@ -236,11 +238,11 @@ export class Client {
         passcode = ui.provideYubikeyPasscode();
         break;
       default:
-        throw "Invalid OTP method";
+        throw new Error("Invalid OTP method");
     }
 
     if (passcode == OtpResult.cancel) {
-      throw "Second factor step is canceled by the user";
+      throw new Error("Second factor step is canceled by the user");
     }
 
     const response = await this.performSingleLoginRequest(
@@ -273,7 +275,7 @@ export class Client {
   ): Promise<Session> {
     const answer = this.approveOob(username, parameters, ui, rest);
     if (answer == OobResult.cancel) {
-      throw "Out of band step is canceled by the user";
+      throw new Error("Out of band step is canceled by the user");
     }
 
     const extraParameters = new Map<string, any>();
@@ -319,7 +321,7 @@ export class Client {
   private approveOob(username: string, parameters: Map<string, string>, ui: Ui, rest: RestClient) {
     const method = parameters.get("outofbandtype");
     if (method == null) {
-      throw "Out of band method is not specified";
+      throw new Error("Out of band method is not specified");
     }
     switch (method) {
       case "lastpassauth":
@@ -329,7 +331,7 @@ export class Client {
       case "salesforcehash":
         return ui.approveSalesforceAuth();
       default:
-        throw "Out of band method " + method + " is not supported";
+        throw new Error("Out of band method " + method + " is not supported");
     }
   }
 
@@ -410,7 +412,7 @@ export class Client {
     if (attr != null) {
       return attr;
     }
-    throw "Unknown response schema: attribute " + name + " is missing";
+    throw new Error("Unknown response schema: attribute " + name + " is missing");
   }
 
   private getOptionalErrorAttribute(response: Document, name: string): string {
@@ -505,7 +507,9 @@ export class Client {
 
   private makeError(response: Response) {
     // TODO: error parsing
-    throw "HTTP request to " + response.url + " failed with status " + response.status + ".";
+    throw new Error(
+      "HTTP request to " + response.url + " failed with status " + response.status + "."
+    );
   }
 
   private makeLoginError(response: Document): string {
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/crypto-utils.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/crypto-utils.ts
similarity index 96%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/crypto-utils.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/crypto-utils.ts
index c8d9f8a168b..4de046f2aa3 100644
--- a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/crypto-utils.ts
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/crypto-utils.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ export class CryptoUtils {
 
   async deriveKey(username: string, password: string, iterationCount: number) {
     if (iterationCount < 0) {
-      throw "Iteration count should be positive";
+      throw new Error("Iteration count should be positive");
     }
     if (iterationCount == 1) {
       return await this.cryptoFunctionService.hash(username + password, "sha256");
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ export class CryptoUtils {
 
   ExclusiveOr(arr1: Uint8Array, arr2: Uint8Array) {
     if (arr1.length !== arr2.length) {
-      throw "Arrays must be the same length.";
+      throw new Error("Arrays must be the same length.");
     }
     const result = new Uint8Array(arr1.length);
     for (let i = 0; i < arr1.length; i++) {
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/index.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2610efdb694
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+export { BinaryReader } from "./binary-reader";
+export { Client } from "./client";
+export { CryptoUtils } from "./crypto-utils";
+export { Parser } from "./parser";
+export { RestClient } from "./rest-client";
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/parser.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/parser.ts
similarity index 97%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/parser.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/parser.ts
index fc4b3b4a49a..3d64490be12 100644
--- a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/parser.ts
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/parser.ts
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 import { CryptoFunctionService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto-function.service";
 import { Utils } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/misc/utils";
 
-import { Account } from "./account";
+import { Account, Chunk, ParserOptions, SharedFolder } from "../models";
+
 import { BinaryReader } from "./binary-reader";
-import { Chunk } from "./chunk";
 import { CryptoUtils } from "./crypto-utils";
-import { ParserOptions } from "./parser-options";
-import { SharedFolder } from "./shared-folder";
 
 const AllowedSecureNoteTypes = new Set<string>([
   "Server",
@@ -285,7 +283,7 @@ export class Parser {
     const header = "LastPassPrivateKey<";
     const footer = ">LastPassPrivateKey";
     if (!decrypted.startsWith(header) || !decrypted.endsWith(footer)) {
-      throw "Failed to decrypt private key";
+      throw new Error("Failed to decrypt private key");
     }
 
     const parsedKey = decrypted.substring(header.length, decrypted.length - footer.length);
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/rest-client.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/rest-client.ts
similarity index 100%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/rest-client.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/services/rest-client.ts
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/duo-ui.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui/duo-ui.ts
similarity index 81%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/duo-ui.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui/duo-ui.ts
index 61b52d2582a..60afd0ad9df 100644
--- a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/duo-ui.ts
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui/duo-ui.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import { DuoFactor, DuoStatus } from "../enums";
+
 // Adds Duo functionality to the module-specific Ui class.
 export abstract class DuoUi {
   // To cancel return null
@@ -8,19 +10,6 @@ export abstract class DuoUi {
   updateDuoStatus: (status: DuoStatus, text: string) => void;
 }
 
