[PM-19585] Use Authorize attributes for simple role authorization (#5555)

- Add Authorize<T> attribute
- Add IOrganizationRequirement and example implementation
- Add OrganizationRequirementHandler
- Add extension methods (replacing ICurrentContext)
- Move custom permissions claim definitions

---
Co-authored-by: Justin Baur <19896123+justindbaur@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: ✨ Audrey ✨ <ajensen@bitwarden.com>

src/Api/AdminConsole/Authorization/HttpContextExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#nullable enable
+
+using Bit.Core.AdminConsole.Enums.Provider;
+using Bit.Core.AdminConsole.Models.Data.Provider;
+using Bit.Core.AdminConsole.Repositories;
+
+namespace Bit.Api.AdminConsole.Authorization;
+
+public static class HttpContextExtensions
+{
+    public const string NoOrgIdError =
+        "A route decorated with with '[Authorize<Requirement>]' must include a route value named 'orgId' either through the [Controller] attribute or through a '[Http*]' attribute.";
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns the result of the callback, caching it in HttpContext.Features for the lifetime of the request.
+    /// Subsequent calls will retrieve the cached value.
+    /// Results are stored by type and therefore must be of a unique type.
+    /// </summary>
+    public static async Task<T> WithFeaturesCacheAsync<T>(this HttpContext httpContext, Func<Task<T>> callback)
+    {
+        var cachedResult = httpContext.Features.Get<T>();
+        if (cachedResult != null)
+        {
+            return cachedResult;
+        }
+
+        var result = await callback();
+        httpContext.Features.Set(result);
+
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns true if the user is a ProviderUser for a Provider which manages the specified organization, otherwise false.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// This data is fetched from the database and cached as a HttpContext Feature for the lifetime of the request.
+    /// </remarks>
+    public static async Task<bool> IsProviderUserForOrgAsync(
+        this HttpContext httpContext,
+        IProviderUserRepository providerUserRepository,
+        Guid userId,
+        Guid organizationId)
+    {
+        var organizations = await httpContext.GetProviderUserOrganizationsAsync(providerUserRepository, userId);
+        return organizations.Any(o => o.OrganizationId == organizationId);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Returns the ProviderUserOrganizations for a user. These are the organizations the ProviderUser manages via their Provider, if any.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <remarks>
+    /// This data is fetched from the database and cached as a HttpContext Feature for the lifetime of the request.
+    /// </remarks>
+    private static async Task<IEnumerable<ProviderUserOrganizationDetails>> GetProviderUserOrganizationsAsync(
+        this HttpContext httpContext,
+        IProviderUserRepository providerUserRepository,
+        Guid userId)
+        => await httpContext.WithFeaturesCacheAsync(() =>
+            providerUserRepository.GetManyOrganizationDetailsByUserAsync(userId, ProviderUserStatusType.Confirmed));
+
+
+    /// <summary>
+    /// Parses the {orgId} route parameter into a Guid, or throws if the {orgId} is not present or not a valid guid.
+    /// </summary>
+    /// <param name="httpContext"></param>
+    /// <returns></returns>
+    /// <exception cref="InvalidOperationException"></exception>
+    public static Guid GetOrganizationId(this HttpContext httpContext)
+    {
+        httpContext.GetRouteData().Values.TryGetValue("orgId", out var orgIdParam);
+        if (orgIdParam == null || !Guid.TryParse(orgIdParam.ToString(), out var orgId))
+        {
+            throw new InvalidOperationException(NoOrgIdError);
+        }
+
+        return orgId;
+    }
+}