9.38.6

This adds support for UTF8-encoded characters in the input and the parameters.

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "cyberchef",
-  "version": "9.38.1",
+  "version": "9.38.6",
   "description": "The Cyber Swiss Army Knife for encryption, encoding, compression and data analysis.",
   "author": "n1474335 <n1474335@gmail.com>",
   "homepage": "https://gchq.github.io/CyberChef",
@@ -39,26 +39,27 @@
     "node >= 16"
   ],
   "devDependencies": {
-    "@babel/core": "^7.17.8",
-    "@babel/eslint-parser": "^7.17.0",
-    "@babel/plugin-syntax-import-assertions": "^7.16.7",
-    "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.17.0",
-    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.16.11",
-    "@babel/runtime": "^7.17.8",
-    "autoprefixer": "^10.4.4",
-    "babel-loader": "^8.2.4",
+    "@babel/core": "^7.18.2",
+    "@babel/eslint-parser": "^7.18.2",
+    "@babel/plugin-syntax-import-assertions": "^7.17.12",
+    "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime": "^7.18.2",
+    "@babel/preset-env": "^7.18.2",
+    "@babel/runtime": "^7.18.3",
+    "autoprefixer": "^10.4.7",
+    "babel-loader": "^8.2.5",
     "babel-plugin-dynamic-import-node": "^2.3.3",
+    "babel-plugin-transform-builtin-extend": "1.1.2",
     "chromedriver": "^101.0.0",
-    "cli-progress": "^3.10.0",
+    "cli-progress": "^3.11.1",
     "colors": "^1.4.0",
-    "copy-webpack-plugin": "^10.2.4",
-    "core-js": "^3.21.1",
+    "copy-webpack-plugin": "^11.0.0",
+    "core-js": "^3.22.8",
     "css-loader": "6.7.1",
-    "eslint": "^8.12.0",
-    "grunt": "^1.4.1",
+    "eslint": "^8.16.0",
+    "grunt": "^1.5.3",
     "grunt-chmod": "~1.1.1",
     "grunt-concurrent": "^3.0.0",
-    "grunt-contrib-clean": "~2.0.0",
+    "grunt-contrib-clean": "~2.0.1",
     "grunt-contrib-connect": "^3.0.0",
     "grunt-contrib-copy": "~1.0.0",
     "grunt-contrib-watch": "^1.1.0",
@@ -67,29 +68,28 @@
     "grunt-webpack": "^5.0.0",
     "grunt-zip": "^0.18.2",
     "html-webpack-plugin": "^5.5.0",
-    "imports-loader": "^3.1.1",
+    "imports-loader": "^4.0.0",
     "mini-css-extract-plugin": "2.6.0",
     "modify-source-webpack-plugin": "^3.0.0",
-    "nightwatch": "^2.0.10",
-    "postcss": "^8.4.12",
+    "nightwatch": "^2.1.7",
+    "postcss": "^8.4.14",
     "postcss-css-variables": "^0.18.0",
     "postcss-import": "^14.1.0",
-    "postcss-loader": "^6.2.1",
-    "prompt": "^1.2.2",
-    "sass-loader": "^12.6.0",
+    "postcss-loader": "^7.0.0",
+    "prompt": "^1.3.0",
+    "sass-loader": "^13.0.0",
     "sitemap": "^7.1.1",
-    "terser": "^5.12.1",
-    "webpack": "^5.70.0",
+    "terser": "^5.14.0",
+    "webpack": "^5.73.0",
     "webpack-bundle-analyzer": "^4.5.0",
-    "webpack-dev-server": "4.7.4",
+    "webpack-dev-server": "4.9.1",
     "webpack-node-externals": "^3.0.0",
     "worker-loader": "^3.0.8"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@babel/polyfill": "^7.12.1",
     "arrive": "^2.4.1",
-    "avsc": "^5.7.3",
-    "babel-plugin-transform-builtin-extend": "1.1.2",
+    "avsc": "^5.7.4",
     "bcryptjs": "^2.4.3",
     "bignumber.js": "^9.0.2",
     "blakejs": "^1.2.1",
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@
     "bootstrap-colorpicker": "^3.4.0",
     "bootstrap-material-design": "^4.1.3",
     "browserify-zlib": "^0.2.0",
-    "bson": "^4.6.2",
+    "bson": "^4.6.4",
     "buffer": "^6.0.3",
     "cbor": "8.1.0",
     "chi-squared": "^1.1.0",
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@
     "crypto-browserify": "^3.12.0",
     "crypto-js": "^4.1.1",
     "ctph.js": "0.0.5",
-    "d3": "7.3.0",
+    "d3": "7.4.4",
     "d3-hexbin": "^0.2.2",
-    "diff": "^5.0.0",
+    "diff": "^5.1.0",
     "es6-promisify": "^7.0.0",
     "escodegen": "^2.0.0",
     "esprima": "^4.0.1",
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@
     "file-saver": "^2.0.5",
     "flat": "^5.0.2",
     "geodesy": "1.1.3",
-    "highlight.js": "^11.5.0",
+    "highlight.js": "^11.5.1",
     "jimp": "^0.16.1",
     "jquery": "3.6.0",
     "js-crc": "^0.2.0",
@@ -125,28 +125,28 @@
     "jsonpath": "^1.1.1",
     "jsonwebtoken": "^8.5.1",
     "jsqr": "^1.4.0",
-    "jsrsasign": "^10.5.14",
+    "jsrsasign": "^10.5.23",
     "kbpgp": "2.1.15",
     "libbzip2-wasm": "0.0.4",
     "libyara-wasm": "^1.1.0",
     "lodash": "^4.17.21",
     "loglevel": "^1.8.0",
     "loglevel-message-prefix": "^3.0.0",
-    "markdown-it": "^12.3.2",
-    "moment": "^2.29.1",
+    "markdown-it": "^13.0.1",
+    "moment": "^2.29.3",
     "moment-timezone": "^0.5.34",
     "ngeohash": "^0.6.3",
-    "node-forge": "^1.3.0",
+    "node-forge": "^1.3.1",
     "node-md6": "^0.1.0",
     "node-sass": "^7.0.1",
     "nodom": "^2.4.0",
-    "notepack.io": "^2.3.0",
+    "notepack.io": "^3.0.1",
     "nwmatcher": "^1.4.4",
     "otp": "0.1.3",
     "path": "^0.12.7",
     "popper.js": "^1.16.1",
     "process": "^0.11.10",
-    "protobufjs": "^6.11.2",
+    "protobufjs": "^6.11.3",
     "qr-image": "^3.2.0",
     "scryptsy": "^2.1.0",
     "snackbarjs": "^1.1.0",

