Version v1.62.0

Docs commited in wrong place in

c0a5283416 docs: rclone mount on macOS with macFUSE and  FUSE-T

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Bug.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ We understand you are having a problem with rclone; we want to help you with tha
 
 **STOP and READ**
 **YOUR POST WILL BE REMOVED IF IT IS LOW QUALITY**:
-Please show the effort you've put in to solving the problem and please be specific.
+Please show the effort you've put into solving the problem and please be specific.
 People are volunteering their time to help! Low effort posts are not likely to get good answers!
 
 If you think you might have found a bug, try to replicate it with the latest beta (or stable).
@@ -37,7 +37,6 @@ The Rclone Developers
 
 -->
 
-
 #### The associated forum post URL from `https://forum.rclone.org`
 
 
@@ -65,3 +64,11 @@ The Rclone Developers
 #### A log from the command with the `-vv` flag (e.g. output from `rclone -vv copy /tmp remote:tmp`)
 
 
+
+<!--- Please keep the note below for others who read your bug report. -->
+
+#### How to use GitHub
+
+* Please use the 👍 [reaction](https://blog.github.com/2016-03-10-add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/) to show that you are affected by the same issue.
+* Please don't comment if you have no relevant information to add. It's just extra noise for everyone subscribed to this issue.
+* Subscribe to receive notifications on status change and new comments.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/Feature.md

@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ The Rclone Developers
 
 -->
 
-
 #### The associated forum post URL from `https://forum.rclone.org`
 
 
@@ -42,3 +41,11 @@ The Rclone Developers
 #### How do you think rclone should be changed to solve that?
 
 
+
+<!--- Please keep the note below for others who read your feature request. -->
+
+#### How to use GitHub
+
+* Please use the 👍 [reaction](https://blog.github.com/2016-03-10-add-reactions-to-pull-requests-issues-and-comments/) to show that you are affected by the same issue.
+* Please don't comment if you have no relevant information to add. It's just extra noise for everyone subscribed to this issue.
+* Subscribe to receive notifications on status change and new comments.

.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ Link issues and relevant forum posts here.
 
 #### Checklist
 
-- [ ] I have read the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#submitting-a-pull-request).
+- [ ] I have read the [contribution guidelines](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#submitting-a-new-feature-or-bug-fix).
 - [ ] I have added tests for all changes in this PR if appropriate.
 - [ ] I have added documentation for the changes if appropriate.
 - [ ] All commit messages are in [house style](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#commit-messages).

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+version: 2
+updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"
+  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "daily"

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -12,29 +12,45 @@ on:
     tags:
       - '*'
   pull_request:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      manual:
+        description: Manual run (bypass default conditions)
+        type: boolean
+        required: true
+        default: true
 
 jobs:
   build:
+    if: ${{ github.event.inputs.manual == 'true' || (github.repository == 'rclone/rclone' && (github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name)) }}
     timeout-minutes: 60
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        job_name: ['linux', 'mac_amd64', 'mac_arm64', 'windows_amd64', 'windows_386', 'other_os', 'go1.13', 'go1.14', 'go1.15']
+        job_name: ['linux', 'linux_386', 'mac_amd64', 'mac_arm64', 'windows', 'other_os', 'go1.18', 'go1.19']
 
         include:
           - job_name: linux
             os: ubuntu-latest
-            go: '1.16.x'
+            go: '1.20'
             gotags: cmount
             build_flags: '-include "^linux/"'
             check: true
             quicktest: true
             racequicktest: true
+            librclonetest: true
             deploy: true
 
+          - job_name: linux_386
+            os: ubuntu-latest
+            go: '1.20'
+            goarch: 386
+            gotags: cmount
+            quicktest: true
+
           - job_name: mac_amd64
-            os: macOS-latest
-            go: '1.16.x'
+            os: macos-11
+            go: '1.20'
             gotags: 'cmount'
             build_flags: '-include "^darwin/amd64" -cgo'
             quicktest: true
@@ -42,54 +58,38 @@ jobs:
             deploy: true
 
           - job_name: mac_arm64
-            os: macOS-latest
-            go: '1.16.x'
+            os: macos-11
+            go: '1.20'
             gotags: 'cmount'
-            build_flags: '-include "^darwin/arm64" -cgo -macos-arch arm64 -macos-sdk macosx11.1 -cgo-cflags=-I/usr/local/include -cgo-ldflags=-L/usr/local/lib'
+            build_flags: '-include "^darwin/arm64" -cgo -macos-arch arm64 -cgo-cflags=-I/usr/local/include -cgo-ldflags=-L/usr/local/lib'
             deploy: true
 
-          - job_name: windows_amd64
+          - job_name: windows
             os: windows-latest
-            go: '1.16.x'
+            go: '1.20'
             gotags: cmount
-            build_flags: '-include "^windows/amd64" -cgo'
-            build_args: '-buildmode exe'
-            quicktest: true
-            racequicktest: true
-            deploy: true
-
-          - job_name: windows_386
-            os: windows-latest
-            go: '1.16.x'
-            gotags: cmount
-            goarch: '386'
-            cgo: '1'
-            build_flags: '-include "^windows/386" -cgo'
+            cgo: '0'
+            build_flags: '-include "^windows/"'
             build_args: '-buildmode exe'
             quicktest: true
             deploy: true
 
           - job_name: other_os
             os: ubuntu-latest
-            go: '1.16.x'
+            go: '1.20'
             build_flags: '-exclude "^(windows/|darwin/|linux/)"'
             compile_all: true
             deploy: true
 
-          - job_name: go1.13
+          - job_name: go1.18
             os: ubuntu-latest
-            go: '1.13.x'
-            quicktest: true
-
-          - job_name: go1.14
-            os: ubuntu-latest
-            go: '1.14.x'
+            go: '1.18'
             quicktest: true
             racequicktest: true
 
-          - job_name: go1.15
+          - job_name: go1.19
             os: ubuntu-latest
-            go: '1.15.x'
+            go: '1.19'
             quicktest: true
             racequicktest: true
 
@@ -99,15 +99,15 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v2
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v2
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
         with:
-          stable: 'false'
           go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
+          check-latest: true
 
       - name: Set environment variables
         shell: bash
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo modprobe fuse
           sudo chmod 666 /dev/fuse
           sudo chown root:$USER /etc/fuse.conf
-          sudo apt-get install fuse libfuse-dev rpm pkg-config
+          sudo apt-get install fuse3 libfuse-dev rpm pkg-config
         if: matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
 
       - name: Install Libraries on macOS
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           brew update
           brew install --cask macfuse
-        if: matrix.os == 'macOS-latest'
+        if: matrix.os == 'macos-11'
 
       - name: Install Libraries on Windows
         shell: powershell
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
           env
 
       - name: Go module cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v2
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
         with:
           path: ~/go/pkg/mod
           key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
@@ -175,6 +175,11 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           make
 
+      - name: Rclone version
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          rclone version
+
       - name: Run tests
         shell: bash
         run: |
@@ -187,12 +192,13 @@ jobs:
           make racequicktest
         if: matrix.racequicktest
 
-      - name: Code quality test
+      - name: Run librclone tests
         shell: bash
         run: |
-          make build_dep
-          make check
-        if: matrix.check
+          make -C librclone/ctest test
+          make -C librclone/ctest clean
+          librclone/python/test_rclone.py
+        if: matrix.librclonetest
 
       - name: Compile all architectures test
         shell: bash
@@ -213,100 +219,137 @@ jobs:
         # Deploy binaries if enabled in config && not a PR && not a fork
         if: matrix.deploy && github.head_ref == '' && github.repository == 'rclone/rclone'
 
+  lint:
+    if: ${{ github.event.inputs.manual == 'true' || (github.repository == 'rclone/rclone' && (github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name)) }}
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    name: "lint"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+      - name: Code quality test
+        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v3
+        with:
+          # Optional: version of golangci-lint to use in form of v1.2 or v1.2.3 or `latest` to use the latest version
+          version: latest
+
+      # Run govulncheck on the latest go version, the one we build binaries with
+      - name: Install Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.20'
+          check-latest: true
+
+      - name: Install govulncheck
+        run: go install golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@latest
+
+      - name: Scan for vulnerabilities
+        run: govulncheck ./...
+
   android:
-     timeout-minutes: 30
-     name: "android-all"
-     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-     
-     steps:
-       - name: Checkout
-         uses: actions/checkout@v2
-         with:
-           fetch-depth: 0
+    if: ${{ github.event.inputs.manual == 'true' || (github.repository == 'rclone/rclone' && (github.event_name != 'pull_request' || github.event.pull_request.head.repo.full_name != github.event.pull_request.base.repo.full_name)) }}
+    timeout-minutes: 30
+    name: "android-all"
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
-       # Upgrade together with NDK version
-       - name: Set up Go 1.14
-         uses: actions/setup-go@v1
-         with:
-           go-version: 1.14
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
 
-       # Upgrade together with Go version. Using a GitHub-provided version saves around 2 minutes.
-       - name: Force NDK version
-         run: echo "y" | sudo ${ANDROID_HOME}/tools/bin/sdkmanager --install "ndk;21.4.7075529" | grep -v = || true
+      # Upgrade together with NDK version
+      - name: Set up Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v3
+        with:
+          go-version: '1.20'
 
-       - name: Go module cache
-         uses: actions/cache@v2
-         with:
-           path: ~/go/pkg/mod
-           key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
-           restore-keys: |
-             ${{ runner.os }}-go-
+      - name: Go module cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
+        with:
+          path: ~/go/pkg/mod
+          key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
+          restore-keys: |
+            ${{ runner.os }}-go-
 
-       - name: Set global environment variables
-         shell: bash
-         run: |
-           echo "VERSION=$(make version)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: Set global environment variables
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          echo "VERSION=$(make version)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-       - name: build native rclone
-         run: |
-           make
+      - name: build native rclone
+        run: |
+          make
 
-       - name: arm-v7a Set environment variables
-         shell: bash
-         run: |
-           echo "CC=$(echo $ANDROID_HOME/ndk/21.4.7075529/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi16-clang)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo "CC_FOR_TARGET=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'GOOS=android' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'GOARCH=arm' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'GOARM=7' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'CGO_ENABLED=1' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'CGO_LDFLAGS=-fuse-ld=lld -s -w' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-       - name: arm-v7a build
-         run: go build -v -tags android -trimpath -ldflags '-s -X github.com/rclone/rclone/fs.Version='${VERSION} -o build/rclone-android-16-armv7a .
+      - name: install gomobile
+        run: |
+          go install golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gobind@latest
+          go install golang.org/x/mobile/cmd/gomobile@latest
+          env PATH=$PATH:~/go/bin gomobile init
+          echo "RCLONE_NDK_VERSION=21" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-       - name: arm64-v8a Set environment variables
-         shell: bash
-         run: |
-           echo "CC=$(echo $ANDROID_HOME/ndk/21.4.7075529/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android21-clang)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo "CC_FOR_TARGET=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'GOOS=android' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'GOARCH=arm64' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'CGO_ENABLED=1' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'CGO_LDFLAGS=-fuse-ld=lld -s -w' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: arm-v7a gomobile build
+        run: env PATH=$PATH:~/go/bin gomobile bind -androidapi ${RCLONE_NDK_VERSION} -v -target=android/arm -javapkg=org.rclone -ldflags '-s -X github.com/rclone/rclone/fs.Version='${VERSION} github.com/rclone/rclone/librclone/gomobile
 
-       - name: arm64-v8a build
-         run: go build -v -tags android -trimpath -ldflags '-s -X github.com/rclone/rclone/fs.Version='${VERSION} -o build/rclone-android-21-armv8a .
+      - name: arm-v7a Set environment variables
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          echo "CC=$(echo $ANDROID_NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/armv7a-linux-androideabi${RCLONE_NDK_VERSION}-clang)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CC_FOR_TARGET=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'GOOS=android' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'GOARCH=arm' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'GOARM=7' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'CGO_ENABLED=1' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'CGO_LDFLAGS=-fuse-ld=lld -s -w' >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-       - name: x86 Set environment variables
-         shell: bash
-         run: |
-           echo "CC=$(echo $ANDROID_HOME/ndk/21.4.7075529/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/i686-linux-android16-clang)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo "CC_FOR_TARGET=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'GOOS=android' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'GOARCH=386' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'CGO_ENABLED=1' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'CGO_LDFLAGS=-fuse-ld=lld -s -w' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: arm-v7a build
+        run: go build -v -tags android -trimpath -ldflags '-s -X github.com/rclone/rclone/fs.Version='${VERSION} -o build/rclone-android-${RCLONE_NDK_VERSION}-armv7a .
 
-       - name: x86 build
-         run: go build -v -tags android -trimpath -ldflags '-s -X github.com/rclone/rclone/fs.Version='${VERSION} -o build/rclone-android-16-x86 .
+      - name: arm64-v8a Set environment variables
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          echo "CC=$(echo $ANDROID_NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/aarch64-linux-android${RCLONE_NDK_VERSION}-clang)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CC_FOR_TARGET=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'GOOS=android' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'GOARCH=arm64' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'CGO_ENABLED=1' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'CGO_LDFLAGS=-fuse-ld=lld -s -w' >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-       - name: x64 Set environment variables
-         shell: bash
-         run: |
-           echo "CC=$(echo $ANDROID_HOME/ndk/21.4.7075529/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/x86_64-linux-android21-clang)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo "CC_FOR_TARGET=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'GOOS=android' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'GOARCH=amd64' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'CGO_ENABLED=1' >> $GITHUB_ENV
-           echo 'CGO_LDFLAGS=-fuse-ld=lld -s -w' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+      - name: arm64-v8a build
+        run: go build -v -tags android -trimpath -ldflags '-s -X github.com/rclone/rclone/fs.Version='${VERSION} -o build/rclone-android-${RCLONE_NDK_VERSION}-armv8a .
 
-       - name: x64 build
-         run: go build -v -tags android -trimpath -ldflags '-s -X github.com/rclone/rclone/fs.Version='${VERSION} -o build/rclone-android-21-x64 .
+      - name: x86 Set environment variables
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          echo "CC=$(echo $ANDROID_NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/i686-linux-android${RCLONE_NDK_VERSION}-clang)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CC_FOR_TARGET=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'GOOS=android' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'GOARCH=386' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'CGO_ENABLED=1' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'CGO_LDFLAGS=-fuse-ld=lld -s -w' >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
-       - name: Upload artifacts
-         run: |
-           make ci_upload
-         env:
-           RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS: ${{ secrets.RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS }}
-         # Upload artifacts if not a PR && not a fork
-         if: github.head_ref == '' && github.repository == 'rclone/rclone'
+      - name: x86 build
+        run: go build -v -tags android -trimpath -ldflags '-s -X github.com/rclone/rclone/fs.Version='${VERSION} -o build/rclone-android-${RCLONE_NDK_VERSION}-x86 .
+
+      - name: x64 Set environment variables
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          echo "CC=$(echo $ANDROID_NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/bin/x86_64-linux-android${RCLONE_NDK_VERSION}-clang)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "CC_FOR_TARGET=$CC" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'GOOS=android' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'GOARCH=amd64' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'CGO_ENABLED=1' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo 'CGO_LDFLAGS=-fuse-ld=lld -s -w' >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: x64 build
+        run: go build -v -tags android -trimpath -ldflags '-s -X github.com/rclone/rclone/fs.Version='${VERSION} -o build/rclone-android-${RCLONE_NDK_VERSION}-x64 .
+
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        run: |
+          make ci_upload
+        env:
+          RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS: ${{ secrets.RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS }}
+        # Upload artifacts if not a PR && not a fork
+        if: github.head_ref == '' && github.repository == 'rclone/rclone'

.github/workflows/build_publish_docker_image.yml

@@ -7,11 +7,12 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
     build:
+        if: github.repository == 'rclone/rclone'
         runs-on: ubuntu-latest
         name: Build image job
         steps:
             - name: Checkout master
-              uses: actions/checkout@v2
+              uses: actions/checkout@v3
               with:
                 fetch-depth: 0
             - name: Build and publish image
@@ -19,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
               with:
                 tag: beta
                 imageName: rclone/rclone
-                platform: linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7
+                platform: linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm/v6
                 publish: true
                 dockerHubUser: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }}
                 dockerHubPassword: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_PASSWORD }}

.github/workflows/build_publish_release_docker_image.yml

@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
     build:
+        if: github.repository == 'rclone/rclone'
         runs-on: ubuntu-latest
         name: Build image job
         steps:
             - name: Checkout master
-              uses: actions/checkout@v2
+              uses: actions/checkout@v3
               with:
                 fetch-depth: 0
             - name: Get actual patch version
@@ -27,7 +28,32 @@ jobs:
               with:
                 tag: latest,${{ steps.actual_patch_version.outputs.ACTUAL_PATCH_VERSION }},${{ steps.actual_minor_version.outputs.ACTUAL_MINOR_VERSION }},${{ steps.actual_major_version.outputs.ACTUAL_MAJOR_VERSION }}
                 imageName: rclone/rclone
-                platform: linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7
+                platform: linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm/v6
                 publish: true
                 dockerHubUser: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }}
                 dockerHubPassword: ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_PASSWORD }}
+
+    build_docker_volume_plugin:
+        if: github.repository == 'rclone/rclone'
+        needs: build
+        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        name: Build docker plugin job
+        steps:
+            - name: Checkout master
+              uses: actions/checkout@v3
+              with:
+                fetch-depth: 0
+            - name: Build and publish docker plugin
+              shell: bash
+              run: |
+                VER=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/}
+                PLUGIN_USER=rclone
+                docker login --username ${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_USER }} \
+                             --password-stdin <<< "${{ secrets.DOCKER_HUB_PASSWORD }}"
+                for PLUGIN_ARCH in amd64 arm64 arm/v7 arm/v6 ;do
+                    export PLUGIN_USER PLUGIN_ARCH
+                    make docker-plugin PLUGIN_TAG=${PLUGIN_ARCH/\//-}
+                    make docker-plugin PLUGIN_TAG=${PLUGIN_ARCH/\//-}-${VER#v}
+                done
+                make docker-plugin PLUGIN_ARCH=amd64 PLUGIN_TAG=latest
+                make docker-plugin PLUGIN_ARCH=amd64 PLUGIN_TAG=${VER#v}

.github/workflows/winget.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+name: Publish to Winget
+on:
+  release:
+    types: [released]
+
+jobs:
+  publish:
+    runs-on: windows-latest # Action can only run on Windows
+    steps:
+      - uses: vedantmgoyal2009/winget-releaser@v2
+        with:
+          identifier: Rclone.Rclone
+          installers-regex: '-windows-\w+\.zip$'
+          token: ${{ secrets.WINGET_TOKEN }}

.gitignore

@@ -11,3 +11,7 @@ rclone.iml
 *.log
 *.iml
 fuzz-build.zip
+*.orig
+*.rej
+Thumbs.db
+__pycache__

.golangci.yml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ linters:
     - deadcode
     - errcheck
     - goimports
-    - golint
+    - revive
     - ineffassign
     - structcheck
     - varcheck
@@ -20,7 +20,11 @@ issues:
   exclude-use-default: false
 
   # Maximum issues count per one linter. Set to 0 to disable. Default is 50.
-  max-per-linter: 0
+  max-issues-per-linter: 0
 
   # Maximum count of issues with the same text. Set to 0 to disable. Default is 3.
   max-same-issues: 0
+
+run:
+  # timeout for analysis, e.g. 30s, 5m, default is 1m
+  timeout: 10m

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -12,95 +12,164 @@ When filing an issue, please include the following information if
 possible as well as a description of the problem.  Make sure you test
 with the [latest beta of rclone](https://beta.rclone.org/):
 
-  * Rclone version (e.g. output from `rclone -V`)
-  * Which OS you are using and how many bits (e.g. Windows 7, 64 bit)
+  * Rclone version (e.g. output from `rclone version`)
+  * Which OS you are using and how many bits (e.g. Windows 10, 64 bit)
   * The command you were trying to run (e.g. `rclone copy /tmp remote:tmp`)
   * A log of the command with the `-vv` flag (e.g. output from `rclone -vv copy /tmp remote:tmp`)
     * if the log contains secrets then edit the file with a text editor first to obscure them
 
-## Submitting a pull request ##
+## Submitting a new feature or bug fix ##
 
 If you find a bug that you'd like to fix, or a new feature that you'd
 like to implement then please submit a pull request via GitHub.
 