-export enum DuoFactor {
-  Push,
-  Call,
-  Passcode,
-  SendPasscodesBySms,
-}
-
-export enum DuoStatus {
-  Success,
-  Error,
-  Info,
-}
-
 export interface DuoChoice {
   device: DuoDevice;
   factor: DuoFactor;
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui/index.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e4edc3b6b48
--- /dev/null
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+export { DuoUi, DuoChoice, DuoDevice } from "./duo-ui";
+export { Ui } from "./ui";
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui/ui.ts
similarity index 93%
rename from libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui.ts
rename to libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui/ui.ts
index fad86596187..2338e8a291e 100644
--- a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui.ts
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/ui/ui.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
+import { OobResult, OtpResult } from "../models";
+
 import { DuoUi } from "./duo-ui";
-import { OobResult } from "./oob-result";
-import { OtpResult } from "./otp-result";
 
 export abstract class Ui extends DuoUi {
   // To cancel return OtpResult.Cancel, otherwise only valid data is expected.
diff --git a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/vault.ts b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/vault.ts
index 157965804c2..a461239eea8 100644
--- a/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/vault.ts
+++ b/libs/importer/src/importers/lastpass/access/vault.ts
@@ -3,16 +3,16 @@ import { HttpStatusCode } from "@bitwarden/common/enums";
 import { CryptoFunctionService } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/abstractions/crypto-function.service";
 import { Utils } from "@bitwarden/common/platform/misc/utils";
 
-import { Account } from "./account";
-import { Client } from "./client";
-import { ClientInfo } from "./client-info";
-import { CryptoUtils } from "./crypto-utils";
-import { FederatedUserContext } from "./federated-user-context";
-import { Parser } from "./parser";
-import { ParserOptions } from "./parser-options";
-import { RestClient } from "./rest-client";
+import { IdpProvider } from "./enums";
+import {
+  Account,
+  ClientInfo,
+  FederatedUserContext,
+  ParserOptions,
+  UserTypeContext,
+} from "./models";
+import { Client, CryptoUtils, Parser, RestClient } from "./services";
 import { Ui } from "./ui";
-import { Provider, UserTypeContext } from "./user-type-context";
 
 export class Vault {
   accounts: Account[];
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export class Vault {
     parserOptions: ParserOptions = ParserOptions.default
   ): Promise<void> {
     if (federatedUser == null) {
-      throw "Federated user context is not set.";
+      throw new Error("Federated user context is not set.");
     }
     const k1 = await this.getK1(federatedUser);
     const k2 = await this.getK2(federatedUser);
@@ -77,32 +77,33 @@ export class Vault {
       this.userType.PkceEnabled = json.PkceEnabled;
       this.userType.Provider = json.Provider;
       this.userType.type = json.type;
+      return;
     }
-    throw "Cannot determine LastPass user type.";
+    throw new Error("Cannot determine LastPass user type.");
   }
 
   private async getK1(federatedUser: FederatedUserContext): Promise<Uint8Array> {
     if (this.userType == null) {
-      throw "User type is not set.";
+      throw new Error("User type is not set.");
     }
 
     if (!this.userType.isFederated()) {
-      throw "Cannot get k1 for LastPass user that is not federated.";
+      throw new Error("Cannot get k1 for LastPass user that is not federated.");
     }
 
     if (federatedUser == null) {
-      throw "Federated user is not set.";
+      throw new Error("Federated user is not set.");
     }
 
     let k1: Uint8Array = null;
     if (federatedUser.idpUserInfo?.LastPassK1 !== null) {
       return Utils.fromByteStringToArray(federatedUser.idpUserInfo.LastPassK1);
-    } else if (this.userType.Provider === Provider.Azure) {
+    } else if (this.userType.Provider === IdpProvider.Azure) {
       k1 = await this.getK1Azure(federatedUser);
-    } else if (this.userType.Provider === Provider.Google) {
+    } else if (this.userType.Provider === IdpProvider.Google) {
       k1 = await this.getK1Google(federatedUser);
     } else {
-      const b64Encoded = this.userType.Provider === Provider.PingOne;
+      const b64Encoded = this.userType.Provider === IdpProvider.PingOne;
       k1 = this.getK1FromAccessToken(federatedUser, b64Encoded);
     }
 
@@ -110,7 +111,7 @@ export class Vault {
       return k1;
     }
 
-    throw "Cannot get k1.";
+    throw new Error("Cannot get k1.");
   }
 
   private async getK1Azure(federatedUser: FederatedUserContext) {
@@ -175,11 +176,11 @@ export class Vault {
 
   private async getK2(federatedUser: FederatedUserContext): Promise<Uint8Array> {
     if (this.userType == null) {
-      throw "User type is not set.";
+      throw new Error("User type is not set.");
     }
 
     if (!this.userType.isFederated()) {
-      throw "Cannot get k2 for LastPass user that is not federated.";
+      throw new Error("Cannot get k2 for LastPass user that is not federated.");
     }
 
     const rest = new RestClient();
@@ -195,6 +196,6 @@ export class Vault {
         return Utils.fromB64ToArray(k2);
       }
     }
-    throw "Cannot get k2.";
+    throw new Error("Cannot get k2.");
   }
 }