src/core/lib/Base64.mjs

@@ -82,15 +82,46 @@ export function toBase64(data, alphabet="A-Za-z0-9+/=") {
  * // returns [72, 101, 108, 108, 111]
  * fromBase64("SGVsbG8=", null, "byteArray");
  */
-export function fromBase64(data, alphabet="A-Za-z0-9+/=", returnType="string", removeNonAlphChars=true) {
+export function fromBase64(data, alphabet="A-Za-z0-9+/=", returnType="string", removeNonAlphChars=true, strictMode=false) {
     if (!data) {
         return returnType === "string" ? "" : [];
     }
 
     alphabet = alphabet || "A-Za-z0-9+/=";
     alphabet = Utils.expandAlphRange(alphabet).join("");
+
+    // Confirm alphabet is a valid length
     if (alphabet.length !== 64 && alphabet.length !== 65) { // Allow for padding
-        throw new OperationError(`Invalid Base64 alphabet length (${alphabet.length}): ${alphabet}`);
+        throw new OperationError(`Error: Base64 alphabet should be 64 characters long, or 65 with a padding character. Found ${alphabet.length}: ${alphabet}`);
+    }
+
+    // Remove non-alphabet characters
+    if (removeNonAlphChars) {
+        const re = new RegExp("[^" + alphabet.replace(/[[\]\\\-^$]/g, "\\$&") + "]", "g");
+        data = data.replace(re, "");
+    }
+
+    if (strictMode) {
+        // Check for incorrect lengths (even without padding)
+        if (data.length % 4 === 1) {
+            throw new OperationError(`Error: Invalid Base64 input length (${data.length}). Cannot be 4n+1, even without padding chars.`);
+        }
+
+        if (alphabet.length === 65) { // Padding character included
+            const pad = alphabet.charAt(64);
+            const padPos = data.indexOf(pad);
+            if (padPos >= 0) {
+                // Check that the padding character is only used at the end and maximum of twice
+                if (padPos < data.length - 2 || data.charAt(data.length - 1) !== pad) {
+                    throw new OperationError(`Error: Base64 padding character (${pad}) not used in the correct place.`);
+                }
+
+                // Check that input is padded to the correct length
+                if (data.length % 4 !== 0) {
+                    throw new OperationError("Error: Base64 not padded to a multiple of 4.");
+                }
+            }
+        }
     }
 
     const output = [];
@@ -98,31 +129,27 @@ export function fromBase64(data, alphabet="A-Za-z0-9+/=", returnType="string", r
         enc1, enc2, enc3, enc4,
         i = 0;
 