-If it is a big feature then make an issue first so it can be discussed.
+If it is a big feature, then [make an issue](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues) first so it can be discussed.
 
-You'll need a Go environment set up with GOPATH set.  See [the Go
-getting started docs](https://golang.org/doc/install) for more info.
-
-First in your web browser press the fork button on [rclone's GitHub
+To prepare your pull request first press the fork button on [rclone's GitHub
 page](https://github.com/rclone/rclone).
 
-Now in your terminal
+Then [install Git](https://git-scm.com/downloads) and set your public contribution [name](https://docs.github.com/en/github/getting-started-with-github/setting-your-username-in-git) and [email](https://docs.github.com/en/github/setting-up-and-managing-your-github-user-account/setting-your-commit-email-address#setting-your-commit-email-address-in-git).
+
+Next open your terminal, change directory to your preferred folder and initialise your local rclone project:
 
     git clone https://github.com/rclone/rclone.git
     cd rclone
     git remote rename origin upstream
+      # if you have SSH keys setup in your GitHub account:
     git remote add origin git@github.com:YOURUSER/rclone.git
-    go build
+      # otherwise:
+    git remote add origin https://github.com/YOURUSER/rclone.git
 
-Make a branch to add your new feature
+Note that most of the terminal commands in the rest of this guide must be executed from the rclone folder created above.
+
+Now [install Go](https://golang.org/doc/install) and verify your installation:
+
+    go version
+
+Great, you can now compile and execute your own version of rclone:
+
+    go build
+    ./rclone version
+
+(Note that you can also replace `go build` with `make`, which will include a
+more accurate version number in the executable as well as enable you to specify
+more build options.) Finally make a branch to add your new feature
 
     git checkout -b my-new-feature
 
 And get hacking.
 
-When ready - run the unit tests for the code you changed
+You may like one of the [popular editors/IDE's for Go](https://github.com/golang/go/wiki/IDEsAndTextEditorPlugins) and a quick view on the rclone [code organisation](#code-organisation).
 
+When ready - test the affected functionality and run the unit tests for the code you changed
+
+    cd folder/with/changed/files
     go test -v
 
 Note that you may need to make a test remote, e.g. `TestSwift` for some
 of the unit tests.
 
-Note the top level Makefile targets
-
-  * make check
-  * make test
-
-Both of these will be run by Travis when you make a pull request but
-you can do this yourself locally too.  These require some extra go
-packages which you can install with
-
-  * make build_dep
+This is typically enough if you made a simple bug fix, otherwise please read the rclone [testing](#testing) section too.
 
 Make sure you
 
+  * Add [unit tests](#testing) for a new feature.
   * Add [documentation](#writing-documentation) for a new feature.
-  * Follow the [commit message guidelines](#commit-messages).
-  * Add [unit tests](#testing) for a new feature
-  * squash commits down to one per feature
-  * rebase to master with `git rebase master`
+  * [Commit your changes](#committing-your-changes) using the [message guideline](#commit-messages).
 
-When you are done with that
+When you are done with that push your changes to GitHub:
 
     git push -u origin my-new-feature
 
-Go to the GitHub website and click [Create pull
+and open the GitHub website to [create your pull
 request](https://help.github.com/articles/creating-a-pull-request/).
 
-You patch will get reviewed and you might get asked to fix some stuff.
+Your changes will then get reviewed and you might get asked to fix some stuff. If so, then make the changes in the same branch, commit and push your updates to GitHub.
 
-If so, then make the changes in the same branch, squash the commits (make multiple commits one commit) by running:
-```
-git log # See how many commits you want to squash
-git reset --soft HEAD~2 # This squashes the 2 latest commits together.
-git status # Check what will happen, if you made a mistake resetting, you can run git reset 'HEAD@{1}' to undo.
-git commit # Add a new commit message.
-git push --force # Push the squashed commit to your GitHub repo.
-# For more, see Stack Overflow, Git docs, or generally Duck around the web. jtagcat also recommends wizardzines.com
-```
+You may sometimes be asked to [base your changes on the latest master](#basing-your-changes-on-the-latest-master) or [squash your commits](#squashing-your-commits).
 
-## CI for your fork ##
+## Using Git and GitHub ##
+
+### Committing your changes ###
+
+Follow the guideline for [commit messages](#commit-messages) and then:
+
+    git checkout my-new-feature      # To switch to your branch
+    git status                       # To see the new and changed files
+    git add FILENAME                 # To select FILENAME for the commit
+    git status                       # To verify the changes to be committed
+    git commit                       # To do the commit
+    git log                          # To verify the commit. Use q to quit the log
+
+You can modify the message or changes in the latest commit using:
+
+    git commit --amend
+
+If you amend to commits that have been pushed to GitHub, then you will have to [replace your previously pushed commits](#replacing-your-previously-pushed-commits).
+
+### Replacing your previously pushed commits ###
+
+Note that you are about to rewrite the GitHub history of your branch. It is good practice to involve your collaborators before modifying commits that have been pushed to GitHub.
+
+Your previously pushed commits are replaced by:
+
+    git push --force origin my-new-feature 
+
+### Basing your changes on the latest master ###
+
+To base your changes on the latest version of the [rclone master](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/tree/master) (upstream):
+
+    git checkout master
+    git fetch upstream
+    git merge --ff-only
+    git push origin --follow-tags    # optional update of your fork in GitHub
+    git checkout my-new-feature
+    git rebase master
+
+If you rebase commits that have been pushed to GitHub, then you will have to [replace your previously pushed commits](#replacing-your-previously-pushed-commits).
+
+### Squashing your commits ###
+
+To combine your commits into one commit:
+
+    git log                          # To count the commits to squash, e.g. the last 2
+    git reset --soft HEAD~2          # To undo the 2 latest commits
+    git status                       # To check everything is as expected
+
+If everything is fine, then make the new combined commit:
+
+    git commit                       # To commit the undone commits as one
+
+otherwise, you may roll back using:
+
+    git reflog                       # To check that HEAD{1} is your previous state
+    git reset --soft 'HEAD@{1}'      # To roll back to your previous state
+
+If you squash commits that have been pushed to GitHub, then you will have to [replace your previously pushed commits](#replacing-your-previously-pushed-commits).
+
+Tip: You may like to use `git rebase -i master` if you are experienced or have a more complex situation.
+
+### GitHub Continuous Integration ###
 
 rclone currently uses [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/actions) to build and test the project, which should be automatically available for your fork too from the `Actions` tab in your repository.
 
 ## Testing ##
 
+### Quick testing ###
+
 rclone's tests are run from the go testing framework, so at the top
 level you can run this to run all the tests.
 
     go test -v ./...
 
+You can also use `make`, if supported by your platform
+
+    make quicktest
+
+The quicktest is [automatically run by GitHub](#github-continuous-integration) when you push your branch to GitHub.
+
+### Backend testing ###
+
 rclone contains a mixture of unit tests and integration tests.
 Because it is difficult (and in some respects pointless) to test cloud
 storage systems by mocking all their interfaces, rclone unit tests can
@@ -134,12 +203,19 @@ project root:
     go install github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/test_all
     test_all -backend drive
 
+### Full integration testing ###
+
 If you want to run all the integration tests against all the remotes,
 then change into the project root and run
 
+    make check
     make test
 
-This command is run daily on the integration test server. You can
+The commands may require some extra go packages which you can install with
+
+    make build_dep
+
+The full integration tests are run daily on the integration test server. You can
 find the results at https://pub.rclone.org/integration-tests/
 
 ## Code Organisation ##
@@ -147,16 +223,17 @@ find the results at https://pub.rclone.org/integration-tests/
 Rclone code is organised into a small number of top level directories
 with modules beneath.
 
-  * backend - the rclone backends for interfacing to cloud providers - 
+  * backend - the rclone backends for interfacing to cloud providers -
     * all - import this to load all the cloud providers
     * ...providers
   * bin - scripts for use while building or maintaining rclone
   * cmd - the rclone commands
     * all - import this to load all the commands
     * ...commands
+  * cmdtest - end-to-end tests of commands, flags, environment variables,...
   * docs - the documentation and website
     * content - adjust these docs only - everything else is autogenerated
-      * command - these are auto generated - edit the corresponding .go file
+      * command - these are auto-generated - edit the corresponding .go file
   * fs - main rclone definitions - minimal amount of code
     * accounting - bandwidth limiting and statistics
     * asyncreader - an io.Reader which reads ahead
@@ -198,18 +275,39 @@ If you add a new general flag (not for a backend), then document it in
 alphabetical order.
 
 If you add a new backend option/flag, then it should be documented in
-the source file in the `Help:` field.  The first line of this is used
-for the flag help, the remainder is shown to the user in `rclone
-config` and is added to the docs with `make backenddocs`.
+the source file in the `Help:` field.
+
+  * Start with the most important information about the option,
+    as a single sentence on a single line.
+    * This text will be used for the command-line flag help.
+    * It will be combined with other information, such as any default value,
+      and the result will look odd if not written as a single sentence.
+    * It should end with a period/full stop character, which will be shown
+      in docs but automatically removed when producing the flag help.
+    * Try to keep it below 80 characters, to reduce text wrapping in the terminal.
+  * More details can be added in a new paragraph, after an empty line (`"\n\n"`).
+    * Like with docs generated from Markdown, a single line break is ignored
+      and two line breaks creates a new paragraph.
+    * This text will be shown to the user in `rclone config`
+      and in the docs (where it will be added by `make backenddocs`,
+      normally run some time before next release).
+  * To create options of enumeration type use the `Examples:` field.
+    * Each example value have their own `Help:` field, but they are treated
+      a bit different than the main option help text. They will be shown
+      as an unordered list, therefore a single line break is enough to
+      create a new list item. Also, for enumeration texts like name of
+      countries, it looks better without an ending period/full stop character.
 
 The only documentation you need to edit are the `docs/content/*.md`
-files.  The `MANUAL.*`, `rclone.1`, web site, etc. are all auto generated
+files.  The `MANUAL.*`, `rclone.1`, website, etc. are all auto-generated
 from those during the release process.  See the `make doc` and `make
 website` targets in the Makefile if you are interested in how.  You
 don't need to run these when adding a feature.
 
 Documentation for rclone sub commands is with their code, e.g.
-`cmd/ls/ls.go`.
+`cmd/ls/ls.go`. Write flag help strings as a single sentence on a single
+line, without a period/full stop character at the end, as it will be
+combined unmodified with other information (such as any default value).
 
 Note that you can use [GitHub's online editor](https://help.github.com/en/github/managing-files-in-a-repository/editing-files-in-another-users-repository)
 for small changes in the docs which makes it very easy.
@@ -252,7 +350,7 @@ And here is an example of a longer one:
 ```
 mount: fix hang on errored upload
 
-In certain circumstances if an upload failed then the mount could hang
+In certain circumstances, if an upload failed then the mount could hang
 indefinitely. This was fixed by closing the read pipe after the Put
 completed.  This will cause the write side to return a pipe closed
 error fixing the hang.
@@ -284,7 +382,7 @@ and `go.sum` in the same commit as your other changes.
 
 If you need to update a dependency then run
 
-    GO111MODULE=on go get -u github.com/pkg/errors
+    GO111MODULE=on go get -u golang.org/x/crypto
 
 Check in a single commit as above.
 
@@ -327,8 +425,8 @@ Research
 Getting going
 
   * Create `backend/remote/remote.go` (copy this from a similar remote)
-    * box is a good one to start from if you have a directory based remote
-    * b2 is a good one to start from if you have a bucket based remote
+    * box is a good one to start from if you have a directory-based remote
+    * b2 is a good one to start from if you have a bucket-based remote
   * Add your remote to the imports in `backend/all/all.go`
   * HTTP based remotes are easiest to maintain if they use rclone's rest module, but if there is a really good go SDK then use that instead.
   * Try to implement as many optional methods as possible as it makes the remote more usable.

MAINTAINERS.md

@@ -15,11 +15,11 @@ Current active maintainers of rclone are:
 | Ivan Andreev     | @ivandeex         | chunker & mailru backends    |
 | Max Sum          | @Max-Sum          | union backend                |
 | Fred             | @creativeprojects | seafile backend              |
-| Caleb Case       | @calebcase        | tardigrade backend           |
+| Caleb Case       | @calebcase        | storj backend                |
 
 **This is a work in progress Draft**
 
-This is a guide for how to be an rclone maintainer.  This is mostly a writeup of what I (@ncw) attempt to do.
+This is a guide for how to be an rclone maintainer.  This is mostly a write-up of what I (@ncw) attempt to do.
 
 ## Triaging Tickets ##
 
@@ -27,15 +27,15 @@ When a ticket comes in it should be triaged.  This means it should be classified
 
 Rclone uses the labels like this:
 
-* `bug` - a definite verified bug
+* `bug` - a definitely verified bug
 * `can't reproduce` - a problem which we can't reproduce
 * `doc fix` - a bug in the documentation - if users need help understanding the docs add this label
 * `duplicate` - normally close these and ask the user to subscribe to the original
 * `enhancement: new remote` - a new rclone backend
 * `enhancement` - a new feature
 * `FUSE` - to do with `rclone mount` command
-* `good first issue` - mark these if you find a small self contained issue - these get shown to new visitors to the project
-* `help` wanted - mark these if you find a self contained issue - these get shown to new visitors to the project
+* `good first issue` - mark these if you find a small self-contained issue - these get shown to new visitors to the project
+* `help` wanted - mark these if you find a self-contained issue - these get shown to new visitors to the project
 * `IMPORTANT` - note to maintainers not to forget to fix this for the release
 * `maintenance` - internal enhancement, code re-organisation, etc.
 * `Needs Go 1.XX` - waiting for that version of Go to be released
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ The milestones have these meanings:
 
 * v1.XX - stuff we would like to fit into this release
 * v1.XX+1 - stuff we are leaving until the next release
-* Soon - stuff we think is a good idea - waiting to be scheduled to a release
+* Soon - stuff we think is a good idea - waiting to be scheduled for a release
 * Help wanted - blue sky stuff that might get moved up, or someone could help with
 * Known bugs - bugs waiting on external factors or we aren't going to fix for the moment
 
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ Close tickets as soon as you can - make sure they are tagged with a release.  Po
 
 Try to process pull requests promptly!
 
-Merging pull requests on GitHub itself works quite well now-a-days so you can squash and rebase or rebase pull requests.  rclone doesn't use merge commits.  Use the squash and rebase option if you need to edit the commit message.
+Merging pull requests on GitHub itself works quite well nowadays so you can squash and rebase or rebase pull requests.  rclone doesn't use merge commits.  Use the squash and rebase option if you need to edit the commit message.
 
 After merging the commit, in your local master branch, do `git pull` then run `bin/update-authors.py` to update the authors file then `git push`.
 
@@ -81,15 +81,15 @@ Rclone aims for a 6-8 week release cycle.  Sometimes release cycles take longer
 
 High impact regressions should be fixed before the next release.
 
-Near the start of the release cycle the dependencies should be updated with `make update` to give time for bugs to surface.
+Near the start of the release cycle, the dependencies should be updated with `make update` to give time for bugs to surface.
 
 Towards the end of the release cycle try not to merge anything too big so let things settle down.
 
-Follow the instructions in RELEASE.md for making the release. Note that the testing part is the most time consuming often needing several rounds of test and fix depending on exactly how many new features rclone has gained.
+Follow the instructions in RELEASE.md for making the release. Note that the testing part is the most time-consuming often needing several rounds of test and fix depending on exactly how many new features rclone has gained.
 
 ## Mailing list ##
 
-There is now an invite only mailing list for rclone developers `rclone-dev` on google groups.
+There is now an invite-only mailing list for rclone developers `rclone-dev` on google groups.
 
 ## TODO ##
 

Makefile

@@ -81,6 +81,9 @@ quicktest:
 racequicktest:
 	RCLONE_CONFIG="/notfound" go test $(BUILDTAGS) -cpu=2 -race ./...
 
+compiletest:
+	RCLONE_CONFIG="/notfound" go test $(BUILDTAGS) -run XXX ./...
+
 # Do source code quality checks
 check:	rclone
 	@echo "-- START CODE QUALITY REPORT -------------------------------"
@@ -97,17 +100,21 @@ release_dep_linux:
 
 # Get the release dependencies we only install on Windows
 release_dep_windows:
-	GO111MODULE=off GOOS="" GOARCH="" go get github.com/josephspurrier/goversioninfo/cmd/goversioninfo
+	GOOS="" GOARCH="" go install github.com/josephspurrier/goversioninfo/cmd/goversioninfo@latest
 
 # Update dependencies
 showupdates:
 	@echo "*** Direct dependencies that could be updated ***"
 	@GO111MODULE=on go list -u -f '{{if (and (not (or .Main .Indirect)) .Update)}}{{.Path}}: {{.Version}} -> {{.Update.Version}}{{end}}' -m all 2> /dev/null
 
+# Update direct dependencies only
+updatedirect:
+	GO111MODULE=on go get -d $$(go list -m -f '{{if not (or .Main .Indirect)}}{{.Path}}{{end}}' all)
+	GO111MODULE=on go mod tidy
+
 # Update direct and indirect dependencies and test dependencies
 update:
-	GO111MODULE=on go get -u -t ./...
-	-#GO111MODULE=on go get -d $(go list -m -f '{{if not (or .Main .Indirect)}}{{.Path}}{{end}}' all)
+	GO111MODULE=on go get -d -u -t ./...
 	GO111MODULE=on go mod tidy
 
 # Tidy the module dependencies
@@ -241,18 +248,48 @@ retag:
 startdev:
 	@echo "Version is $(VERSION)"
 	@echo "Next version is $(NEXT_VERSION)"
-	echo -e "package fs\n\n// Version of rclone\nvar Version = \"$(NEXT_VERSION)-DEV\"\n" | gofmt > fs/version.go
+	echo -e "package fs\n\n// VersionTag of rclone\nvar VersionTag = \"$(NEXT_VERSION)\"\n" | gofmt > fs/versiontag.go
 	echo -n "$(NEXT_VERSION)" > docs/layouts/partials/version.html
 	echo "$(NEXT_VERSION)" > VERSION
-	git commit -m "Start $(NEXT_VERSION)-DEV development" fs/version.go VERSION docs/layouts/partials/version.html
+	git commit -m "Start $(NEXT_VERSION)-DEV development" fs/versiontag.go VERSION docs/layouts/partials/version.html
 
 startstable:
 	@echo "Version is $(VERSION)"
 	@echo "Next stable version is $(NEXT_PATCH_VERSION)"
-	echo -e "package fs\n\n// Version of rclone\nvar Version = \"$(NEXT_PATCH_VERSION)-DEV\"\n" | gofmt > fs/version.go
+	echo -e "package fs\n\n// VersionTag of rclone\nvar VersionTag = \"$(NEXT_PATCH_VERSION)\"\n" | gofmt > fs/versiontag.go
 	echo -n "$(NEXT_PATCH_VERSION)" > docs/layouts/partials/version.html
 	echo "$(NEXT_PATCH_VERSION)" > VERSION
-	git commit -m "Start $(NEXT_PATCH_VERSION)-DEV development" fs/version.go VERSION docs/layouts/partials/version.html
+	git commit -m "Start $(NEXT_PATCH_VERSION)-DEV development" fs/versiontag.go VERSION docs/layouts/partials/version.html
 
 winzip:
 	zip -9 rclone-$(TAG).zip rclone.exe
+
+# docker volume plugin
+PLUGIN_USER ?= rclone
+PLUGIN_TAG ?= latest
+PLUGIN_BASE_TAG ?= latest
+PLUGIN_ARCH ?= amd64
+PLUGIN_IMAGE := $(PLUGIN_USER)/docker-volume-rclone:$(PLUGIN_TAG)
+PLUGIN_BASE := $(PLUGIN_USER)/rclone:$(PLUGIN_BASE_TAG)
+PLUGIN_BUILD_DIR := ./build/docker-plugin
+PLUGIN_CONTRIB_DIR := ./contrib/docker-plugin/managed
+
+docker-plugin-create:
+	docker buildx inspect |grep -q /${PLUGIN_ARCH} || \
+	docker run --rm --privileged tonistiigi/binfmt --install all
+	rm -rf ${PLUGIN_BUILD_DIR}
+	docker buildx build \
+		--no-cache --pull \
+		--build-arg BASE_IMAGE=${PLUGIN_BASE} \
+		--platform linux/${PLUGIN_ARCH} \
+		--output ${PLUGIN_BUILD_DIR}/rootfs \
+		${PLUGIN_CONTRIB_DIR}
+	cp ${PLUGIN_CONTRIB_DIR}/config.json ${PLUGIN_BUILD_DIR}
+	docker plugin rm --force ${PLUGIN_IMAGE} 2>/dev/null || true
+	docker plugin create ${PLUGIN_IMAGE} ${PLUGIN_BUILD_DIR}
+
+docker-plugin-push:
+	docker plugin push ${PLUGIN_IMAGE}
+	docker plugin rm ${PLUGIN_IMAGE}
+
+docker-plugin: docker-plugin-create docker-plugin-push

README.md

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-[<img src="https://rclone.org/img/logo_on_light__horizontal_color.svg" width="50%" alt="rclone logo">](https://rclone.org/)
+[<img src="https://rclone.org/img/logo_on_light__horizontal_color.svg" width="50%" alt="rclone logo">](https://rclone.org/#gh-light-mode-only)
+[<img src="https://rclone.org/img/logo_on_dark__horizontal_color.svg" width="50%" alt="rclone logo">](https://rclone.org/#gh-dark-mode-only)
 
 [Website](https://rclone.org) |
 [Documentation](https://rclone.org/docs/) |
-[Download](https://rclone.org/downloads/) | 
+[Download](https://rclone.org/downloads/) |
 [Contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md) |
 [Changelog](https://rclone.org/changelog/) |
 [Installation](https://rclone.org/install/) |
@@ -10,38 +11,46 @@
 
 [![Build Status](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/workflows/build/badge.svg)](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/actions?query=workflow%3Abuild)
 [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/github.com/rclone/rclone)](https://goreportcard.com/report/github.com/rclone/rclone)
-[![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/rclone/rclone?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/rclone/rclone) 
+[![GoDoc](https://godoc.org/github.com/rclone/rclone?status.svg)](https://godoc.org/github.com/rclone/rclone)
 [![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/rclone/rclone)](https://hub.docker.com/r/rclone/rclone)
 
 # Rclone
 
-Rclone *("rsync for cloud storage")* is a command line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers.
+Rclone *("rsync for cloud storage")* is a command-line program to sync files and directories to and from different cloud storage providers.
 
 ## Storage providers
 
   * 1Fichier [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/fichier/)
+  * Akamai Netstorage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/netstorage/)
   * Alibaba Cloud (Aliyun) Object Storage System (OSS) [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#alibaba-oss)
   * Amazon Drive [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/amazonclouddrive/) ([See note](https://rclone.org/amazonclouddrive/#status))
   * Amazon S3 [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/)
   * Backblaze B2 [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/b2/)
   * Box [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/box/)
   * Ceph [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#ceph)
+  * China Mobile Ecloud Elastic Object Storage (EOS) [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#china-mobile-ecloud-eos)
+  * Cloudflare R2 [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#cloudflare-r2)
+  * Arvan Cloud Object Storage (AOS) [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#arvan-cloud-object-storage-aos)
   * Citrix ShareFile [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/sharefile/)
   * DigitalOcean Spaces [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#digitalocean-spaces)
+  * Digi Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/koofr/#digi-storage)
   * Dreamhost [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#dreamhost)
   * Dropbox [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/dropbox/)
   * Enterprise File Fabric [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/filefabric/)
   * FTP [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/ftp/)
-  * GetSky [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/jottacloud/)
   * Google Cloud Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/googlecloudstorage/)
   * Google Drive [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/drive/)
   * Google Photos [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/googlephotos/)
   * HDFS (Hadoop Distributed Filesystem) [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/hdfs/)
+  * HiDrive [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/hidrive/)
   * HTTP [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/http/)
-  * Hubic [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/hubic/)
+  * Huawei Cloud Object Storage Service(OBS) [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#huawei-obs)
+  * Internet Archive [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/internetarchive/)
   * Jottacloud [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/jottacloud/)
   * IBM COS S3 [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#ibm-cos-s3)
+  * IONOS Cloud [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#ionos)
   * Koofr [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/koofr/)
+  * Liara Object Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#liara-object-storage)
   * Mail.ru Cloud [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/mailru/)
   * Memset Memstore [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/swift/)
   * Mega [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/mega/)
@@ -54,27 +63,45 @@ Rclone *("rsync for cloud storage")* is a command line program to sync files and
   * OpenDrive [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/opendrive/)
   * OpenStack Swift [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/swift/)
   * Oracle Cloud Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/swift/)
+  * Oracle Object Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/oracleobjectstorage/)
   * ownCloud [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/webdav/#owncloud)
   * pCloud [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/pcloud/)
   * premiumize.me [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/premiumizeme/)
   * put.io [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/putio/)
   * QingStor [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/qingstor/)
+  * Qiniu Cloud Object Storage (Kodo) [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#qiniu)
   * Rackspace Cloud Files [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/swift/)
+  * RackCorp Object Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#RackCorp)
   * Scaleway [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#scaleway)
   * Seafile [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/seafile/)
+  * SeaweedFS [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#seaweedfs)
   * SFTP [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/sftp/)
+  * SMB / CIFS [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/smb/)
   * StackPath [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#stackpath)
+  * Storj [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/storj/)
   * SugarSync [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/sugarsync/)
-  * Tardigrade [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/tardigrade/)
   * Tencent Cloud Object Storage (COS) [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#tencent-cos)
   * Wasabi [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#wasabi)
   * WebDAV [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/webdav/)
   * Yandex Disk [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/yandex/)
   * Zoho WorkDrive [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/zoho/)
   * The local filesystem [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/local/)
-  
+
 Please see [the full list of all storage providers and their features](https://rclone.org/overview/)
 
+### Virtual storage providers
+
+These backends adapt or modify other storage providers
+
+  * Alias: rename existing remotes [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/alias/)
+  * Cache: cache remotes (DEPRECATED) [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/cache/)
+  * Chunker: split large files [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/chunker/)
+  * Combine: combine multiple remotes into a directory tree [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/combine/)
+  * Compress: compress files [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/compress/)
+  * Crypt: encrypt files [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/crypt/)
+  * Hasher: hash files [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/hasher/)
+  * Union: join multiple remotes to work together [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/union/)
+
 ## Features
 
   * MD5/SHA-1 hashes checked at all times for file integrity
@@ -87,10 +114,9 @@ Please see [the full list of all storage providers and their features](https://r
   * Optional large file chunking ([Chunker](https://rclone.org/chunker/))
   * Optional transparent compression ([Compress](https://rclone.org/compress/))
   * Optional encryption ([Crypt](https://rclone.org/crypt/))
-  * Optional cache ([Cache](https://rclone.org/cache/))
   * Optional FUSE mount ([rclone mount](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/))
   * Multi-threaded downloads to local disk
-  * Can [serve](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/) local or remote files over HTTP/WebDav/FTP/SFTP/dlna
+  * Can [serve](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_serve/) local or remote files over HTTP/WebDAV/FTP/SFTP/DLNA
 
 ## Installation & documentation
 
@@ -111,5 +137,5 @@ Please see the [rclone website](https://rclone.org/) for:
 License
 -------
 
-This is free software under the terms of MIT the license (check the
+This is free software under the terms of the MIT license (check the
 [COPYING file](/COPYING) included in this package).

RELEASE.md

@@ -34,13 +34,32 @@ This file describes how to make the various kinds of releases
   * make startdev # make startstable for stable branch
   * # announce with forum post, twitter post, patreon post
 
+## Update dependencies
+
 Early in the next release cycle update the dependencies
 
   * Review any pinned packages in go.mod and remove if possible
-  * make update
-  * git status
-  * git add new files
+  * make updatedirect
+  * make
   * git commit -a -v
+  * make update
+  * make
+  * roll back any updates which didn't compile
+  * git commit -a -v --amend
+
+Note that `make update` updates all direct and indirect dependencies
+and there can occasionally be forwards compatibility problems with
+doing that so it may be necessary to roll back dependencies to the
+version specified by `make updatedirect` in order to get rclone to
+build.
+
+## Tidy beta
+
+At some point after the release run
+
+    bin/tidy-beta v1.55
+
+where the version number is that of a couple ago to remove old beta binaries.
 
 ## Making a point release
 
@@ -55,8 +74,7 @@ Set vars
 First make the release branch.  If this is a second point release then
 this will be done already.
 
-  * git branch ${BASE_TAG} ${BASE_TAG}-stable
-  * git co ${BASE_TAG}-stable
+  * git co -b ${BASE_TAG}-stable ${BASE_TAG}.0
   * make startstable
 
 Now

VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-v1.56.0
+v1.62.0

backend/alias/alias.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// Package alias implements a virtual provider to rename existing remotes.
 package alias
 
 import (
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@ func init() {
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "remote",
-			Help:     "Remote or path to alias.\nCan be \"myremote:path/to/dir\", \"myremote:bucket\", \"myremote:\" or \"/local/path\".",
+			Help:     "Remote or path to alias.\n\nCan be \"myremote:path/to/dir\", \"myremote:bucket\", \"myremote:\" or \"/local/path\".",
 			Required: true,
 		}},
 	}

backend/alias/alias_internal_test.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ var (
 )
 
 func prepare(t *testing.T, root string) {
-	configfile.LoadConfig(context.Background())
+	configfile.Install()
 
 	// Configure the remote
 	config.FileSet(remoteName, "type", "alias")

backend/all/all.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// Package all imports all the backends
 package all
 
 import (
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/box"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/cache"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/chunker"
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/combine"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/compress"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/crypt"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/drive"