-    if (removeNonAlphChars) {
-        const re = new RegExp("[^" + alphabet.replace(/[[\]\\\-^$]/g, "\\$&") + "]", "g");
-        data = data.replace(re, "");
-    }
-
     while (i < data.length) {
         enc1 = alphabet.indexOf(data.charAt(i++));
-        enc2 = alphabet.indexOf(data.charAt(i++) || "=");
-        enc3 = alphabet.indexOf(data.charAt(i++) || "=");
-        enc4 = alphabet.indexOf(data.charAt(i++) || "=");
+        enc2 = alphabet.indexOf(data.charAt(i++));
+        enc3 = alphabet.indexOf(data.charAt(i++));
+        enc4 = alphabet.indexOf(data.charAt(i++));
 
-        enc2 = enc2 === -1 ? 64 : enc2;
-        enc3 = enc3 === -1 ? 64 : enc3;
-        enc4 = enc4 === -1 ? 64 : enc4;
+        if (strictMode && (enc1 < 0 || enc2 < 0 || enc3 < 0 || enc4 < 0)) {
+            throw new OperationError("Error: Base64 input contains non-alphabet char(s)");
+        }
 
         chr1 = (enc1 << 2) | (enc2 >> 4);
         chr2 = ((enc2 & 15) << 4) | (enc3 >> 2);
         chr3 = ((enc3 & 3) << 6) | enc4;
 
-        output.push(chr1);
-
-        if (enc3 !== 64) {
+        if (chr1 < 256) {
+            output.push(chr1);
+        }
+        if (chr2 < 256 && enc3 !== 64) {
             output.push(chr2);
         }
-        if (enc4 !== 64) {
+        if (chr3 < 256 && enc4 !== 64) {
             output.push(chr3);
         }
     }

src/core/lib/Binary.mjs

@@ -19,31 +19,33 @@ import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
  * @returns {string}
  *
  * @example
- * // returns "00010000 00100000 00110000"
+ * // returns "00001010 00010100 00011110"
  * toBinary([10,20,30]);
  *
- * // returns "00010000 00100000 00110000"
- * toBinary([10,20,30], ":");
+ * // returns "00001010:00010100:00011110"
+ * toBinary([10,20,30], "Colon");
+ *
+ * // returns "1010:10100:11110"
+ * toBinary([10,20,30], "Colon", 0);
  */
 export function toBinary(data, delim="Space", padding=8) {
+    if (data === undefined || data === null)
+        throw new OperationError("Unable to convert to binary: Empty input data enocuntered");
+
     delim = Utils.charRep(delim);
     let output = "";
 
     if (data.length) { // array
         for (let i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
-            output += data[i].toString(2).padStart(padding, "0") + delim;
+            output += data[i].toString(2).padStart(padding, "0");
+            if (i !== data.length - 1) output += delim;
         }
     } else if (typeof data === "number") { // Single value
         return data.toString(2).padStart(padding, "0");
     } else {
         return "";
     }
-
-    if (delim.length) {
-        return output.slice(0, -delim.length);
-    } else {
-        return output;
-    }
+    return output;
 }
 
 
@@ -57,10 +59,10 @@ export function toBinary(data, delim="Space", padding=8) {
  *
  * @example
  * // returns [10,20,30]
- * fromBinary("00010000 00100000 00110000");
+ * fromBinary("00001010 00010100 00011110");
  *
  * // returns [10,20,30]
- * fromBinary("00010000:00100000:00110000", "Colon");
+ * fromBinary("00001010:00010100:00011110", "Colon");
  */
 export function fromBinary(data, delim="Space", byteLen=8) {
     if (byteLen < 1 || Math.round(byteLen) !== byteLen)