@@ -18,17 +20,21 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/ftp"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/googlecloudstorage"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/googlephotos"
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/hasher"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/hdfs"
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/hidrive"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/http"
-	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/hubic"
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/internetarchive"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/jottacloud"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/koofr"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/local"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/mailru"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/mega"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/memory"
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/netstorage"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/onedrive"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/opendrive"
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/oracleobjectstorage"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/pcloud"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/premiumizeme"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/putio"
@@ -37,9 +43,11 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/seafile"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/sftp"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/sharefile"
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/sia"
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/smb"
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/storj"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/sugarsync"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/swift"
-	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/tardigrade"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/union"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/uptobox"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/webdav"

backend/amazonclouddrive/amazonclouddrive.go

@@ -14,16 +14,15 @@ we ignore assets completely!
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"path"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	acd "github.com/ncw/go-acd"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
@@ -70,11 +69,10 @@ func init() {
 		Prefix:      "acd",
 		Description: "Amazon Drive",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
-		Config: func(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper) {
-			err := oauthutil.Config(ctx, "amazon cloud drive", name, m, acdConfig, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Fatalf("Failed to configure token: %v", err)
-			}
+		Config: func(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper, config fs.ConfigIn) (*fs.ConfigOut, error) {
+			return oauthutil.ConfigOut("", &oauthutil.Options{
+				OAuth2Config: acdConfig,
+			})
 		},
 		Options: append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "checkpoint",
@@ -83,16 +81,16 @@ func init() {
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "upload_wait_per_gb",
-			Help: `Additional time per GB to wait after a failed complete upload to see if it appears.
+			Help: `Additional time per GiB to wait after a failed complete upload to see if it appears.
 
 Sometimes Amazon Drive gives an error when a file has been fully
 uploaded but the file appears anyway after a little while.  This
-happens sometimes for files over 1GB in size and nearly every time for
-files bigger than 10GB. This parameter controls the time rclone waits
+happens sometimes for files over 1 GiB in size and nearly every time for
+files bigger than 10 GiB. This parameter controls the time rclone waits
 for the file to appear.
 
-The default value for this parameter is 3 minutes per GB, so by
-default it will wait 3 minutes for every GB uploaded to see if the
+The default value for this parameter is 3 minutes per GiB, so by
+default it will wait 3 minutes for every GiB uploaded to see if the
 file appears.
 
 You can disable this feature by setting it to 0. This may cause
@@ -112,7 +110,7 @@ in this situation.`,
 
 Files this size or more will be downloaded via their "tempLink". This
 is to work around a problem with Amazon Drive which blocks downloads
-of files bigger than about 10GB.  The default for this is 9GB which
+of files bigger than about 10 GiB. The default for this is 9 GiB which
 shouldn't need to be changed.
 
 To download files above this threshold, rclone requests a "tempLink"
@@ -261,7 +259,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	}
 	oAuthClient, ts, err := oauthutil.NewClientWithBaseClient(ctx, name, m, acdConfig, baseClient)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to configure Amazon Drive")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure Amazon Drive: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	c := acd.NewClient(oAuthClient)
@@ -294,13 +292,13 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get endpoints")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get endpoints: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Get rootID
 	rootInfo, err := f.getRootInfo(ctx)
 	if err != nil || rootInfo.Id == nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get root")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get root: %w", err)
 	}
 	f.trueRootID = *rootInfo.Id
 
@@ -437,7 +435,7 @@ func (f *Fs) listAll(ctx context.Context, dirID string, title string, directorie
 		query += " AND kind:" + folderKind
 	} else if filesOnly {
 		query += " AND kind:" + fileKind
-	} else {
+		//} else {
 		// FIXME none of these work
 		//query += " AND kind:(" + fileKind + " OR " + folderKind + ")"
 		//query += " AND (kind:" + fileKind + " OR kind:" + folderKind + ")"
@@ -558,9 +556,9 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 //
 // This is a workaround for Amazon sometimes returning
 //
-//  * 408 REQUEST_TIMEOUT
-//  * 504 GATEWAY_TIMEOUT
-//  * 500 Internal server error
+//   - 408 REQUEST_TIMEOUT
+//   - 504 GATEWAY_TIMEOUT
+//   - 500 Internal server error
 //
 // At the end of large uploads.  The speculation is that the timeout
 // is waiting for the sha1 hashing to complete and the file may well
@@ -628,7 +626,7 @@ func (f *Fs) checkUpload(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, in io.Reader,
 
 // Put the object into the container
 //
-// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned
+// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned.
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
@@ -687,9 +685,9 @@ func (f *Fs) Mkdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 
 // Move src to this remote using server-side move operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -1004,7 +1002,6 @@ func (o *Object) readMetaData(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 
 // ModTime returns the modification time of the object
 //
-//
 // It attempts to read the objects mtime and if that isn't present the
 // LastModified returned in the http headers
 func (o *Object) ModTime(ctx context.Context) time.Time {

backend/amazonclouddrive/amazonclouddrive_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Test AmazonCloudDrive filesystem interface
 
+//go:build acd
 // +build acd
 
 package amazonclouddrive_test

backend/azureblob/azureblob_internal_test.go

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-// +build !plan9,!solaris,!js,go1.14
+//go:build !plan9 && !solaris && !js && go1.18
+// +build !plan9,!solaris,!js,go1.18
 
 package azureblob
 

backend/azureblob/azureblob_test.go

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 // Test AzureBlob filesystem interface
 
-// +build !plan9,!solaris,!js,go1.14
+//go:build !plan9 && !solaris && !js && go1.18
+// +build !plan9,!solaris,!js,go1.18
 
 package azureblob
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 		NilObject:   (*Object)(nil),
 		TiersToTest: []string{"Hot", "Cool"},
 		ChunkedUpload: fstests.ChunkedUploadConfig{
-			MaxChunkSize: maxChunkSize,
+			MinChunkSize: defaultChunkSize,
 		},
 	})
 }
@@ -33,32 +33,24 @@ var (
 	_ fstests.SetUploadChunkSizer = (*Fs)(nil)
 )
 
-// TestServicePrincipalFileSuccess checks that, given a proper JSON file, we can create a token.
-func TestServicePrincipalFileSuccess(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.TODO()
-	credentials := `
-{
-    "appId": "my application (client) ID",
-    "password": "my secret",
-    "tenant": "my active directory tenant ID"
-}
-`
-	tokenRefresher, err := newServicePrincipalTokenRefresher(ctx, []byte(credentials))
-	if assert.NoError(t, err) {
-		assert.NotNil(t, tokenRefresher)
+func TestValidateAccessTier(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := map[string]struct {
+		accessTier string
+		want       bool
+	}{
+		"hot":     {"hot", true},
+		"HOT":     {"HOT", true},
+		"Hot":     {"Hot", true},
+		"cool":    {"cool", true},
+		"archive": {"archive", true},
+		"empty":   {"", false},
+		"unknown": {"unknown", false},
+	}
+
+	for name, test := range tests {
+		t.Run(name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := validateAccessTier(test.accessTier)
+			assert.Equal(t, test.want, got)
+		})
 	}
 }
-
-// TestServicePrincipalFileFailure checks that, given a JSON file with a missing secret, it returns an error.
-func TestServicePrincipalFileFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.TODO()
-	credentials := `
-{
-    "appId": "my application (client) ID",
-    "tenant": "my active directory tenant ID"
-}
-`
-	_, err := newServicePrincipalTokenRefresher(ctx, []byte(credentials))
-	assert.Error(t, err)
-	assert.EqualError(t, err, "error creating service principal token: parameter 'secret' cannot be empty")
-}

backend/azureblob/azureblob_unsupported.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Build for azureblob for unsupported platforms to stop go complaining
 // about "no buildable Go source files "
 
-// +build plan9 solaris js !go1.14
+//go:build plan9 || solaris || js || !go1.18
+// +build plan9 solaris js !go1.18
 
 package azureblob

backend/azureblob/imds.go

@@ -1,137 +0,0 @@
-// +build !plan9,!solaris,!js,go1.14
-
-package azureblob
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"net/http"
-
-	"github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/adal"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fshttp"
-)
-
-const (
-	azureResource      = "https://storage.azure.com"
-	imdsAPIVersion     = "2018-02-01"
-	msiEndpointDefault = "http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/oauth2/token"
-)
-
-// This custom type is used to add the port the test server has bound to
-// to the request context.
-type testPortKey string
-
-type msiIdentifierType int
-
-const (
-	msiClientID msiIdentifierType = iota
-	msiObjectID
-	msiResourceID
-)
-
-type userMSI struct {
-	Type  msiIdentifierType
-	Value string
-}
-
-type httpError struct {
-	Response *http.Response
-}
-
-func (e httpError) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("HTTP error %v (%v)", e.Response.StatusCode, e.Response.Status)
-}
-
-// GetMSIToken attempts to obtain an MSI token from the Azure Instance
-// Metadata Service.
-func GetMSIToken(ctx context.Context, identity *userMSI) (adal.Token, error) {
-	// Attempt to get an MSI token; silently continue if unsuccessful.
-	// This code has been lovingly stolen from azcopy's OAuthTokenManager.
-	result := adal.Token{}
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", msiEndpointDefault, nil)
-	if err != nil {
-		fs.Debugf(nil, "Failed to create request: %v", err)
-		return result, err
-	}
-	params := req.URL.Query()
-	params.Set("resource", azureResource)
-	params.Set("api-version", imdsAPIVersion)
-
-	// Specify user-assigned identity if requested.
-	if identity != nil {
-		switch identity.Type {
-		case msiClientID:
-			params.Set("client_id", identity.Value)
-		case msiObjectID:
-			params.Set("object_id", identity.Value)
-		case msiResourceID:
-			params.Set("mi_res_id", identity.Value)
-		default:
-			// If this happens, the calling function and this one don't agree on
-			// what valid ID types exist.
-			return result, fmt.Errorf("unknown MSI identity type specified")
-		}
-	}
-	req.URL.RawQuery = params.Encode()
-
-	// The Metadata header is required by all calls to IMDS.
-	req.Header.Set("Metadata", "true")
-
-	// If this function is run in a test, query the test server instead of IMDS.
-	testPort, isTest := ctx.Value(testPortKey("testPort")).(int)
-	if isTest {
-		req.URL.Host = fmt.Sprintf("localhost:%d", testPort)
-		req.Host = req.URL.Host
-	}
-
-	// Send request
-	httpClient := fshttp.NewClient(ctx)
-	resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return result, errors.Wrap(err, "MSI is not enabled on this VM")
-	}
-	defer func() { // resp and Body should not be nil
-		_, err = io.Copy(ioutil.Discard, resp.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			fs.Debugf(nil, "Unable to drain IMDS response: %v", err)
-		}
-		err = resp.Body.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			fs.Debugf(nil, "Unable to close IMDS response: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-	// Check if the status code indicates success
-	// The request returns 200 currently, add 201 and 202 as well for possible extension.
-	switch resp.StatusCode {
-	case 200, 201, 202:
-		break
-	default:
-		body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		fs.Errorf(nil, "Couldn't obtain OAuth token from IMDS; server returned status code %d and body: %v", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
-		return result, httpError{Response: resp}
-	}
-
-	b, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return result, errors.Wrap(err, "Couldn't read IMDS response")
-	}
-	// Remove BOM, if any. azcopy does this so I'm following along.
-	b = bytes.TrimPrefix(b, []byte("\xef\xbb\xbf"))
-
-	// This would be a good place to persist the token if a large number of rclone
-	// invocations are being made in a short amount of time. If the token is
-	// persisted, the azureblob code will need to check for expiry before every
-	// storage API call.
-	err = json.Unmarshal(b, &result)
-	if err != nil {
-		return result, errors.Wrap(err, "Couldn't unmarshal IMDS response")
-	}
-
-	return result, nil
-}

backend/azureblob/imds_test.go

@@ -1,117 +0,0 @@
-// +build !plan9,!solaris,!js,go1.14
-
-package azureblob
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/Azure/go-autorest/autorest/adal"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func handler(t *testing.T, actual *map[string]string) http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		err := r.ParseForm()
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		parameters := r.URL.Query()
-		(*actual)["path"] = r.URL.Path
-		(*actual)["Metadata"] = r.Header.Get("Metadata")
-		(*actual)["method"] = r.Method
-		for paramName := range parameters {
-			(*actual)[paramName] = parameters.Get(paramName)
-		}
-		// Make response.
-		response := adal.Token{}
-		responseBytes, err := json.Marshal(response)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		_, err = w.Write(responseBytes)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestManagedIdentity(t *testing.T) {
-	// test user-assigned identity specifiers to use
-	testMSIClientID := "d859b29f-5c9c-42f8-a327-ec1bc6408d79"
-	testMSIObjectID := "9ffeb650-3ca0-4278-962b-5a38d520591a"
-	testMSIResourceID := "/subscriptions/fe714c49-b8a4-4d49-9388-96a20daa318f/resourceGroups/somerg/providers/Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities/someidentity"
-	tests := []struct {
-		identity              *userMSI
-		identityParameterName string
-		expectedAbsent        []string
-	}{
-		{&userMSI{msiClientID, testMSIClientID}, "client_id", []string{"object_id", "mi_res_id"}},
-		{&userMSI{msiObjectID, testMSIObjectID}, "object_id", []string{"client_id", "mi_res_id"}},
-		{&userMSI{msiResourceID, testMSIResourceID}, "mi_res_id", []string{"object_id", "client_id"}},
-		{nil, "(default)", []string{"object_id", "client_id", "mi_res_id"}},
-	}
-	alwaysExpected := map[string]string{
-		"path":        "/metadata/identity/oauth2/token",
-		"resource":    "https://storage.azure.com",
-		"Metadata":    "true",
-		"api-version": "2018-02-01",
-		"method":      "GET",
-	}
-	for _, test := range tests {
-		actual := make(map[string]string, 10)
-		testServer := httptest.NewServer(handler(t, &actual))
-		defer testServer.Close()
-		testServerPort, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.Split(testServer.URL, ":")[2])
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		ctx := context.WithValue(context.TODO(), testPortKey("testPort"), testServerPort)
-		_, err = GetMSIToken(ctx, test.identity)
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-
-		// Validate expected query parameters present
-		expected := make(map[string]string)
-		for k, v := range alwaysExpected {
-			expected[k] = v
-		}
-		if test.identity != nil {
-			expected[test.identityParameterName] = test.identity.Value
-		}
-
-		for key := range expected {
-			value, exists := actual[key]
-			if assert.Truef(t, exists, "test of %s: query parameter %s was not passed",
-				test.identityParameterName, key) {
-				assert.Equalf(t, expected[key], value,
-					"test of %s: parameter %s has incorrect value", test.identityParameterName, key)
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Validate unexpected query parameters absent
-		for _, key := range test.expectedAbsent {
-			_, exists := actual[key]
-			assert.Falsef(t, exists, "query parameter %s was unexpectedly passed")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func errorHandler(resultCode int) http.HandlerFunc {
-	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		http.Error(w, "Test error generated", resultCode)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestIMDSErrors(t *testing.T) {
-	errorCodes := []int{404, 429, 500}
-	for _, code := range errorCodes {
-		testServer := httptest.NewServer(errorHandler(code))
-		defer testServer.Close()
-		testServerPort, err := strconv.Atoi(strings.Split(testServer.URL, ":")[2])
-		require.NoError(t, err)
-		ctx := context.WithValue(context.TODO(), testPortKey("testPort"), testServerPort)
-		_, err = GetMSIToken(ctx, nil)
-		require.Error(t, err)
-		httpErr, ok := err.(httpError)
-		require.Truef(t, ok, "HTTP error %d did not result in an httpError object", code)
-		assert.Equalf(t, httpErr.Response.StatusCode, code, "desired error %d but didn't get it", code)
-	}
-}

backend/b2/api/types.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// Package api provides types used by the Backblaze B2 API.
 package api
 
 import (
@@ -238,7 +239,7 @@ type GetFileInfoRequest struct {
 // If the original source of the file being uploaded has a last
 // modified time concept, Backblaze recommends using
 // src_last_modified_millis as the name, and a string holding the base
-// 10 number number of milliseconds since midnight, January 1, 1970
+// 10 number of milliseconds since midnight, January 1, 1970
 // UTC. This fits in a 64 bit integer such as the type "long" in the
 // programming language Java. It is intended to be compatible with
 // Java's time long. For example, it can be passed directly into the

backend/b2/b2.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// Package b2 provides an interface to the Backblaze B2 object storage system
+// Package b2 provides an interface to the Backblaze B2 object storage system.
 package b2
 
 // FIXME should we remove sha1 checks from here as rclone now supports
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/sha1"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	gohash "hash"
 	"io"
@@ -19,7 +20,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/b2/api"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
@@ -54,17 +54,18 @@ const (
 	decayConstant       = 1 // bigger for slower decay, exponential
 	maxParts            = 10000
 	maxVersions         = 100 // maximum number of versions we search in --b2-versions mode
-	minChunkSize        = 5 * fs.MebiByte
-	defaultChunkSize    = 96 * fs.MebiByte
-	defaultUploadCutoff = 200 * fs.MebiByte
-	largeFileCopyCutoff = 4 * fs.GibiByte          // 5E9 is the max
+	minChunkSize        = 5 * fs.Mebi
+	defaultChunkSize    = 96 * fs.Mebi
+	defaultUploadCutoff = 200 * fs.Mebi
+	largeFileCopyCutoff = 4 * fs.Gibi              // 5E9 is the max
 	memoryPoolFlushTime = fs.Duration(time.Minute) // flush the cached buffers after this long
 	memoryPoolUseMmap   = false
 )
 
 // Globals
 var (
-	errNotWithVersions = errors.New("can't modify or delete files in --b2-versions mode")
+	errNotWithVersions  = errors.New("can't modify or delete files in --b2-versions mode")
+	errNotWithVersionAt = errors.New("can't modify or delete files in --b2-version-at mode")
 )
 
 // Register with Fs
@@ -75,15 +76,15 @@ func init() {
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "account",
-			Help:     "Account ID or Application Key ID",
+			Help:     "Account ID or Application Key ID.",
 			Required: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "key",
-			Help:     "Application Key",
+			Help:     "Application Key.",
 			Required: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "endpoint",
-			Help:     "Endpoint for the service.\nLeave blank normally.",
+			Help:     "Endpoint for the service.\n\nLeave blank normally.",
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "test_mode",
@@ -103,9 +104,14 @@ in the [b2 integrations checklist](https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/integration
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "versions",
-			Help:     "Include old versions in directory listings.\nNote that when using this no file write operations are permitted,\nso you can't upload files or delete them.",
+			Help:     "Include old versions in directory listings.\n\nNote that when using this no file write operations are permitted,\nso you can't upload files or delete them.",
 			Default:  false,
 			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:     "version_at",