src/core/operations/FromBase64.mjs

@@ -34,93 +34,98 @@ class FromBase64 extends Operation {
                 name: "Remove non-alphabet chars",
                 type: "boolean",
                 value: true
+            },
+            {
+                name: "Strict mode",
+                type: "boolean",
+                value: false
             }
         ];
         this.checks = [
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*(?:[A-Z\\d+/]{4})+(?:[A-Z\\d+/]{2}==|[A-Z\\d+/]{3}=)?\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["A-Za-z0-9+/=", true]
+                args: ["A-Za-z0-9+/=", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*[A-Z\\d\\-_]{20,}\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["A-Za-z0-9-_", true]
+                args: ["A-Za-z0-9-_", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*(?:[A-Z\\d+\\-]{4}){5,}(?:[A-Z\\d+\\-]{2}==|[A-Z\\d+\\-]{3}=)?\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["A-Za-z0-9+\\-=", true]
+                args: ["A-Za-z0-9+\\-=", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*(?:[A-Z\\d./]{4}){5,}(?:[A-Z\\d./]{2}==|[A-Z\\d./]{3}=)?\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["./0-9A-Za-z=", true]
+                args: ["./0-9A-Za-z=", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*[A-Z\\d_.]{20,}\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["A-Za-z0-9_.", true]
+                args: ["A-Za-z0-9_.", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*(?:[A-Z\\d._]{4}){5,}(?:[A-Z\\d._]{2}--|[A-Z\\d._]{3}-)?\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["A-Za-z0-9._-", true]
+                args: ["A-Za-z0-9._-", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*(?:[A-Z\\d+/]{4}){5,}(?:[A-Z\\d+/]{2}==|[A-Z\\d+/]{3}=)?\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["0-9a-zA-Z+/=", true]
+                args: ["0-9a-zA-Z+/=", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*(?:[A-Z\\d+/]{4}){5,}(?:[A-Z\\d+/]{2}==|[A-Z\\d+/]{3}=)?\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["0-9A-Za-z+/=", true]
+                args: ["0-9A-Za-z+/=", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^[ !\"#$%&'()*+,\\-./\\d:;<=>?@A-Z[\\\\\\]^_]{20,}$",
                 flags: "",
-                args: [" -_", false]
+                args: [" -_", false, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*[A-Z\\d+\\-]{20,}\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["+\\-0-9A-Za-z", true]
+                args: ["+\\-0-9A-Za-z", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*[!\"#$%&'()*+,\\-0-689@A-NP-VX-Z[`a-fh-mp-r]{20,}\\s*$",
                 flags: "",
-                args: ["!-,-0-689@A-NP-VX-Z[`a-fh-mp-r", true]
+                args: ["!-,-0-689@A-NP-VX-Z[`a-fh-mp-r", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*(?:[N-ZA-M\\d+/]{4}){5,}(?:[N-ZA-M\\d+/]{2}==|[N-ZA-M\\d+/]{3}=)?\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["N-ZA-Mn-za-m0-9+/=", true]
+                args: ["N-ZA-Mn-za-m0-9+/=", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*[A-Z\\d./]{20,}\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["./0-9A-Za-z", true]
+                args: ["./0-9A-Za-z", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*(?:[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{4}){5,}(?:[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{2}CC|[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{3}C)?\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["/128GhIoPQROSTeUbADfgHijKLM+n0pFWXY456xyzB7=39VaqrstJklmNuZvwcdEC", true]
+                args: ["/128GhIoPQROSTeUbADfgHijKLM+n0pFWXY456xyzB7=39VaqrstJklmNuZvwcdEC", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*(?:[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{4}){5,}(?:[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{2}55|[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{3}5)?\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["3GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUb=cdefghijklmnopWXYZ/12+406789VaqrstuvwxyzABCDEF5", true]
+                args: ["3GHIJKLMNOPQRSTUb=cdefghijklmnopWXYZ/12+406789VaqrstuvwxyzABCDEF5", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*(?:[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{4}){5,}(?:[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{2}22|[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{3}2)?\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["ZKj9n+yf0wDVX1s/5YbdxSo=ILaUpPBCHg8uvNO4klm6iJGhQ7eFrWczAMEq3RTt2", true]
+                args: ["ZKj9n+yf0wDVX1s/5YbdxSo=ILaUpPBCHg8uvNO4klm6iJGhQ7eFrWczAMEq3RTt2", true, false]
             },
             {
                 pattern: "^\\s*(?:[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{4}){5,}(?:[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{2}55|[A-Z=\\d\\+/]{3}5)?\\s*$",
                 flags: "i",
-                args: ["HNO4klm6ij9n+J2hyf0gzA8uvwDEq3X1Q7ZKeFrWcVTts/MRGYbdxSo=ILaUpPBC5", true]
+                args: ["HNO4klm6ij9n+J2hyf0gzA8uvwDEq3X1Q7ZKeFrWcVTts/MRGYbdxSo=ILaUpPBC5", true, false]
             }
         ];
     }
@@ -131,9 +136,9 @@ class FromBase64 extends Operation {
      * @returns {byteArray}
      */
     run(input, args) {
-        const [alphabet, removeNonAlphChars] = args;
+        const [alphabet, removeNonAlphChars, strictMode] = args;
 
-        return fromBase64(input, alphabet, "byteArray", removeNonAlphChars);
+        return fromBase64(input, alphabet, "byteArray", removeNonAlphChars, strictMode);
     }
 
     /**

src/core/operations/PEMToHex.mjs

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 /**
  * @author n1474335 [n1474335@gmail.com]
+ * @author cplussharp
  * @copyright Crown Copyright 2016
  * @license Apache-2.0
  */
 
-import r from "jsrsasign";
+import { fromBase64 } from "../lib/Base64.mjs";
+import { toHexFast } from "../lib/Hex.mjs";
 import Operation from "../Operation.mjs";
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
 
 /**
  * PEM to Hex operation
@@ -19,12 +22,18 @@ class PEMToHex extends Operation {
         super();
 
         this.name = "PEM to Hex";
-        this.module = "PublicKey";
+        this.module = "Default";
         this.description = "Converts PEM (Privacy Enhanced Mail) format to a hexadecimal DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules) string.";
-        this.infoURL = "https://wikipedia.org/wiki/X.690#DER_encoding";
+        this.infoURL = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy-Enhanced_Mail#Format";
         this.inputType = "string";
         this.outputType = "string";
         this.args = [];
+        this.checks = [
+            {
+                "pattern": "----BEGIN ([A-Z][A-Z ]+[A-Z])-----",
+                "args": []
+            }
+        ];
     }
 
     /**
@@ -33,17 +42,25 @@ class PEMToHex extends Operation {
      * @returns {string}
      */
     run(input, args) {
-        if (input.indexOf("-----BEGIN") < 0) {
-            // Add header so that the KEYUTIL function works
-            input = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----" + input;
+        const output = [];
+        let match;
+        const regex = /-----BEGIN ([A-Z][A-Z ]+[A-Z])-----/g;
+        while ((match = regex.exec(input)) !== null) {
+            // find corresponding end tag
+            const indexBase64 = match.index + match[0].length;
+            const footer = `-----END ${match[1]}-----`;
+            const indexFooter = input.indexOf(footer, indexBase64);
+            if (indexFooter === -1) {
+                throw new OperationError(`PEM footer '${footer}' not found`);
+            }
+
+            // decode base64 content
+            const base64 = input.substring(indexBase64, indexFooter);
+            const bytes = fromBase64(base64, "A-Za-z0-9+/=", "byteArray", true);
+            const hex = toHexFast(bytes);
+            output.push(hex);
         }
-        if (input.indexOf("-----END") < 0) {
-            // Add footer so that the KEYUTIL function works
-            input = input + "-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
-        }
-        const cert = new r.X509();
-        cert.readCertPEM(input);
-        return cert.hex;
+        return output.join("\n");
     }
 
 }

src/core/operations/Substitute.mjs

@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ class Substitute extends Operation {
      * @returns {string}
      */
     run(input, args) {
-        const plaintext = Utils.expandAlphRange(args[0]).join(""),
-            ciphertext = Utils.expandAlphRange(args[1]).join("");
+        const plaintext = Utils.expandAlphRange([...args[0]]),
+            ciphertext = Utils.expandAlphRange([...args[1]]);
         let output = "",
             index = -1;
 
@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ class Substitute extends Operation {
             output = "Warning: Plaintext and Ciphertext lengths differ\n\n";
         }
 
-        for (let i = 0; i < input.length; i++) {
-            index = plaintext.indexOf(input[i]);
-            output += index > -1 && index < ciphertext.length ? ciphertext[index] : input[i];
+        for (const character of input) {
+            index = plaintext.indexOf(character);
+            output += index > -1 && index < ciphertext.length ? ciphertext[index] : character;
         }
 
         return output;

src/core/operations/ToUpperCase.mjs

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 import Operation from "../Operation.mjs";
+import OperationError from "../errors/OperationError.mjs";
 
 /**
  * To Upper case operation
@@ -37,25 +38,30 @@ class ToUpperCase extends Operation {
      * @returns {string}
      */
     run(input, args) {
+        if (!args || args.length === 0) {
+            throw new OperationError("No capitalization scope was provided.");
+        }
+
         const scope = args[0];
 
-        switch (scope) {
-            case "Word":
-                return input.replace(/(\b\w)/gi, function(m) {
-                    return m.toUpperCase();
-                });
-            case "Sentence":
-                return input.replace(/(?:\.|^)\s*(\b\w)/gi, function(m) {
-                    return m.toUpperCase();
-                });
-            case "Paragraph":
-                return input.replace(/(?:\n|^)\s*(\b\w)/gi, function(m) {
-                    return m.toUpperCase();
-                });
-            case "All": /* falls through */
-            default:
-                return input.toUpperCase();
+        if (scope === "All") {
+            return input.toUpperCase();
         }
+
+        const scopeRegex = {
+            "Word": /(\b\w)/gi,
+            "Sentence": /(?:\.|^)\s*(\b\w)/gi,
+            "Paragraph": /(?:\n|^)\s*(\b\w)/gi
+        }[scope];
+
+        if (scopeRegex === undefined) {
+            throw new OperationError("Unrecognized capitalization scope");
+        }
+
+        // Use the regex to capitalize the input
+        return input.replace(scopeRegex, function(m) {
+            return m.toUpperCase();
+        });
     }
 