+			Help:     "Show file versions as they were at the specified time.\n\nNote that when using this no file write operations are permitted,\nso you can't upload files or delete them.",
+			Default:  fs.Time{},
+			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "hard_delete",
 			Help:    "Permanently delete files on remote removal, otherwise hide files.",
@@ -116,32 +122,34 @@ in the [b2 integrations checklist](https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/integration
 
 Files above this size will be uploaded in chunks of "--b2-chunk-size".
 
-This value should be set no larger than 4.657GiB (== 5GB).`,
+This value should be set no larger than 4.657 GiB (== 5 GB).`,
 			Default:  defaultUploadCutoff,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "copy_cutoff",
-			Help: `Cutoff for switching to multipart copy
+			Help: `Cutoff for switching to multipart copy.
 
 Any files larger than this that need to be server-side copied will be
 copied in chunks of this size.
 
-The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 4.6GB.`,
+The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 4.6 GiB.`,
 			Default:  largeFileCopyCutoff,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "chunk_size",
-			Help: `Upload chunk size. Must fit in memory.
+			Help: `Upload chunk size.
 
-When uploading large files, chunk the file into this size.  Note that
-these chunks are buffered in memory and there might a maximum of
-"--transfers" chunks in progress at once.  5,000,000 Bytes is the
-minimum size.`,
+When uploading large files, chunk the file into this size.
+
+Must fit in memory. These chunks are buffered in memory and there
+might a maximum of "--transfers" chunks in progress at once.
+
+5,000,000 Bytes is the minimum size.`,
 			Default:  defaultChunkSize,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "disable_checksum",
-			Help: `Disable checksums for large (> upload cutoff) files
+			Help: `Disable checksums for large (> upload cutoff) files.
 
 Normally rclone will calculate the SHA1 checksum of the input before
 uploading it so it can add it to metadata on the object. This is great
@@ -158,7 +166,15 @@ free egress for data downloaded through the Cloudflare network.
 Rclone works with private buckets by sending an "Authorization" header.
 If the custom endpoint rewrites the requests for authentication,
 e.g., in Cloudflare Workers, this header needs to be handled properly.
-Leave blank if you want to use the endpoint provided by Backblaze.`,
+Leave blank if you want to use the endpoint provided by Backblaze.
+
+The URL provided here SHOULD have the protocol and SHOULD NOT have
+a trailing slash or specify the /file/bucket subpath as rclone will
+request files with "{download_url}/file/{bucket_name}/{path}".
+
+Example:
+> https://mysubdomain.mydomain.tld
+(No trailing "/", "file" or "bucket")`,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "download_auth_duration",
@@ -201,6 +217,7 @@ type Options struct {
 	Endpoint                      string               `config:"endpoint"`
 	TestMode                      string               `config:"test_mode"`
 	Versions                      bool                 `config:"versions"`
+	VersionAt                     fs.Time              `config:"version_at"`
 	HardDelete                    bool                 `config:"hard_delete"`
 	UploadCutoff                  fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"upload_cutoff"`
 	CopyCutoff                    fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"copy_cutoff"`
@@ -263,7 +280,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Root() string {
 // String converts this Fs to a string
 func (f *Fs) String() string {
 	if f.rootBucket == "" {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("B2 root")
+		return "B2 root"
 	}
 	if f.rootDirectory == "" {
 		return fmt.Sprintf("B2 bucket %s", f.rootBucket)
@@ -364,7 +381,7 @@ func errorHandler(resp *http.Response) error {
 
 func checkUploadChunkSize(cs fs.SizeSuffix) error {
 	if cs < minChunkSize {
-		return errors.Errorf("%s is less than %s", cs, minChunkSize)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is less than %s", cs, minChunkSize)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -379,7 +396,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setUploadChunkSize(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (old fs.SizeSuffix, err error)
 
 func checkUploadCutoff(opt *Options, cs fs.SizeSuffix) error {
 	if cs < opt.ChunkSize {
-		return errors.Errorf("%v is less than chunk size %v", cs, opt.ChunkSize)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%v is less than chunk size %v", cs, opt.ChunkSize)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -412,11 +429,11 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	}
 	err = checkUploadCutoff(opt, opt.UploadCutoff)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "b2: upload cutoff")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("b2: upload cutoff: %w", err)
 	}
 	err = checkUploadChunkSize(opt.ChunkSize)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "b2: chunk size")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("b2: chunk size: %w", err)
 	}
 	if opt.Account == "" {
 		return nil, errors.New("account not found")
@@ -461,7 +478,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	}
 	err = f.authorizeAccount(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to authorize account")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to authorize account: %w", err)
 	}
 	// If this is a key limited to a single bucket, it must exist already
 	if f.rootBucket != "" && f.info.Allowed.BucketID != "" {
@@ -470,7 +487,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 			return nil, errors.New("bucket that application key is restricted to no longer exists")
 		}
 		if allowedBucket != f.rootBucket {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("you must use bucket %q with this application key", allowedBucket)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("you must use bucket %q with this application key", allowedBucket)
 		}
 		f.cache.MarkOK(f.rootBucket)
 		f.setBucketID(f.rootBucket, f.info.Allowed.BucketID)
@@ -510,7 +527,7 @@ func (f *Fs) authorizeAccount(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return f.shouldRetryNoReauth(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to authenticate")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to authenticate: %w", err)
 	}
 	f.srv.SetRoot(f.info.APIURL+"/b2api/v1").SetHeader("Authorization", f.info.AuthorizationToken)
 	return nil
@@ -556,7 +573,7 @@ func (f *Fs) getUploadURL(ctx context.Context, bucket string) (upload *api.GetUp
 		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get upload URL")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get upload URL: %w", err)
 	}
 	return upload, nil
 }
@@ -639,15 +656,15 @@ var errEndList = errors.New("end list")
 //
 // (bucket, directory) is the starting directory
 //
-// If prefix is set then it is removed from all file names
+// If prefix is set then it is removed from all file names.
 //
 // If addBucket is set then it adds the bucket to the start of the
-// remotes generated
+// remotes generated.
 //
-// If recurse is set the function will recursively list
+// If recurse is set the function will recursively list.
 //
 // If limit is > 0 then it limits to that many files (must be less
-// than 1000)
+// than 1000).
 //
 // If hidden is set then it will list the hidden (deleted) files too.
 //
@@ -686,9 +703,12 @@ func (f *Fs) list(ctx context.Context, bucket, directory, prefix string, addBuck
 		Method: "POST",
 		Path:   "/b2_list_file_names",
 	}
-	if hidden {
+	if hidden || f.opt.VersionAt.IsSet() {
 		opts.Path = "/b2_list_file_versions"
 	}
+
+	lastFileName := ""
+
 	for {
 		var response api.ListFileNamesResponse
 		err := f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
@@ -718,7 +738,21 @@ func (f *Fs) list(ctx context.Context, bucket, directory, prefix string, addBuck
 			if addBucket {
 				remote = path.Join(bucket, remote)
 			}
+
+			if f.opt.VersionAt.IsSet() {
+				if time.Time(file.UploadTimestamp).After(time.Time(f.opt.VersionAt)) {
+					// Ignore versions that were created after the specified time
+					continue
+				}
+
+				if file.Name == lastFileName {
+					// Ignore versions before the already returned version
+					continue
+				}
+			}
+
 			// Send object
+			lastFileName = file.Name
 			err = fn(remote, file, isDirectory)
 			if err != nil {
 				if err == errEndList {
@@ -991,7 +1025,7 @@ func (f *Fs) clearBucketID(bucket string) {
 
 // Put the object into the bucket
 //
-// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned
+// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned.
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
@@ -1046,7 +1080,7 @@ func (f *Fs) makeBucket(ctx context.Context, bucket string) error {
 					}
 				}
 			}
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create bucket")
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create bucket: %w", err)
 		}
 		f.setBucketID(bucket, response.ID)
 		f.setBucketType(bucket, response.Type)
@@ -1081,7 +1115,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Rmdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 			return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to delete bucket")
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete bucket: %w", err)
 		}
 		f.clearBucketID(bucket)
 		f.clearBucketType(bucket)
@@ -1122,7 +1156,7 @@ func (f *Fs) hide(ctx context.Context, bucket, bucketPath string) error {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to hide %q", bucketPath)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to hide %q: %w", bucketPath, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1143,7 +1177,7 @@ func (f *Fs) deleteByID(ctx context.Context, ID, Name string) error {
 		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to delete %q", Name)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete %q: %w", Name, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1171,10 +1205,7 @@ func (f *Fs) purge(ctx context.Context, dir string, oldOnly bool) error {
 		}
 	}
 	var isUnfinishedUploadStale = func(timestamp api.Timestamp) bool {
-		if time.Since(time.Time(timestamp)).Hours() > 24 {
-			return true
-		}
-		return false
+		return time.Since(time.Time(timestamp)).Hours() > 24
 	}
 
 	// Delete Config.Transfers in parallel
@@ -1190,7 +1221,7 @@ func (f *Fs) purge(ctx context.Context, dir string, oldOnly bool) error {
 					fs.Errorf(object.Name, "Can't create object %v", err)
 					continue
 				}
-				tr := accounting.Stats(ctx).NewCheckingTransfer(oi)
+				tr := accounting.Stats(ctx).NewCheckingTransfer(oi, "deleting")
 				err = f.deleteByID(ctx, object.ID, object.Name)
 				checkErr(err)
 				tr.Done(ctx, err)
@@ -1204,7 +1235,7 @@ func (f *Fs) purge(ctx context.Context, dir string, oldOnly bool) error {
 			if err != nil {
 				fs.Errorf(object, "Can't create object %+v", err)
 			}
-			tr := accounting.Stats(ctx).NewCheckingTransfer(oi)
+			tr := accounting.Stats(ctx).NewCheckingTransfer(oi, "checking")
 			if oldOnly && last != remote {
 				// Check current version of the file
 				if object.Action == "hide" {
@@ -1303,9 +1334,9 @@ func (f *Fs) copy(ctx context.Context, dstObj *Object, srcObj *Object, newInfo *
 
 // Copy src to this remote using server-side copy operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -1362,7 +1393,7 @@ func (f *Fs) getDownloadAuthorization(ctx context.Context, bucket, remote string
 		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get download authorization")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get download authorization: %w", err)
 	}
 	return response.AuthorizationToken, nil
 }
@@ -1447,26 +1478,23 @@ func (o *Object) Size() int64 {
 
 // Clean the SHA1
 //
-// Make sure it is lower case
+// Make sure it is lower case.
 //
 // Remove unverified prefix - see https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/uploading.html
 // Some tools (e.g. Cyberduck) use this
-func cleanSHA1(sha1 string) (out string) {
-	out = strings.ToLower(sha1)
+func cleanSHA1(sha1 string) string {
 	const unverified = "unverified:"
-	if strings.HasPrefix(out, unverified) {
-		out = out[len(unverified):]
-	}
-	return out
+	return strings.TrimPrefix(strings.ToLower(sha1), unverified)
 }
 
 // decodeMetaDataRaw sets the metadata from the data passed in
 //
 // Sets
-//  o.id
-//  o.modTime
-//  o.size
-//  o.sha1
+//
+//	o.id
+//	o.modTime
+//	o.size
+//	o.sha1
 func (o *Object) decodeMetaDataRaw(ID, SHA1 string, Size int64, UploadTimestamp api.Timestamp, Info map[string]string, mimeType string) (err error) {
 	o.id = ID
 	o.sha1 = SHA1
@@ -1485,10 +1513,11 @@ func (o *Object) decodeMetaDataRaw(ID, SHA1 string, Size int64, UploadTimestamp
 // decodeMetaData sets the metadata in the object from an api.File
 //
 // Sets
-//  o.id
-//  o.modTime
-//  o.size
-//  o.sha1
+//
+//	o.id
+//	o.modTime
+//	o.size
+//	o.sha1
 func (o *Object) decodeMetaData(info *api.File) (err error) {
 	return o.decodeMetaDataRaw(info.ID, info.SHA1, info.Size, info.UploadTimestamp, info.Info, info.ContentType)
 }
@@ -1496,10 +1525,11 @@ func (o *Object) decodeMetaData(info *api.File) (err error) {
 // decodeMetaDataFileInfo sets the metadata in the object from an api.FileInfo
 //
 // Sets
-//  o.id
-//  o.modTime
-//  o.size
-//  o.sha1
+//
+//	o.id
+//	o.modTime
+//	o.size
+//	o.sha1
 func (o *Object) decodeMetaDataFileInfo(info *api.FileInfo) (err error) {
 	return o.decodeMetaDataRaw(info.ID, info.SHA1, info.Size, info.UploadTimestamp, info.Info, info.ContentType)
 }
@@ -1557,10 +1587,11 @@ func (o *Object) getMetaData(ctx context.Context) (info *api.File, err error) {
 // readMetaData gets the metadata if it hasn't already been fetched
 //
 // Sets
-//  o.id
-//  o.modTime
-//  o.size
-//  o.sha1
+//
+//	o.id
+//	o.modTime
+//	o.size
+//	o.sha1
 func (o *Object) readMetaData(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	if o.id != "" {
 		return nil
@@ -1667,14 +1698,14 @@ func (file *openFile) Close() (err error) {
 
 	// Check to see we read the correct number of bytes
 	if file.o.Size() != file.bytes {
-		return errors.Errorf("object corrupted on transfer - length mismatch (want %d got %d)", file.o.Size(), file.bytes)
+		return fmt.Errorf("object corrupted on transfer - length mismatch (want %d got %d)", file.o.Size(), file.bytes)
 	}
 
 	// Check the SHA1
 	receivedSHA1 := file.o.sha1
 	calculatedSHA1 := fmt.Sprintf("%x", file.hash.Sum(nil))
 	if receivedSHA1 != "" && receivedSHA1 != calculatedSHA1 {
-		return errors.Errorf("object corrupted on transfer - SHA1 mismatch (want %q got %q)", receivedSHA1, calculatedSHA1)
+		return fmt.Errorf("object corrupted on transfer - SHA1 mismatch (want %q got %q)", receivedSHA1, calculatedSHA1)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -1714,7 +1745,7 @@ func (o *Object) getOrHead(ctx context.Context, method string, options []fs.Open
 		if resp != nil && (resp.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound || resp.StatusCode == http.StatusBadRequest) {
 			return nil, nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
 		}
-		return nil, nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to %s for download", method)
+		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to %s for download: %w", method, err)
 	}
 
 	// NB resp may be Open here - don't return err != nil without closing
@@ -1818,6 +1849,9 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	if o.fs.opt.Versions {
 		return errNotWithVersions
 	}
+	if o.fs.opt.VersionAt.IsSet() {
+		return errNotWithVersionAt
+	}
 	size := src.Size()
 
 	bucket, bucketPath := o.split()
@@ -1973,6 +2007,9 @@ func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if o.fs.opt.Versions {
 		return errNotWithVersions
 	}
+	if o.fs.opt.VersionAt.IsSet() {
+		return errNotWithVersionAt
+	}
 	if o.fs.opt.HardDelete {
 		return o.fs.deleteByID(ctx, o.id, bucketPath)
 	}

backend/b2/upload.go

@@ -14,13 +14,15 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/b2/api"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/chunksize"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/atexit"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pool"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest"
 	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )
@@ -89,21 +91,19 @@ type largeUpload struct {
 // newLargeUpload starts an upload of object o from in with metadata in src
 //
 // If newInfo is set then metadata from that will be used instead of reading it from src
-func (f *Fs) newLargeUpload(ctx context.Context, o *Object, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, chunkSize fs.SizeSuffix, doCopy bool, newInfo *api.File) (up *largeUpload, err error) {
-	remote := o.remote
+func (f *Fs) newLargeUpload(ctx context.Context, o *Object, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, defaultChunkSize fs.SizeSuffix, doCopy bool, newInfo *api.File) (up *largeUpload, err error) {
 	size := src.Size()
 	parts := int64(0)
 	sha1SliceSize := int64(maxParts)
+	chunkSize := defaultChunkSize
 	if size == -1 {
 		fs.Debugf(o, "Streaming upload with --b2-chunk-size %s allows uploads of up to %s and will fail only when that limit is reached.", f.opt.ChunkSize, maxParts*f.opt.ChunkSize)
 	} else {
+		chunkSize = chunksize.Calculator(o, size, maxParts, defaultChunkSize)
 		parts = size / int64(chunkSize)
 		if size%int64(chunkSize) != 0 {
 			parts++
 		}
-		if parts > maxParts {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("%q too big (%d bytes) makes too many parts %d > %d - increase --b2-chunk-size", remote, size, parts, maxParts)
-		}
 		sha1SliceSize = parts
 	}
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ func (up *largeUpload) getUploadURL(ctx context.Context) (upload *api.GetUploadP
 			return up.f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get upload URL")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get upload URL: %w", err)
 		}
 	} else {
 		upload, up.uploads = up.uploads[0], up.uploads[1:]
@@ -230,14 +230,14 @@ func (up *largeUpload) transferChunk(ctx context.Context, part int64, body []byt
 		//
 		// The number of bytes in the file being uploaded. Note that
 		// this header is required; you cannot leave it out and just
-		// use chunked encoding.  The minimum size of every part but
-		// the last one is 100MB.
+		// use chunked encoding. The minimum size of every part but
+		// the last one is 100 MB (100,000,000 bytes)
 		//
 		// X-Bz-Content-Sha1
 		//
 		// The SHA1 checksum of the this part of the file. B2 will
 		// check this when the part is uploaded, to make sure that the
-		// data arrived correctly.  The same SHA1 checksum must be
+		// data arrived correctly. The same SHA1 checksum must be
 		// passed to b2_finish_large_file.
 		opts := rest.Opts{
 			Method:  "POST",
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ func (up *largeUpload) Stream(ctx context.Context, initialUploadBlock []byte) (e
 			up.size += int64(n)
 			if part > maxParts {
 				up.f.putBuf(buf, false)
-				return errors.Errorf("%q too big (%d bytes so far) makes too many parts %d > %d - increase --b2-chunk-size", up.o, up.size, up.parts, maxParts)
+				return fmt.Errorf("%q too big (%d bytes so far) makes too many parts %d > %d - increase --b2-chunk-size", up.o, up.size, up.parts, maxParts)
 			}
 
 			part := part // for the closure
@@ -430,18 +430,47 @@ func (up *largeUpload) Upload(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	defer atexit.OnError(&err, func() { _ = up.cancel(ctx) })()
 	fs.Debugf(up.o, "Starting %s of large file in %d chunks (id %q)", up.what, up.parts, up.id)
 	var (
-		g, gCtx   = errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
-		remaining = up.size
+		g, gCtx    = errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+		remaining  = up.size
+		uploadPool *pool.Pool
+		ci         = fs.GetConfig(ctx)
 	)
+	// If using large chunk size then make a temporary pool
+	if up.chunkSize <= int64(up.f.opt.ChunkSize) {
+		uploadPool = up.f.pool
+	} else {
+		uploadPool = pool.New(
+			time.Duration(up.f.opt.MemoryPoolFlushTime),
+			int(up.chunkSize),
+			ci.Transfers,
+			up.f.opt.MemoryPoolUseMmap,
+		)
+		defer uploadPool.Flush()
+	}
+	// Get an upload token and a buffer
+	getBuf := func() (buf []byte) {
+		up.f.getBuf(true)
+		if !up.doCopy {
+			buf = uploadPool.Get()
+		}
+		return buf
+	}
+	// Put an upload token and a buffer
+	putBuf := func(buf []byte) {
+		if !up.doCopy {
+			uploadPool.Put(buf)
+		}
+		up.f.putBuf(nil, true)
+	}
 	g.Go(func() error {
 		for part := int64(1); part <= up.parts; part++ {
 			// Get a block of memory from the pool and token which limits concurrency.
-			buf := up.f.getBuf(up.doCopy)
+			buf := getBuf()
 
 			// Fail fast, in case an errgroup managed function returns an error
 			// gCtx is cancelled. There is no point in uploading all the other parts.
 			if gCtx.Err() != nil {
-				up.f.putBuf(buf, up.doCopy)
+				putBuf(buf)
 				return nil
 			}
 
@@ -455,14 +484,14 @@ func (up *largeUpload) Upload(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 				buf = buf[:reqSize]
 				_, err = io.ReadFull(up.in, buf)
 				if err != nil {
-					up.f.putBuf(buf, up.doCopy)
+					putBuf(buf)
 					return err
 				}
 			}
 
 			part := part // for the closure
 			g.Go(func() (err error) {
-				defer up.f.putBuf(buf, up.doCopy)
+				defer putBuf(buf)
 				if !up.doCopy {
 					err = up.transferChunk(gCtx, part, buf)
 				} else {

backend/box/api/types.go

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ const (
 	timeFormat = `"` + time.RFC3339 + `"`
 )
 
-// Time represents represents date and time information for the
+// Time represents date and time information for the
 // box API, by using RFC3339
 type Time time.Time
 
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ func (e *Error) Error() string {
 var _ error = (*Error)(nil)
 
 // ItemFields are the fields needed for FileInfo
-var ItemFields = "type,id,sequence_id,etag,sha1,name,size,created_at,modified_at,content_created_at,content_modified_at,item_status,shared_link"
+var ItemFields = "type,id,sequence_id,etag,sha1,name,size,created_at,modified_at,content_created_at,content_modified_at,item_status,shared_link,owned_by"
 