     /**

tests/operations/index.mjs

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ import "./tests/PGP.mjs";
 import "./tests/PHP.mjs";
 import "./tests/ParseIPRange.mjs";
 import "./tests/ParseQRCode.mjs";
+import "./tests/PEMtoHex.mjs";
 import "./tests/PowerSet.mjs";
 import "./tests/Regex.mjs";
 import "./tests/Register.mjs";

tests/operations/tests/Magic.mjs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ TestRegister.addTests([
     {
         name: "Magic Chain: Base64",
         input: "WkVkV2VtUkRRbnBrU0Vwd1ltMWpQUT09",
-        expectedMatch: /From_Base64\('A-Za-z0-9\+\/=',true\)\nFrom_Base64\('A-Za-z0-9\+\/=',true\)\nFrom_Base64\('A-Za-z0-9\+\/=',true\)/,
+        expectedMatch: /From_Base64\('A-Za-z0-9\+\/=',true,false\)\nFrom_Base64\('A-Za-z0-9\+\/=',true,false\)\nFrom_Base64\('A-Za-z0-9\+\/=',true,false\)/,
         recipeConfig: [
             {
                 op: "Magic",
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ TestRegister.addTests([
     {
         name: "Magic Chain: Hex -> Hexdump -> Base64",
         input: "MDAwMDAwMDAgIDM3IDM0IDIwIDM2IDM1IDIwIDM3IDMzIDIwIDM3IDM0IDIwIDMyIDMwIDIwIDM3ICB8NzQgNjUgNzMgNzQgMjAgN3wKMDAwMDAwMTAgIDMzIDIwIDM3IDM0IDIwIDM3IDMyIDIwIDM2IDM5IDIwIDM2IDY1IDIwIDM2IDM3ICB8MyA3NCA3MiA2OSA2ZSA2N3w=",
-        expectedMatch: /From_Base64\('A-Za-z0-9\+\/=',true\)\nFrom_Hexdump\(\)\nFrom_Hex\('Space'\)/,
+        expectedMatch: /From_Base64\('A-Za-z0-9\+\/=',true,false\)\nFrom_Hexdump\(\)\nFrom_Hex\('Space'\)/,
         recipeConfig: [
             {
                 op: "Magic",