 // Types of things in Item
 const (
@@ -90,6 +90,12 @@ type Item struct {
 		URL    string `json:"url,omitempty"`
 		Access string `json:"access,omitempty"`
 	} `json:"shared_link"`
+	OwnedBy struct {
+		Type  string `json:"type"`
+		ID    string `json:"id"`
+		Name  string `json:"name"`
+		Login string `json:"login"`
+	} `json:"owned_by"`
 }
 
 // ModTime returns the modification time of the item
@@ -103,10 +109,11 @@ func (i *Item) ModTime() (t time.Time) {
 
 // FolderItems is returned from the GetFolderItems call
 type FolderItems struct {
-	TotalCount int    `json:"total_count"`
-	Entries    []Item `json:"entries"`
-	Offset     int    `json:"offset"`
-	Limit      int    `json:"limit"`
+	TotalCount int     `json:"total_count"`
+	Entries    []Item  `json:"entries"`
+	Offset     int     `json:"offset"`
+	Limit      int     `json:"limit"`
+	NextMarker *string `json:"next_marker,omitempty"`
 	Order      []struct {
 		By        string `json:"by"`
 		Direction string `json:"direction"`

backend/box/box.go

@@ -14,24 +14,19 @@ import (
 	"crypto/rsa"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"encoding/pem"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"os"
 	"path"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/env"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/jwtutil"
-
-	"github.com/youmark/pkcs8"
-
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/box/api"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
@@ -42,9 +37,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fshttp"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/dircache"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/env"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/jwtutil"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/oauthutil"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pacer"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest"
+	"github.com/youmark/pkcs8"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2/jws"
 )
@@ -57,7 +56,6 @@ const (
 	decayConstant               = 2 // bigger for slower decay, exponential
 	rootURL                     = "https://api.box.com/2.0"
 	uploadURL                   = "https://upload.box.com/api/2.0"
-	listChunks                  = 1000     // chunk size to read directory listings
 	minUploadCutoff             = 50000000 // upload cutoff can be no lower than this
 	defaultUploadCutoff         = 50 * 1024 * 1024
 	tokenURL                    = "https://api.box.com/oauth2/token"
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@ func init() {
 		Name:        "box",
 		Description: "Box",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
-		Config: func(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper) {
+		Config: func(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper, config fs.ConfigIn) (*fs.ConfigOut, error) {
 			jsonFile, ok := m.Get("box_config_file")
 			boxSubType, boxSubTypeOk := m.Get("box_sub_type")
 			boxAccessToken, boxAccessTokenOk := m.Get("access_token")
@@ -93,15 +91,15 @@ func init() {
 			if ok && boxSubTypeOk && jsonFile != "" && boxSubType != "" {
 				err = refreshJWTToken(ctx, jsonFile, boxSubType, name, m)
 				if err != nil {
-					log.Fatalf("Failed to configure token with jwt authentication: %v", err)
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure token with jwt authentication: %w", err)
 				}
 				// Else, if not using an access token, use oauth2
 			} else if boxAccessToken == "" || !boxAccessTokenOk {
-				err = oauthutil.Config(ctx, "box", name, m, oauthConfig, nil)
-				if err != nil {
-					log.Fatalf("Failed to configure token with oauth authentication: %v", err)
-				}
+				return oauthutil.ConfigOut("", &oauthutil.Options{
+					OAuth2Config: oauthConfig,
+				})
 			}
+			return nil, nil
 		},
 		Options: append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "root_folder_id",
@@ -110,23 +108,23 @@ func init() {
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "box_config_file",
-			Help: "Box App config.json location\nLeave blank normally." + env.ShellExpandHelp,
+			Help: "Box App config.json location\n\nLeave blank normally." + env.ShellExpandHelp,
 		}, {
 			Name: "access_token",
-			Help: "Box App Primary Access Token\nLeave blank normally.",
+			Help: "Box App Primary Access Token\n\nLeave blank normally.",
 		}, {
 			Name:    "box_sub_type",
 			Default: "user",
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
 				Value: "user",
-				Help:  "Rclone should act on behalf of a user",
+				Help:  "Rclone should act on behalf of a user.",
 			}, {
 				Value: "enterprise",
-				Help:  "Rclone should act on behalf of a service account",
+				Help:  "Rclone should act on behalf of a service account.",
 			}},
 		}, {
 			Name:     "upload_cutoff",
-			Help:     "Cutoff for switching to multipart upload (>= 50MB).",
+			Help:     "Cutoff for switching to multipart upload (>= 50 MiB).",
 			Default:  fs.SizeSuffix(defaultUploadCutoff),
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
@@ -134,6 +132,16 @@ func init() {
 			Help:     "Max number of times to try committing a multipart file.",
 			Default:  100,
 			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:     "list_chunk",
+			Default:  1000,
+			Help:     "Size of listing chunk 1-1000.",
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:     "owned_by",
+			Default:  "",
+			Help:     "Only show items owned by the login (email address) passed in.",
+			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
 			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
@@ -157,15 +165,15 @@ func refreshJWTToken(ctx context.Context, jsonFile string, boxSubType string, na
 	jsonFile = env.ShellExpand(jsonFile)
 	boxConfig, err := getBoxConfig(jsonFile)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to configure token: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("get box config: %w", err)
 	}
 	privateKey, err := getDecryptedPrivateKey(boxConfig)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to configure token: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("get decrypted private key: %w", err)
 	}
 	claims, err := getClaims(boxConfig, boxSubType)
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("Failed to configure token: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("get claims: %w", err)
 	}
 	signingHeaders := getSigningHeaders(boxConfig)
 	queryParams := getQueryParams(boxConfig)
@@ -175,13 +183,13 @@ func refreshJWTToken(ctx context.Context, jsonFile string, boxSubType string, na
 }
 
 func getBoxConfig(configFile string) (boxConfig *api.ConfigJSON, err error) {
-	file, err := ioutil.ReadFile(configFile)
+	file, err := os.ReadFile(configFile)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "box: failed to read Box config")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("box: failed to read Box config: %w", err)
 	}
 	err = json.Unmarshal(file, &boxConfig)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "box: failed to parse Box config")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("box: failed to parse Box config: %w", err)
 	}
 	return boxConfig, nil
 }
@@ -189,7 +197,7 @@ func getBoxConfig(configFile string) (boxConfig *api.ConfigJSON, err error) {
 func getClaims(boxConfig *api.ConfigJSON, boxSubType string) (claims *jws.ClaimSet, err error) {
 	val, err := jwtutil.RandomHex(20)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "box: failed to generate random string for jti")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("box: failed to generate random string for jti: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	claims = &jws.ClaimSet{
@@ -230,12 +238,12 @@ func getDecryptedPrivateKey(boxConfig *api.ConfigJSON) (key *rsa.PrivateKey, err
 
 	block, rest := pem.Decode([]byte(boxConfig.BoxAppSettings.AppAuth.PrivateKey))
 	if len(rest) > 0 {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "box: extra data included in private key")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("box: extra data included in private key: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	rsaKey, err := pkcs8.ParsePKCS8PrivateKey(block.Bytes, []byte(boxConfig.BoxAppSettings.AppAuth.Passphrase))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "box: failed to decrypt private key")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("box: failed to decrypt private key: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return rsaKey.(*rsa.PrivateKey), nil
@@ -248,6 +256,8 @@ type Options struct {
 	Enc           encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
 	RootFolderID  string               `config:"root_folder_id"`
 	AccessToken   string               `config:"access_token"`
+	ListChunk     int                  `config:"list_chunk"`
+	OwnedBy       string               `config:"owned_by"`
 }
 
 // Fs represents a remote box
@@ -256,7 +266,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	root         string                // the path we are working on
 	opt          Options               // parsed options
 	features     *fs.Features          // optional features
-	srv          *rest.Client          // the connection to the one drive server
+	srv          *rest.Client          // the connection to the server
 	dirCache     *dircache.DirCache    // Map of directory path to directory id
 	pacer        *fs.Pacer             // pacer for API calls
 	tokenRenewer *oauthutil.Renew      // renew the token on expiry
@@ -327,6 +337,13 @@ func shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, err error) (bool, err
 		authRetry = true
 		fs.Debugf(nil, "Should retry: %v", err)
 	}
+
+	// Box API errors which should be retries
+	if apiErr, ok := err.(*api.Error); ok && apiErr.Code == "operation_blocked_temporary" {
+		fs.Debugf(nil, "Retrying API error %v", err)
+		return true, err
+	}
+
 	return authRetry || fserrors.ShouldRetry(err) || fserrors.ShouldRetryHTTP(resp, retryErrorCodes), err
 }
 
@@ -341,7 +358,7 @@ func (f *Fs) readMetaDataForPath(ctx context.Context, path string) (info *api.It
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	found, err := f.listAll(ctx, directoryID, false, true, func(item *api.Item) bool {
+	found, err := f.listAll(ctx, directoryID, false, true, true, func(item *api.Item) bool {
 		if strings.EqualFold(item.Name, leaf) {
 			info = item
 			return true
@@ -384,7 +401,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	}
 
 	if opt.UploadCutoff < minUploadCutoff {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("box: upload cutoff (%v) must be greater than equal to %v", opt.UploadCutoff, fs.SizeSuffix(minUploadCutoff))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("box: upload cutoff (%v) must be greater than equal to %v", opt.UploadCutoff, fs.SizeSuffix(minUploadCutoff))
 	}
 
 	root = parsePath(root)
@@ -395,7 +412,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	if opt.AccessToken == "" {
 		client, ts, err = oauthutil.NewClient(ctx, name, m, oauthConfig)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to configure Box")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure Box: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -516,7 +533,7 @@ func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
 // FindLeaf finds a directory of name leaf in the folder with ID pathID
 func (f *Fs) FindLeaf(ctx context.Context, pathID, leaf string) (pathIDOut string, found bool, err error) {
 	// Find the leaf in pathID
-	found, err = f.listAll(ctx, pathID, true, false, func(item *api.Item) bool {
+	found, err = f.listAll(ctx, pathID, true, false, true, func(item *api.Item) bool {
 		if strings.EqualFold(item.Name, leaf) {
 			pathIDOut = item.ID
 			return true
@@ -572,17 +589,20 @@ type listAllFn func(*api.Item) bool
 // Lists the directory required calling the user function on each item found
 //
 // If the user fn ever returns true then it early exits with found = true
-func (f *Fs) listAll(ctx context.Context, dirID string, directoriesOnly bool, filesOnly bool, fn listAllFn) (found bool, err error) {
+func (f *Fs) listAll(ctx context.Context, dirID string, directoriesOnly bool, filesOnly bool, activeOnly bool, fn listAllFn) (found bool, err error) {
 	opts := rest.Opts{
 		Method:     "GET",
 		Path:       "/folders/" + dirID + "/items",
 		Parameters: fieldsValue(),
 	}
-	opts.Parameters.Set("limit", strconv.Itoa(listChunks))
-	offset := 0
+	opts.Parameters.Set("limit", strconv.Itoa(f.opt.ListChunk))
+	opts.Parameters.Set("usemarker", "true")
+	var marker *string
 OUTER:
 	for {
-		opts.Parameters.Set("offset", strconv.Itoa(offset))
+		if marker != nil {
+			opts.Parameters.Set("marker", *marker)
+		}
 
 		var result api.FolderItems
 		var resp *http.Response
@@ -591,7 +611,7 @@ OUTER:
 			return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			return found, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't list files")
+			return found, fmt.Errorf("couldn't list files: %w", err)
 		}
 		for i := range result.Entries {
 			item := &result.Entries[i]
@@ -607,7 +627,10 @@ OUTER:
 				fs.Debugf(f, "Ignoring %q - unknown type %q", item.Name, item.Type)
 				continue
 			}
-			if item.ItemStatus != api.ItemStatusActive {
+			if activeOnly && item.ItemStatus != api.ItemStatusActive {
+				continue
+			}
+			if f.opt.OwnedBy != "" && f.opt.OwnedBy != item.OwnedBy.Login {
 				continue
 			}
 			item.Name = f.opt.Enc.ToStandardName(item.Name)
@@ -616,8 +639,8 @@ OUTER:
 				break OUTER
 			}
 		}
-		offset += result.Limit
-		if offset >= result.TotalCount {
+		marker = result.NextMarker
+		if marker == nil {
 			break
 		}
 	}
@@ -639,7 +662,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	var iErr error
-	_, err = f.listAll(ctx, directoryID, false, false, func(info *api.Item) bool {
+	_, err = f.listAll(ctx, directoryID, false, false, true, func(info *api.Item) bool {
 		remote := path.Join(dir, info.Name)
 		if info.Type == api.ItemTypeFolder {
 			// cache the directory ID for later lookups
@@ -669,7 +692,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 // Creates from the parameters passed in a half finished Object which
 // must have setMetaData called on it
 //
-// Returns the object, leaf, directoryID and error
+// Returns the object, leaf, directoryID and error.
 //
 // Used to create new objects
 func (f *Fs) createObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, modTime time.Time, size int64) (o *Object, leaf string, directoryID string, err error) {
@@ -715,21 +738,21 @@ func (f *Fs) preUploadCheck(ctx context.Context, leaf, directoryID string, size
 			var conflict api.PreUploadCheckConflict
 			err = json.Unmarshal(apiErr.ContextInfo, &conflict)
 			if err != nil {
-				return "", errors.Wrap(err, "pre-upload check: JSON decode failed")
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("pre-upload check: JSON decode failed: %w", err)
 			}
 			if conflict.Conflicts.Type != api.ItemTypeFile {
-				return "", errors.Wrap(err, "pre-upload check: can't overwrite non file with file")
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("pre-upload check: can't overwrite non file with file: %w", err)
 			}
 			return conflict.Conflicts.ID, nil
 		}
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "pre-upload check")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("pre-upload check: %w", err)
 	}
 	return "", nil
 }
 
 // Put the object
 //
-// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned
+// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned.
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
@@ -769,9 +792,9 @@ func (f *Fs) PutStream(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, opt
 
 // PutUnchecked the object into the container
 //
-// This will produce an error if the object already exists
+// This will produce an error if the object already exists.
 //
-// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned
+// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned.
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (f *Fs) PutUnchecked(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
@@ -831,7 +854,7 @@ func (f *Fs) purgeCheck(ctx context.Context, dir string, check bool) error {
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "rmdir failed")
+		return fmt.Errorf("rmdir failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	f.dirCache.FlushDir(dir)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -854,9 +877,9 @@ func (f *Fs) Precision() time.Duration {
 
 // Copy src to this remote using server-side copy operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -874,8 +897,8 @@ func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 
 	srcPath := srcObj.fs.rootSlash() + srcObj.remote
 	dstPath := f.rootSlash() + remote
-	if strings.ToLower(srcPath) == strings.ToLower(dstPath) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("can't copy %q -> %q as are same name when lowercase", srcPath, dstPath)
+	if strings.EqualFold(srcPath, dstPath) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't copy %q -> %q as are same name when lowercase", srcPath, dstPath)
 	}
 
 	// Create temporary object
@@ -959,7 +982,7 @@ func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (usage *fs.Usage, err error) {
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to read user info")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read user info: %w", err)
 	}
 	// FIXME max upload size would be useful to use in Update
 	usage = &fs.Usage{
@@ -972,9 +995,9 @@ func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (usage *fs.Usage, err error) {
 
 // Move src to this remote using server-side move operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -1093,45 +1116,36 @@ func (f *Fs) deletePermanently(ctx context.Context, itemType, id string) error {
 
 // CleanUp empties the trash
 func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
-	opts := rest.Opts{
-		Method: "GET",
-		Path:   "/folders/trash/items",
-		Parameters: url.Values{
-			"fields": []string{"type", "id"},
-		},
-	}
-	opts.Parameters.Set("limit", strconv.Itoa(listChunks))
-	offset := 0
-	for {
-		opts.Parameters.Set("offset", strconv.Itoa(offset))
-
-		var result api.FolderItems
-		var resp *http.Response
-		err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-			resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
-			return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't list trash")
-		}
-		for i := range result.Entries {
-			item := &result.Entries[i]
-			if item.Type == api.ItemTypeFolder || item.Type == api.ItemTypeFile {
+	var (
+		deleteErrors       = int64(0)
+		concurrencyControl = make(chan struct{}, fs.GetConfig(ctx).Checkers)
+		wg                 sync.WaitGroup
+	)
+	_, err = f.listAll(ctx, "trash", false, false, false, func(item *api.Item) bool {
+		if item.Type == api.ItemTypeFolder || item.Type == api.ItemTypeFile {
+			wg.Add(1)
+			concurrencyControl <- struct{}{}
+			go func() {
+				defer func() {
+					<-concurrencyControl
+					wg.Done()
+				}()
 				err := f.deletePermanently(ctx, item.Type, item.ID)
 				if err != nil {
-					return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to delete file")
+					fs.Errorf(f, "failed to delete trash item %q (%q): %v", item.Name, item.ID, err)
+					atomic.AddInt64(&deleteErrors, 1)
 				}
-			} else {
-				fs.Debugf(f, "Ignoring %q - unknown type %q", item.Name, item.Type)
-				continue
-			}
-		}
-		offset += result.Limit
-		if offset >= result.TotalCount {
-			break
+			}()
+		} else {
+			fs.Debugf(f, "Ignoring %q - unknown type %q", item.Name, item.Type)
 		}
+		return false
+	})
+	wg.Wait()
+	if deleteErrors != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete %d trash items", deleteErrors)
 	}
-	return
+	return err
 }
 
 // DirCacheFlush resets the directory cache - used in testing as an
@@ -1185,8 +1199,11 @@ func (o *Object) Size() int64 {
 
 // setMetaData sets the metadata from info
 func (o *Object) setMetaData(info *api.Item) (err error) {
+	if info.Type == api.ItemTypeFolder {
+		return fs.ErrorIsDir
+	}
 	if info.Type != api.ItemTypeFile {
-		return errors.Wrapf(fs.ErrorNotAFile, "%q is %q", o.remote, info.Type)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%q is %q: %w", o.remote, info.Type, fs.ErrorNotAFile)
 	}
 	o.hasMetaData = true
 	o.size = int64(info.Size)
@@ -1218,7 +1235,6 @@ func (o *Object) readMetaData(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 
 // ModTime returns the modification time of the object
 //
-//
 // It attempts to read the objects mtime and if that isn't present the
 // LastModified returned in the http headers
 func (o *Object) ModTime(ctx context.Context) time.Time {
@@ -1286,7 +1302,7 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 
 // upload does a single non-multipart upload
 //
-// This is recommended for less than 50 MB of content
+// This is recommended for less than 50 MiB of content
 func (o *Object) upload(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, leaf, directoryID string, modTime time.Time, options ...fs.OpenOption) (err error) {
 	upload := api.UploadFile{
 		Name:              o.fs.opt.Enc.FromStandardName(leaf),
@@ -1322,16 +1338,16 @@ func (o *Object) upload(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, leaf, directoryID str
 		return err
 	}
 	if result.TotalCount != 1 || len(result.Entries) != 1 {
-		return errors.Errorf("failed to upload %v - not sure why", o)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to upload %v - not sure why", o)
 	}
 	return o.setMetaData(&result.Entries[0])
 }
 
 // Update the object with the contents of the io.Reader, modTime and size
 //
-// If existing is set then it updates the object rather than creating a new one
+// If existing is set then it updates the object rather than creating a new one.
 //
-// The new object may have been created if an error is returned
+// The new object may have been created if an error is returned.
 func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (err error) {
 	if o.fs.tokenRenewer != nil {
 		o.fs.tokenRenewer.Start()

backend/box/upload.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/sha1"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -15,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/box/api"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ outer:
 					}
 				}
 			default:
-				return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown HTTP status return %q (%d)", resp.Status, resp.StatusCode)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown HTTP status return %q (%d)", resp.Status, resp.StatusCode)
 			}
 		}
 		fs.Debugf(o, "commit multipart upload failed %d/%d - trying again in %d seconds (%s)", tries+1, maxTries, delay, why)
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ outer:
 	}
 	err = json.Unmarshal(body, &result)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "couldn't decode commit response: %q", body)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't decode commit response: %q: %w", body, err)
 	}
 	return result, nil
 }
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ func (o *Object) uploadMultipart(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, leaf, direct
 	// Create upload session
 	session, err := o.createUploadSession(ctx, leaf, directoryID, size)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "multipart upload create session failed")
+		return fmt.Errorf("multipart upload create session failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	chunkSize := session.PartSize
 	fs.Debugf(o, "Multipart upload session started for %d parts of size %v", session.TotalParts, fs.SizeSuffix(chunkSize))
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ outer:
 		// Read the chunk
 		_, err = io.ReadFull(in, buf)
 		if err != nil {
-			err = errors.Wrap(err, "multipart upload failed to read source")
+			err = fmt.Errorf("multipart upload failed to read source: %w", err)
 			break outer
 		}
 
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ outer:
 			fs.Debugf(o, "Uploading part %d/%d offset %v/%v part size %v", part+1, session.TotalParts, fs.SizeSuffix(position), fs.SizeSuffix(size), fs.SizeSuffix(chunkSize))
 			partResponse, err := o.uploadPart(ctx, session.ID, position, size, buf, wrap, options...)
 			if err != nil {
-				err = errors.Wrap(err, "multipart upload failed to upload part")
+				err = fmt.Errorf("multipart upload failed to upload part: %w", err)
 				select {
 				case errs <- err:
 				default:
@@ -266,11 +266,11 @@ outer:
 	// Finalise the upload session
 	result, err := o.commitUpload(ctx, session.ID, parts, modTime, hash.Sum(nil))
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "multipart upload failed to finalize")
+		return fmt.Errorf("multipart upload failed to finalize: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if result.TotalCount != 1 || len(result.Entries) != 1 {
-		return errors.Errorf("multipart upload failed %v - not sure why", o)
+		return fmt.Errorf("multipart upload failed %v - not sure why", o)
 	}
 	return o.setMetaData(&result.Entries[0])
 }

backend/cache/cache.go

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
+//go:build !plan9 && !js
 // +build !plan9,!js
 
+// Package cache implements a virtual provider to cache existing remotes.
 package cache
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"math"
@@ -18,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/crypt"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/cache"
@@ -68,26 +70,26 @@ func init() {
 		CommandHelp: commandHelp,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "remote",
-			Help:     "Remote to cache.\nNormally should contain a ':' and a path, e.g. \"myremote:path/to/dir\",\n\"myremote:bucket\" or maybe \"myremote:\" (not recommended).",
+			Help:     "Remote to cache.\n\nNormally should contain a ':' and a path, e.g. \"myremote:path/to/dir\",\n\"myremote:bucket\" or maybe \"myremote:\" (not recommended).",
 			Required: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "plex_url",
-			Help: "The URL of the Plex server",
+			Help: "The URL of the Plex server.",
 		}, {
 			Name: "plex_username",
-			Help: "The username of the Plex user",
+			Help: "The username of the Plex user.",
 		}, {
 			Name:       "plex_password",
-			Help:       "The password of the Plex user",
+			Help:       "The password of the Plex user.",
 			IsPassword: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "plex_token",
-			Help:     "The plex token for authentication - auto set normally",
+			Help:     "The plex token for authentication - auto set normally.",
 			Hide:     fs.OptionHideBoth,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "plex_insecure",
-			Help:     "Skip all certificate verification when connecting to the Plex server",
+			Help:     "Skip all certificate verification when connecting to the Plex server.",
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "chunk_size",
@@ -98,14 +100,14 @@ changed, any downloaded chunks will be invalid and cache-chunk-path
 will need to be cleared or unexpected EOF errors will occur.`,
 			Default: DefCacheChunkSize,
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
-				Value: "1m",
-				Help:  "1MB",
+				Value: "1M",
+				Help:  "1 MiB",
 			}, {
 				Value: "5M",
-				Help:  "5 MB",
+				Help:  "5 MiB",
 			}, {
 				Value: "10M",
-				Help:  "10 MB",
+				Help:  "10 MiB",
 			}},
 		}, {
 			Name: "info_age",
@@ -132,22 +134,22 @@ oldest chunks until it goes under this value.`,
 			Default: DefCacheTotalChunkSize,
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
 				Value: "500M",
-				Help:  "500 MB",
+				Help:  "500 MiB",
 			}, {
 				Value: "1G",
-				Help:  "1 GB",
+				Help:  "1 GiB",
 			}, {
 				Value: "10G",
-				Help:  "10 GB",
+				Help:  "10 GiB",
 			}},
 		}, {
 			Name:     "db_path",
-			Default:  filepath.Join(config.CacheDir, "cache-backend"),
-			Help:     "Directory to store file structure metadata DB.\nThe remote name is used as the DB file name.",
+			Default:  filepath.Join(config.GetCacheDir(), "cache-backend"),
+			Help:     "Directory to store file structure metadata DB.\n\nThe remote name is used as the DB file name.",
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "chunk_path",
-			Default: filepath.Join(config.CacheDir, "cache-backend"),
+			Default: filepath.Join(config.GetCacheDir(), "cache-backend"),
 			Help: `Directory to cache chunk files.
 
 Path to where partial file data (chunks) are stored locally. The remote
@@ -167,6 +169,7 @@ then "--cache-chunk-path" will use the same path as "--cache-db-path".`,
 			Name:    "chunk_clean_interval",
 			Default: DefCacheChunkCleanInterval,
 			Help: `How often should the cache perform cleanups of the chunk storage.
+
 The default value should be ok for most people. If you find that the
 cache goes over "cache-chunk-total-size" too often then try to lower
 this value to force it to perform cleanups more often.`,
@@ -220,7 +223,7 @@ available on the local machine.`,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "rps",
 			Default: int(DefCacheRps),
-			Help: `Limits the number of requests per second to the source FS (-1 to disable)
+			Help: `Limits the number of requests per second to the source FS (-1 to disable).
 
 This setting places a hard limit on the number of requests per second
 that cache will be doing to the cloud provider remote and try to
@@ -241,7 +244,7 @@ still pass.`,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "writes",
 			Default: DefCacheWrites,
-			Help: `Cache file data on writes through the FS
+			Help: `Cache file data on writes through the FS.
 
 If you need to read files immediately after you upload them through
 cache you can enable this flag to have their data stored in the
@@ -262,7 +265,7 @@ provider`,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "tmp_wait_time",
 			Default: DefCacheTmpWaitTime,
-			Help: `How long should files be stored in local cache before being uploaded
+			Help: `How long should files be stored in local cache before being uploaded.
 
 This is the duration that a file must wait in the temporary location
 _cache-tmp-upload-path_ before it is selected for upload.
@@ -273,7 +276,7 @@ to start the upload if a queue formed for this purpose.`,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "db_wait_time",
 			Default: DefCacheDbWaitTime,
-			Help: `How long to wait for the DB to be available - 0 is unlimited
+			Help: `How long to wait for the DB to be available - 0 is unlimited.
 
 Only one process can have the DB open at any one time, so rclone waits
 for this duration for the DB to become available before it gives an
@@ -339,8 +342,14 @@ func parseRootPath(path string) (string, error) {
 	return strings.Trim(path, "/"), nil
 }
 
+var warnDeprecated sync.Once
+
 // NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
 func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+	warnDeprecated.Do(func() {
+		fs.Logf(nil, "WARNING: Cache backend is deprecated and may be removed in future. Please use VFS instead.")
+	})
+
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
 	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
@@ -348,7 +357,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.F
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if opt.ChunkTotalSize < opt.ChunkSize*fs.SizeSuffix(opt.TotalWorkers) {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("don't set cache-chunk-total-size(%v) less than cache-chunk-size(%v) * cache-workers(%v)",
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("don't set cache-chunk-total-size(%v) less than cache-chunk-size(%v) * cache-workers(%v)",
 			opt.ChunkTotalSize, opt.ChunkSize, opt.TotalWorkers)
 	}
 
@@ -358,13 +367,13 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.F
 
 	rpath, err := parseRootPath(rootPath)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to clean root path %q", rootPath)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to clean root path %q: %w", rootPath, err)
 	}
 
 	remotePath := fspath.JoinRootPath(opt.Remote, rootPath)
 	wrappedFs, wrapErr := cache.Get(ctx, remotePath)
 	if wrapErr != nil && wrapErr != fs.ErrorIsFile {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(wrapErr, "failed to make remote %q to wrap", remotePath)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to make remote %q to wrap: %w", remotePath, wrapErr)
 	}
 	var fsErr error
 	fs.Debugf(name, "wrapped %v:%v at root %v", wrappedFs.Name(), wrappedFs.Root(), rpath)
@@ -386,14 +395,18 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.F
 		notifiedRemotes:  make(map[string]bool),
 	}
 	cache.PinUntilFinalized(f.Fs, f)
-	f.rateLimiter = rate.NewLimiter(rate.Limit(float64(opt.Rps)), opt.TotalWorkers)
+	rps := rate.Inf
+	if opt.Rps > 0 {
+		rps = rate.Limit(float64(opt.Rps))
+	}
+	f.rateLimiter = rate.NewLimiter(rps, opt.TotalWorkers)
 
 	f.plexConnector = &plexConnector{}
 	if opt.PlexURL != "" {
 		if opt.PlexToken != "" {
 			f.plexConnector, err = newPlexConnectorWithToken(f, opt.PlexURL, opt.PlexToken, opt.PlexInsecure)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to connect to the Plex API %v", opt.PlexURL)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to the Plex API %v: %w", opt.PlexURL, err)
 			}
 		} else {
 			if opt.PlexPassword != "" && opt.PlexUsername != "" {
@@ -405,7 +418,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.F
 					m.Set("plex_token", token)
 				})
 				if err != nil {
-					return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to connect to the Plex API %v", opt.PlexURL)
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to connect to the Plex API %v: %w", opt.PlexURL, err)
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -414,8 +427,8 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.F
 	dbPath := f.opt.DbPath
 	chunkPath := f.opt.ChunkPath
 	// if the dbPath is non default but the chunk path is default, we overwrite the last to follow the same one as dbPath
-	if dbPath != filepath.Join(config.CacheDir, "cache-backend") &&
-		chunkPath == filepath.Join(config.CacheDir, "cache-backend") {
+	if dbPath != filepath.Join(config.GetCacheDir(), "cache-backend") &&
+		chunkPath == filepath.Join(config.GetCacheDir(), "cache-backend") {
 		chunkPath = dbPath
 	}
 	if filepath.Ext(dbPath) != "" {
@@ -426,11 +439,11 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.F
 	}
 	err = os.MkdirAll(dbPath, os.ModePerm)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create cache directory %v", dbPath)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create cache directory %v: %w", dbPath, err)
 	}
 	err = os.MkdirAll(chunkPath, os.ModePerm)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create cache directory %v", chunkPath)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create cache directory %v: %w", chunkPath, err)
 	}
 
 	dbPath = filepath.Join(dbPath, name+".db")
@@ -442,7 +455,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.F
 		DbWaitTime: time.Duration(opt.DbWaitTime),
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to start cache db")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to start cache db: %w", err)
 	}
 	// Trap SIGINT and SIGTERM to close the DB handle gracefully
 	c := make(chan os.Signal, 1)
@@ -476,12 +489,12 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rootPath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.F
 	if f.opt.TempWritePath != "" {
 		err = os.MkdirAll(f.opt.TempWritePath, os.ModePerm)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create cache directory %v", f.opt.TempWritePath)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create cache directory %v: %w", f.opt.TempWritePath, err)
 		}
 		f.opt.TempWritePath = filepath.ToSlash(f.opt.TempWritePath)
 		f.tempFs, err = cache.Get(ctx, f.opt.TempWritePath)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create temp fs: %v", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp fs: %w", err)
 		}
 		fs.Infof(name, "Upload Temp Rest Time: %v", f.opt.TempWaitTime)
 		fs.Infof(name, "Upload Temp FS: %v", f.opt.TempWritePath)
@@ -598,7 +611,7 @@ func (f *Fs) httpStats(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params, err er
 	out = make(rc.Params)
 	m, err := f.Stats()
 	if err != nil {
-		return out, errors.Errorf("error while getting cache stats")
+		return out, fmt.Errorf("error while getting cache stats")
 	}
 	out["status"] = "ok"
 	out["stats"] = m
@@ -625,7 +638,7 @@ func (f *Fs) httpExpireRemote(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params,
 	out = make(rc.Params)
 	remoteInt, ok := in["remote"]
 	if !ok {
-		return out, errors.Errorf("remote is needed")
+		return out, fmt.Errorf("remote is needed")
 	}
 	remote := remoteInt.(string)
 	withData := false
@@ -636,7 +649,7 @@ func (f *Fs) httpExpireRemote(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params,
 
 	remote = f.unwrapRemote(remote)
 	if !f.cache.HasEntry(path.Join(f.Root(), remote)) {
-		return out, errors.Errorf("%s doesn't exist in cache", remote)
+		return out, fmt.Errorf("%s doesn't exist in cache", remote)
 	}
 
 	co := NewObject(f, remote)
@@ -645,7 +658,7 @@ func (f *Fs) httpExpireRemote(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params,
 		cd := NewDirectory(f, remote)
 		err := f.cache.ExpireDir(cd)
 		if err != nil {
-			return out, errors.WithMessage(err, "error expiring directory")
+			return out, fmt.Errorf("error expiring directory: %w", err)
 		}
 		// notify vfs too
 		f.notifyChangeUpstream(cd.Remote(), fs.EntryDirectory)
@@ -656,7 +669,7 @@ func (f *Fs) httpExpireRemote(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (out rc.Params,
 	// expire the entry
 	err = f.cache.ExpireObject(co, withData)
 	if err != nil {
-		return out, errors.WithMessage(err, "error expiring file")
+		return out, fmt.Errorf("error expiring file: %w", err)
 	}
 	// notify vfs too
 	f.notifyChangeUpstream(co.Remote(), fs.EntryObject)
@@ -677,24 +690,24 @@ func (f *Fs) rcFetch(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (rc.Params, error) {
 			case 1:
 				start, err = strconv.ParseInt(ints[0], 10, 64)
 				if err != nil {
-					return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid range: %q", part)
+					return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid range: %q", part)
 				}
 				end = start + 1
 			case 2:
 				if ints[0] != "" {
 					start, err = strconv.ParseInt(ints[0], 10, 64)
 					if err != nil {
-						return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid range: %q", part)
+						return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid range: %q", part)
 					}
 				}
 				if ints[1] != "" {
 					end, err = strconv.ParseInt(ints[1], 10, 64)
 					if err != nil {
-						return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid range: %q", part)
+						return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid range: %q", part)
 					}
 				}
 			default:
-				return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid range: %q", part)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid range: %q", part)
 			}
 			crs = append(crs, chunkRange{start: start, end: end})
 		}
@@ -749,18 +762,18 @@ func (f *Fs) rcFetch(ctx context.Context, in rc.Params) (rc.Params, error) {
 	delete(in, "chunks")
 	crs, err := parseChunks(s)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "invalid chunks parameter")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid chunks parameter: %w", err)
 	}
 	var files [][2]string
 	for k, v := range in {
 		if !strings.HasPrefix(k, "file") {
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid parameter %s=%s", k, v)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid parameter %s=%s", k, v)
 		}
 		switch v := v.(type) {
 		case string:
 			files = append(files, [2]string{v, f.unwrapRemote(v)})
 		default:
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("invalid parameter %s=%s", k, v)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid parameter %s=%s", k, v)
 		}
 	}
 	type fileStatus struct {
@@ -1025,7 +1038,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 		}
 		fs.Debugf(dir, "list: remove entry: %v", entryRemote)
 	}
-	entries = nil
+	entries = nil //nolint:ineffassign
 
 	// and then iterate over the ones from source (temp Objects will override source ones)
 	var batchDirectories []*Directory
@@ -1116,7 +1129,7 @@ func (f *Fs) ListR(ctx context.Context, dir string, callback fs.ListRCallback) (
 				case fs.Directory:
 					_ = f.cache.AddDir(DirectoryFromOriginal(ctx, f, o))
 				default:
-					return errors.Errorf("Unknown object type %T", entry)
+					return fmt.Errorf("unknown object type %T", entry)
 				}
 			}
 
@@ -1735,7 +1748,7 @@ func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) error {
 func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (*fs.Usage, error) {
 	do := f.Fs.Features().About
 	if do == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("About not supported")
+		return nil, errors.New("not supported by underlying remote")
 	}
 	return do(ctx)
 }

backend/cache/cache_internal_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// +build !plan9,!js
-// +build !race
+//go:build !plan9 && !js && !race
+// +build !plan9,!js,!race
 
 package cache_test
 
@@ -7,21 +7,21 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
 	goflag "flag"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"log"
 	"math/rand"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"runtime/debug"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/cache"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/crypt"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/drive"
@@ -101,14 +101,12 @@ func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
 
 func TestInternalListRootAndInnerRemotes(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tilrair%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true, nil)
 
 	// Instantiate inner fs
 	innerFolder := "inner"
 	runInstance.mkdir(t, rootFs, innerFolder)
-	rootFs2, boltDb2 := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id+"/"+innerFolder, true, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs2, boltDb2)
+	rootFs2, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id+"/"+innerFolder, true, true, nil)
 
 	runInstance.writeObjectString(t, rootFs2, "one", "content")
 	listRoot, err := runInstance.list(t, rootFs, "")
@@ -166,7 +164,7 @@ func TestInternalVfsCache(t *testing.T) {
 			li2 := [2]string{path.Join("test", "one"), path.Join("test", "second")}
 			for _, r := range li2 {
 				var err error
-				ci, err := ioutil.ReadDir(path.Join(runInstance.chunkPath, runInstance.encryptRemoteIfNeeded(t, path.Join(id, r))))
+				ci, err := os.ReadDir(path.Join(runInstance.chunkPath, runInstance.encryptRemoteIfNeeded(t, path.Join(id, r))))
 				if err != nil || len(ci) == 0 {
 					log.Printf("========== '%v' not in cache", r)
 				} else {
@@ -225,8 +223,7 @@ func TestInternalVfsCache(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestInternalObjWrapFsFound(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tiowff%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true, nil)
 
 	cfs, err := runInstance.getCacheFs(rootFs)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -258,8 +255,7 @@ func TestInternalObjWrapFsFound(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestInternalObjNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tionf%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil)
 
 	obj, err := rootFs.NewObject(context.Background(), "404")
 	require.Error(t, err)
@@ -269,8 +265,7 @@ func TestInternalObjNotFound(t *testing.T) {
 func TestInternalCachedWrittenContentMatches(t *testing.T) {
 	testy.SkipUnreliable(t)
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("ticwcm%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil)
 
 	cfs, err := runInstance.getCacheFs(rootFs)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -293,9 +288,11 @@ func TestInternalCachedWrittenContentMatches(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestInternalDoubleWrittenContentMatches(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && runtime.GOARCH == "386" {
+		t.Skip("Skip test on windows/386")
+	}
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tidwcm%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil)
 
 	// write the object
 	runInstance.writeRemoteString(t, rootFs, "one", "one content")
@@ -313,8 +310,7 @@ func TestInternalDoubleWrittenContentMatches(t *testing.T) {
 func TestInternalCachedUpdatedContentMatches(t *testing.T) {