tests/operations/tests/PEMtoHex.mjs

@@ -0,0 +1,294 @@
+/**
+ * Test PEMtoHex with different inputs
+ *
+ * @author cplussharp
+ *
+ * @license Apache-2.0
+ */
+
+import TestRegister from "../../lib/TestRegister.mjs";
+
+/** RSA 2048bit key pair as PKCS1 and PKCS8 and as certificate */
+const PEMS_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS1 = `-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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+-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----`;
+
+const PEMS_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS8 = `-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIIEvAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCBKYwggSiAgEAAoIBAQDlbKQsoeIECGZm
+HlaGhyClBCpmN2sCm5HFFPbVIlnHoJ747PZXXv+F6jO7ksTPreMLFbU2sFyTOX9i
+zyn0t6phO7rH8tsqWhON8RbGXNefNRKqf0kcjGaYlDONen1fUP31OP41alEYQiII
+UTsl8OF7YqcwZUMODqR8IuiQN0ujbnot5DgISRWLBjp35q3jEOUgfC9lmYbhKaTn
+p4eG9ATcjyxIDOCgswFqZDmbcxuJQsBi3GyQKkJ+MXGsvpmJpqPsdmid4XjRHfQo
+Ij3KAXy+TPEvB7e3ljheAcv1NhCbX4EOeKe6kgH/NN47XKAEYDrqbrOmaSa4bt3w
+dch25zP7AgMBAAECggEAJC7eNavSWZB5leFzBASLwXrGtRhIaEDg3JRR2YtxXWqX
+p+q3b1AsPJKTViHvqFFkXXsu+VEXSKDo1kyV8WKGHI+vBZnntuY970T2spIx74oP
+R5SLk1URWT8GYmnPHBlJ9ELo1MPPxmOnumgVTAaRiUQl2hweVzk399wJkbUm2L9n
+UCxkiM7qvpLQ7ud4LuJwQIEodTJZrz/ITU375NXIxX7PncB3U8L5IcwYOVuokAze
+jjADMP8UAjPJWjoZKecL5sV2Ay0jC3CBhMetuvwzyPl+oAdOo0l5uWq3/kocSPZV
+Wwiwci5DqW/iWURISqYf43koTg7fdTv9aaPL/5UYAQKBgQD3KxE4dc7HWh+He0j+
+vYLYVRqfr8AB7h1z7wTiMwYjlPjF6pgdNFWXXJL5kojGpyUigCZ3pIns3HYZ1Dnk
+yaiRl1lGqwU3V+UU5nDaQUf8jTNBld06MX6x/ku7QV9xPDdUmEn9hTcJV2WB0/h6
+QdtolUVbmL+lNR/m82zoAYEbGwKBgQDtn0PSqcXoaHEDyUl/CfK6S1ifAhChcTpe
+nbr81kPu3sfPEcN/jctDGZOT6YM//IhAfBvEjHY0T+dw3GVQyX+DU+QlspWQHy10
+hmsvKJPiV5t6qBPvZDTsizFGX8Yc6vsJ83TrU4FEJ7jgiU61o0BmTjNbC4DABjH4
+byJ+44n4oQKBgE/k2+wkKHLH7ukcMLwnBeRnnfOAG9CD54FSAYIcfB+ER+WxrvnB
+sOj8Q4Xol82euaItSkHiLbMikApJT21kwdhN083D+iupfaMD2fayo1I/UhIhHyFw
+XkOqr1AYEYHItRnjIAeSx/d9CJKuseLS5tknZwP0m/4K7gT5KnrUAaeBAoGAea5M
+9NurVM/mz6GL2Vomye87enF8Qq/QzBLJZh/yuaeregYGrpLVu46lW+EALQwMWbk0
+HvourasdQVYbK7uDaKTU99jzbdIJXNpYmNWWpRlnrO/VBYmy8E529SqmMLjDxNy+
+yqMAVv5gVdr6S1lF6R2yfrTtQWfqvuVqLMAoLwECgYBm3LuwgYy3WANqgiPJKA6j
+HzHsCVjdBTI1ALk3wpbcxnwosLlQG2OGovLBg4mv7/VH/uJuIesqQgT92aDlA3WJ
+Lm1mYW/IvAn6cdBk5sWuVwq2mv7WV6RBj+aXLpgkWTfKPaeFjO3x5VcFfaUKgsbW
+Cytule9R8gYnncv2bWZUCg==
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----`;
+
+const PEMS_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY_PKCS1 = `-----BEGIN RSA PUBLIC KEY-----
+MIIBCgKCAQEA5WykLKHiBAhmZh5WhocgpQQqZjdrApuRxRT21SJZx6Ce+Oz2V17/
+heozu5LEz63jCxW1NrBckzl/Ys8p9LeqYTu6x/LbKloTjfEWxlzXnzUSqn9JHIxm
+mJQzjXp9X1D99Tj+NWpRGEIiCFE7JfDhe2KnMGVDDg6kfCLokDdLo256LeQ4CEkV
+iwY6d+at4xDlIHwvZZmG4Smk56eHhvQE3I8sSAzgoLMBamQ5m3MbiULAYtxskCpC
+fjFxrL6Ziaaj7HZoneF40R30KCI9ygF8vkzxLwe3t5Y4XgHL9TYQm1+BDninupIB
+/zTeO1ygBGA66m6zpmkmuG7d8HXIducz+wIDAQAB
+-----END RSA PUBLIC KEY-----`;
+
+const PEMS_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY_PKCS8 = `-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
+MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA5WykLKHiBAhmZh5Whocg
+pQQqZjdrApuRxRT21SJZx6Ce+Oz2V17/heozu5LEz63jCxW1NrBckzl/Ys8p9Leq
+YTu6x/LbKloTjfEWxlzXnzUSqn9JHIxmmJQzjXp9X1D99Tj+NWpRGEIiCFE7JfDh
+e2KnMGVDDg6kfCLokDdLo256LeQ4CEkViwY6d+at4xDlIHwvZZmG4Smk56eHhvQE
+3I8sSAzgoLMBamQ5m3MbiULAYtxskCpCfjFxrL6Ziaaj7HZoneF40R30KCI9ygF8
+vkzxLwe3t5Y4XgHL9TYQm1+BDninupIB/zTeO1ygBGA66m6zpmkmuG7d8HXIducz
++wIDAQAB
+-----END PUBLIC KEY-----`;
+
+const PEMS_RSA_CERT = `-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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+-----END CERTIFICATE-----`;
+
+/** EC P-256 key pair and certificate */
+const PEMS_EC_P256_PRIVATE_KEY = `-----BEGIN EC PRIVATE KEY-----
+MHcCAQEEIIhdQxQIcMnCHD3X4WqNv+VgycWmFoEZpRl9X0+dT9uHoAoGCCqGSM49
+AwEHoUQDQgAEFLQcBbzDweo6af4k3k0gKWMNWOZVn8+9hH2rv4DKKYZ7E1z64LBt
+PnB1gMz++HDKySr2ozD3/46dIbQMXUZKpw==
+-----END EC PRIVATE KEY-----`;
+
+const PEMS_EC_P256_PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS8 = `-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----
+MIGHAgEAMBMGByqGSM49AgEGCCqGSM49AwEHBG0wawIBAQQgiF1DFAhwycIcPdfh
+ao2/5WDJxaYWgRmlGX1fT51P24ehRANCAAQUtBwFvMPB6jpp/iTeTSApYw1Y5lWf
+z72Efau/gMophnsTXPrgsG0+cHWAzP74cMrJKvajMPf/jp0htAxdRkqn
+-----END PRIVATE KEY-----`;
+
+const PEMS_EC_P256_PUBLIC_KEY = `-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
+MFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAEFLQcBbzDweo6af4k3k0gKWMNWOZV
+n8+9hH2rv4DKKYZ7E1z64LBtPnB1gMz++HDKySr2ozD3/46dIbQMXUZKpw==
+-----END PUBLIC KEY-----`;
+
+const PEMS_FOO = `-----BEGIN FOO-----
+Rk9P
+-----END FOO-----`;
+const PEMS_BAR = `-----BEGIN BAR-----
+QkFS
+-----END BAR-----`;
+
+TestRegister.addTests([
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: Nothing",
+        input: "",
+        expectedOutput: "",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: No footer",
+        input: PEMS_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS1.substring(0, 200),
+        expectedOutput: "PEM footer '-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----' not found",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: Multiple PEMs",
+        input: PEMS_FOO + "\n" + PEMS_BAR,
+        expectedOutput: "FOOBAR",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            },
+            {
+                "op": "From Hex",
+                "args": ["Auto"]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: Single line PEM",
+        input: PEMS_FOO.replace(/(\n|\r)/gm, ""),
+        expectedOutput: "FOO",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            },
+            {
+                "op": "From Hex",
+                "args": ["None"]
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: EC P-256 Private Key",
+        input: PEMS_EC_P256_PRIVATE_KEY,
+        expectedOutput: "30770201010420885d43140870c9c21c3dd7e16a8dbfe560c9c5a6168119a5197d5f4f9d4fdb87a00a06082a8648ce3d030107a1440342000414b41c05bcc3c1ea3a69fe24de4d2029630d58e6559fcfbd847dabbf80ca29867b135cfae0b06d3e707580ccfef870cac92af6a330f7ff8e9d21b40c5d464aa7",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: EC P-256 Private Key PKCS8",
+        input: PEMS_EC_P256_PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS8,
+        expectedOutput: "308187020100301306072a8648ce3d020106082a8648ce3d030107046d306b0201010420885d43140870c9c21c3dd7e16a8dbfe560c9c5a6168119a5197d5f4f9d4fdb87a1440342000414b41c05bcc3c1ea3a69fe24de4d2029630d58e6559fcfbd847dabbf80ca29867b135cfae0b06d3e707580ccfef870cac92af6a330f7ff8e9d21b40c5d464aa7",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: EC P-256 Public Key",
+        input: PEMS_EC_P256_PUBLIC_KEY,
+        expectedOutput: "3059301306072a8648ce3d020106082a8648ce3d0301070342000414b41c05bcc3c1ea3a69fe24de4d2029630d58e6559fcfbd847dabbf80ca29867b135cfae0b06d3e707580ccfef870cac92af6a330f7ff8e9d21b40c5d464aa7",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: RSA Private Key PKCS1",
+        input: PEMS_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS1,
+        expectedOutput: "fb49bd96ffc5d1351a35d773921fac03",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            },
+            {
+                "op": "MD5",
+                "args": []
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: RSA Private Key PKCS8",
+        input: PEMS_RSA_PRIVATE_KEY_PKCS8,
+        expectedOutput: "23086d03633689fee64680c3c24409eb",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            },
+            {
+                "op": "MD5",
+                "args": []
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: RSA Public Key PKCS1",
+        input: PEMS_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY_PKCS1,
+        expectedOutput: "5fc3f1f6c5d5806760b12eaad0c0292c",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            },
+            {
+                "op": "MD5",
+                "args": []
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: RSA Public Key PKCS8",
+        input: PEMS_RSA_PUBLIC_KEY_PKCS8,
+        expectedOutput: "30fbe8e9495d591232affebdd6206ea6",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            },
+            {
+                "op": "MD5",
+                "args": []
+            }
+        ]
+    },
+    {
+        name: "PEMtoHex: Certificate",
+        input: PEMS_RSA_CERT,
+        expectedOutput: "6694d8ca4a0ceb84c3951d25dc05ec6e",
+        recipeConfig: [
+            {
+                "op": "PEM to Hex",
+                "args": []
+            },
+            {
+                "op": "MD5",
+                "args": []
+            }
+        ]
+    }
+]);