 	testy.SkipUnreliable(t)
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("ticucm%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil)
 	var err error
 
 	// create some rand test data
@@ -343,8 +339,7 @@ func TestInternalCachedUpdatedContentMatches(t *testing.T) {
 func TestInternalWrappedWrittenContentMatches(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tiwwcm%v", time.Now().Unix())
 	vfsflags.Opt.DirCacheTime = time.Second
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true, nil)
 	if runInstance.rootIsCrypt {
 		t.Skip("test skipped with crypt remote")
 	}
@@ -374,8 +369,7 @@ func TestInternalWrappedWrittenContentMatches(t *testing.T) {
 func TestInternalLargeWrittenContentMatches(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tilwcm%v", time.Now().Unix())
 	vfsflags.Opt.DirCacheTime = time.Second
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true, nil)
 	if runInstance.rootIsCrypt {
 		t.Skip("test skipped with crypt remote")
 	}
@@ -401,8 +395,7 @@ func TestInternalLargeWrittenContentMatches(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestInternalWrappedFsChangeNotSeen(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tiwfcns%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil)
 
 	cfs, err := runInstance.getCacheFs(rootFs)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -442,7 +435,7 @@ func TestInternalWrappedFsChangeNotSeen(t *testing.T) {
 				return err
 			}
 			if coSize != expectedSize {
-				return errors.Errorf("%v <> %v", coSize, expectedSize)
+				return fmt.Errorf("%v <> %v", coSize, expectedSize)
 			}
 			return nil
 		}, 12, time.Second*10)
@@ -456,8 +449,7 @@ func TestInternalWrappedFsChangeNotSeen(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestInternalMoveWithNotify(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("timwn%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil)
 	if !runInstance.wrappedIsExternal {
 		t.Skipf("Not external")
 	}
@@ -498,7 +490,7 @@ func TestInternalMoveWithNotify(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		if len(li) != 2 {
 			log.Printf("not expected listing /test: %v", li)
-			return errors.Errorf("not expected listing /test: %v", li)
+			return fmt.Errorf("not expected listing /test: %v", li)
 		}
 
 		li, err = runInstance.list(t, rootFs, "test/one")
@@ -508,7 +500,7 @@ func TestInternalMoveWithNotify(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		if len(li) != 0 {
 			log.Printf("not expected listing /test/one: %v", li)
-			return errors.Errorf("not expected listing /test/one: %v", li)
+			return fmt.Errorf("not expected listing /test/one: %v", li)
 		}
 
 		li, err = runInstance.list(t, rootFs, "test/second")
@@ -518,21 +510,21 @@ func TestInternalMoveWithNotify(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		if len(li) != 1 {
 			log.Printf("not expected listing /test/second: %v", li)
-			return errors.Errorf("not expected listing /test/second: %v", li)
+			return fmt.Errorf("not expected listing /test/second: %v", li)
 		}
 		if fi, ok := li[0].(os.FileInfo); ok {
 			if fi.Name() != "data.bin" {
 				log.Printf("not expected name: %v", fi.Name())
-				return errors.Errorf("not expected name: %v", fi.Name())
+				return fmt.Errorf("not expected name: %v", fi.Name())
 			}
 		} else if di, ok := li[0].(fs.DirEntry); ok {
 			if di.Remote() != "test/second/data.bin" {
 				log.Printf("not expected remote: %v", di.Remote())
-				return errors.Errorf("not expected remote: %v", di.Remote())
+				return fmt.Errorf("not expected remote: %v", di.Remote())
 			}
 		} else {
 			log.Printf("unexpected listing: %v", li)
-			return errors.Errorf("unexpected listing: %v", li)
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected listing: %v", li)
 		}
 
 		log.Printf("complete listing: %v", li)
@@ -543,8 +535,7 @@ func TestInternalMoveWithNotify(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestInternalNotifyCreatesEmptyParts(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tincep%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil)
 	if !runInstance.wrappedIsExternal {
 		t.Skipf("Not external")
 	}
@@ -587,17 +578,17 @@ func TestInternalNotifyCreatesEmptyParts(t *testing.T) {
 		found = boltDb.HasEntry(path.Join(cfs.Root(), runInstance.encryptRemoteIfNeeded(t, "test")))
 		if !found {
 			log.Printf("not found /test")
-			return errors.Errorf("not found /test")
+			return fmt.Errorf("not found /test")
 		}
 		found = boltDb.HasEntry(path.Join(cfs.Root(), runInstance.encryptRemoteIfNeeded(t, "test"), runInstance.encryptRemoteIfNeeded(t, "one")))
 		if !found {
 			log.Printf("not found /test/one")
-			return errors.Errorf("not found /test/one")
+			return fmt.Errorf("not found /test/one")
 		}
 		found = boltDb.HasEntry(path.Join(cfs.Root(), runInstance.encryptRemoteIfNeeded(t, "test"), runInstance.encryptRemoteIfNeeded(t, "one"), runInstance.encryptRemoteIfNeeded(t, "test2")))
 		if !found {
 			log.Printf("not found /test/one/test2")
-			return errors.Errorf("not found /test/one/test2")
+			return fmt.Errorf("not found /test/one/test2")
 		}
 		li, err := runInstance.list(t, rootFs, "test/one")
 		if err != nil {
@@ -606,21 +597,21 @@ func TestInternalNotifyCreatesEmptyParts(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 		if len(li) != 1 {
 			log.Printf("not expected listing /test/one: %v", li)
-			return errors.Errorf("not expected listing /test/one: %v", li)
+			return fmt.Errorf("not expected listing /test/one: %v", li)
 		}
 		if fi, ok := li[0].(os.FileInfo); ok {
 			if fi.Name() != "test2" {
 				log.Printf("not expected name: %v", fi.Name())
-				return errors.Errorf("not expected name: %v", fi.Name())
+				return fmt.Errorf("not expected name: %v", fi.Name())
 			}
 		} else if di, ok := li[0].(fs.DirEntry); ok {
 			if di.Remote() != "test/one/test2" {
 				log.Printf("not expected remote: %v", di.Remote())
-				return errors.Errorf("not expected remote: %v", di.Remote())
+				return fmt.Errorf("not expected remote: %v", di.Remote())
 			}
 		} else {
 			log.Printf("unexpected listing: %v", li)
-			return errors.Errorf("unexpected listing: %v", li)
+			return fmt.Errorf("unexpected listing: %v", li)
 		}
 		log.Printf("complete listing /test/one/test2")
 		return nil
@@ -630,8 +621,7 @@ func TestInternalNotifyCreatesEmptyParts(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestInternalChangeSeenAfterDirCacheFlush(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("ticsadcf%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil)
 
 	cfs, err := runInstance.getCacheFs(rootFs)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -663,8 +653,7 @@ func TestInternalChangeSeenAfterDirCacheFlush(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestInternalCacheWrites(t *testing.T) {
 	id := "ticw"
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil, map[string]string{"writes": "true"})
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, map[string]string{"writes": "true"})
 
 	cfs, err := runInstance.getCacheFs(rootFs)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -681,9 +670,11 @@ func TestInternalCacheWrites(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestInternalMaxChunkSizeRespected(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" && runtime.GOARCH == "386" {
+		t.Skip("Skip test on windows/386")
+	}
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("timcsr%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil, map[string]string{"workers": "1"})
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, map[string]string{"workers": "1"})
 
 	cfs, err := runInstance.getCacheFs(rootFs)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -718,8 +709,7 @@ func TestInternalMaxChunkSizeRespected(t *testing.T) {
 func TestInternalExpiredEntriesRemoved(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tieer%v", time.Now().Unix())
 	vfsflags.Opt.DirCacheTime = time.Second * 4 // needs to be lower than the defined
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true, map[string]string{"info_age": "5s"}, nil)
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true, nil)
 	cfs, err := runInstance.getCacheFs(rootFs)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -756,9 +746,7 @@ func TestInternalBug2117(t *testing.T) {
 	vfsflags.Opt.DirCacheTime = time.Second * 10
 
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tib2117%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, nil,
-		map[string]string{"info_age": "72h", "chunk_clean_interval": "15m"})
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true, map[string]string{"info_age": "72h", "chunk_clean_interval": "15m"})
 
 	if runInstance.rootIsCrypt {
 		t.Skipf("skipping crypt")
@@ -834,9 +822,9 @@ func newRun() *run {
 	}
 
 	if uploadDir == "" {
-		r.tmpUploadDir, err = ioutil.TempDir("", "rclonecache-tmp")
+		r.tmpUploadDir, err = os.MkdirTemp("", "rclonecache-tmp")
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatalf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err)
+			panic(fmt.Sprintf("Failed to create temp dir: %v", err))
 		}
 	} else {
 		r.tmpUploadDir = uploadDir
@@ -859,7 +847,7 @@ func (r *run) encryptRemoteIfNeeded(t *testing.T, remote string) string {
 	return enc
 }
 
-func (r *run) newCacheFs(t *testing.T, remote, id string, needRemote, purge bool, cfg map[string]string, flags map[string]string) (fs.Fs, *cache.Persistent) {
+func (r *run) newCacheFs(t *testing.T, remote, id string, needRemote, purge bool, flags map[string]string) (fs.Fs, *cache.Persistent) {
 	fstest.Initialise()
 	remoteExists := false
 	for _, s := range config.FileSections() {
@@ -919,9 +907,9 @@ func (r *run) newCacheFs(t *testing.T, remote, id string, needRemote, purge bool
 		}
 	}
 	runInstance.rootIsCrypt = rootIsCrypt
-	runInstance.dbPath = filepath.Join(config.CacheDir, "cache-backend", cacheRemote+".db")
-	runInstance.chunkPath = filepath.Join(config.CacheDir, "cache-backend", cacheRemote)
-	runInstance.vfsCachePath = filepath.Join(config.CacheDir, "vfs", remote)
+	runInstance.dbPath = filepath.Join(config.GetCacheDir(), "cache-backend", cacheRemote+".db")
+	runInstance.chunkPath = filepath.Join(config.GetCacheDir(), "cache-backend", cacheRemote)
+	runInstance.vfsCachePath = filepath.Join(config.GetCacheDir(), "vfs", remote)
 	boltDb, err := cache.GetPersistent(runInstance.dbPath, runInstance.chunkPath, &cache.Features{PurgeDb: true})
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -952,10 +940,15 @@ func (r *run) newCacheFs(t *testing.T, remote, id string, needRemote, purge bool
 	}
 	err = f.Mkdir(context.Background(), "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		runInstance.cleanupFs(t, f)
+	})
+
 	return f, boltDb
 }
 
-func (r *run) cleanupFs(t *testing.T, f fs.Fs, b *cache.Persistent) {
+func (r *run) cleanupFs(t *testing.T, f fs.Fs) {
 	err := f.Features().Purge(context.Background(), "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	cfs, err := r.getCacheFs(f)
@@ -977,7 +970,7 @@ func (r *run) randomReader(t *testing.T, size int64) io.ReadCloser {
 	chunk := int64(1024)
 	cnt := size / chunk
 	left := size % chunk
-	f, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "rclonecache-tempfile")
+	f, err := os.CreateTemp("", "rclonecache-tempfile")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	for i := 0; i < int(cnt); i++ {
@@ -1055,7 +1048,7 @@ func (r *run) readDataFromRemote(t *testing.T, f fs.Fs, remote string, offset, e
 	checkSample = r.readDataFromObj(t, co, offset, end, noLengthCheck)
 
 	if !noLengthCheck && size != int64(len(checkSample)) {
-		return checkSample, errors.Errorf("read size doesn't match expected: %v <> %v", len(checkSample), size)
+		return checkSample, fmt.Errorf("read size doesn't match expected: %v <> %v", len(checkSample), size)
 	}
 	return checkSample, nil
 }
@@ -1250,7 +1243,7 @@ func (r *run) listenForBackgroundUpload(t *testing.T, f fs.Fs, remote string) ch
 			case state = <-buCh:
 				// continue
 			case <-time.After(maxDuration):
-				waitCh <- errors.Errorf("Timed out waiting for background upload: %v", remote)
+				waitCh <- fmt.Errorf("Timed out waiting for background upload: %v", remote)
 				return
 			}
 			checkRemote := state.Remote
@@ -1267,7 +1260,7 @@ func (r *run) listenForBackgroundUpload(t *testing.T, f fs.Fs, remote string) ch
 				return
 			}
 		}
-		waitCh <- errors.Errorf("Too many attempts to wait for the background upload: %v", remote)
+		waitCh <- fmt.Errorf("Too many attempts to wait for the background upload: %v", remote)
 	}()
 	return waitCh
 }

backend/cache/cache_test.go

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 // Test Cache filesystem interface
 
-// +build !plan9,!js
-// +build !race
+//go:build !plan9 && !js && !race
+// +build !plan9,!js,!race
 
 package cache_test
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 		RemoteName:                   "TestCache:",
 		NilObject:                    (*cache.Object)(nil),
 		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"PublicLink", "OpenWriterAt"},
-		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType", "ID", "GetTier", "SetTier"},
+		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType", "ID", "GetTier", "SetTier", "Metadata"},
 		SkipInvalidUTF8:              true, // invalid UTF-8 confuses the cache
 	})
 }

backend/cache/cache_unsupported.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Build for cache for unsupported platforms to stop go complaining
 // about "no buildable Go source files "
 
+//go:build plan9 || js
 // +build plan9 js
 
 package cache

backend/cache/cache_upload_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-// +build !plan9,!js
-// +build !race
+//go:build !plan9 && !js && !race
+// +build !plan9,!js,!race
 
 package cache_test
 
@@ -21,10 +21,8 @@ import (
 
 func TestInternalUploadTempDirCreated(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tiutdc%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true,
-		nil,
+	runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, false, true,
 		map[string]string{"tmp_upload_path": path.Join(runInstance.tmpUploadDir, id)})
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
 
 	_, err := os.Stat(path.Join(runInstance.tmpUploadDir, id))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -63,9 +61,7 @@ func testInternalUploadQueueOneFile(t *testing.T, id string, rootFs fs.Fs, boltD
 func TestInternalUploadQueueOneFileNoRest(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tiuqofnr%v", time.Now().Unix())
 	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true,
-		nil,
 		map[string]string{"tmp_upload_path": path.Join(runInstance.tmpUploadDir, id), "tmp_wait_time": "0s"})
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
 
 	testInternalUploadQueueOneFile(t, id, rootFs, boltDb)
 }
@@ -73,19 +69,15 @@ func TestInternalUploadQueueOneFileNoRest(t *testing.T) {
 func TestInternalUploadQueueOneFileWithRest(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tiuqofwr%v", time.Now().Unix())
 	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true,
-		nil,
 		map[string]string{"tmp_upload_path": path.Join(runInstance.tmpUploadDir, id), "tmp_wait_time": "1m"})
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
 
 	testInternalUploadQueueOneFile(t, id, rootFs, boltDb)
 }
 
 func TestInternalUploadMoveExistingFile(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tiumef%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true,
-		nil,
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true,
 		map[string]string{"tmp_upload_path": path.Join(runInstance.tmpUploadDir, id), "tmp_wait_time": "3s"})
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
 
 	err := rootFs.Mkdir(context.Background(), "one")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -119,10 +111,8 @@ func TestInternalUploadMoveExistingFile(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestInternalUploadTempPathCleaned(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tiutpc%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true,
-		nil,
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true,
 		map[string]string{"cache-tmp-upload-path": path.Join(runInstance.tmpUploadDir, id), "cache-tmp-wait-time": "5s"})
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
 
 	err := rootFs.Mkdir(context.Background(), "one")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -162,10 +152,8 @@ func TestInternalUploadTempPathCleaned(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestInternalUploadQueueMoreFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	id := fmt.Sprintf("tiuqmf%v", time.Now().Unix())
-	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true,
-		nil,
+	rootFs, _ := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true,
 		map[string]string{"tmp_upload_path": path.Join(runInstance.tmpUploadDir, id), "tmp_wait_time": "1s"})
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
 
 	err := rootFs.Mkdir(context.Background(), "test")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -213,9 +201,7 @@ func TestInternalUploadQueueMoreFiles(t *testing.T) {
 func TestInternalUploadTempFileOperations(t *testing.T) {
 	id := "tiutfo"
 	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true,
-		nil,
 		map[string]string{"tmp_upload_path": path.Join(runInstance.tmpUploadDir, id), "tmp_wait_time": "1h"})
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
 
 	boltDb.PurgeTempUploads()
 
@@ -343,9 +329,7 @@ func TestInternalUploadTempFileOperations(t *testing.T) {
 func TestInternalUploadUploadingFileOperations(t *testing.T) {
 	id := "tiuufo"
 	rootFs, boltDb := runInstance.newCacheFs(t, remoteName, id, true, true,
-		nil,
 		map[string]string{"tmp_upload_path": path.Join(runInstance.tmpUploadDir, id), "tmp_wait_time": "1h"})
-	defer runInstance.cleanupFs(t, rootFs, boltDb)
 
 	boltDb.PurgeTempUploads()
 

backend/cache/directory.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build !plan9 && !js
 // +build !plan9,!js
 
 package cache

backend/cache/handle.go

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
+//go:build !plan9 && !js
 // +build !plan9,!js
 
 package cache
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"path"
@@ -12,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
 )
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ func (r *Handle) getChunk(chunkStart int64) ([]byte, error) {
 			return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 		}
 
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("chunk not found %v", chunkStart)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("chunk not found %v", chunkStart)
 	}
 
 	// first chunk will be aligned with the start
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@ func (r *Handle) Seek(offset int64, whence int) (int64, error) {
 		fs.Debugf(r, "moving offset end (%v) from %v to %v", r.cachedObject.Size(), r.offset, r.cachedObject.Size()+offset)
 		r.offset = r.cachedObject.Size() + offset
 	default:
-		err = errors.Errorf("cache: unimplemented seek whence %v", whence)
+		err = fmt.Errorf("cache: unimplemented seek whence %v", whence)
 	}
 
 	chunkStart := r.offset - (r.offset % int64(r.cacheFs().opt.ChunkSize))

backend/cache/object.go

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
+//go:build !plan9 && !js
 // +build !plan9,!js
 
 package cache
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"path"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/readers"
@@ -177,10 +178,14 @@ func (o *Object) refreshFromSource(ctx context.Context, force bool) error {
 	}
 	if o.isTempFile() {
 		liveObject, err = o.ParentFs.NewObject(ctx, o.Remote())
-		err = errors.Wrapf(err, "in parent fs %v", o.ParentFs)
+		if err != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("in parent fs %v: %w", o.ParentFs, err)
+		}
 	} else {
 		liveObject, err = o.CacheFs.Fs.NewObject(ctx, o.Remote())
-		err = errors.Wrapf(err, "in cache fs %v", o.CacheFs.Fs)
+		if err != nil {
+			err = fmt.Errorf("in cache fs %v: %w", o.CacheFs.Fs, err)
+		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		fs.Errorf(o, "error refreshing object in : %v", err)
@@ -252,7 +257,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		defer o.CacheFs.backgroundRunner.play()
 		// don't allow started uploads
 		if o.isTempFile() && o.tempFileStartedUpload() {
-			return errors.Errorf("%v is currently uploading, can't update", o)
+			return fmt.Errorf("%v is currently uploading, can't update", o)
 		}
 	}
 	fs.Debugf(o, "updating object contents with size %v", src.Size())
@@ -291,7 +296,7 @@ func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) error {
 		defer o.CacheFs.backgroundRunner.play()
 		// don't allow started uploads
 		if o.isTempFile() && o.tempFileStartedUpload() {
-			return errors.Errorf("%v is currently uploading, can't delete", o)
+			return fmt.Errorf("%v is currently uploading, can't delete", o)
 		}
 	}
 	err := o.Object.Remove(ctx)

backend/cache/plex.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build !plan9 && !js
 // +build !plan9,!js
 
 package cache
@@ -7,7 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@ func (p *plexConnector) listenWebsocket() {
 								continue
 							}
 							var data []byte
-							data, err = ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+							data, err = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
 							if err != nil {
 								continue
 							}
@@ -212,7 +213,7 @@ func (p *plexConnector) authenticate() error {
 	var data map[string]interface{}
 	err = json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&data)
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to obtain token: %v", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to obtain token: %w", err)
 	}
 	tokenGen, ok := get(data, "user", "authToken")
 	if !ok {

backend/cache/storage_memory.go

@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
+//go:build !plan9 && !js
 // +build !plan9,!js
 
 package cache
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	cache "github.com/patrickmn/go-cache"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 )
 
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ func (m *Memory) GetChunk(cachedObject *Object, offset int64) ([]byte, error) {
 		return data, nil
 	}
 
-	return nil, errors.Errorf("couldn't get cached object data at offset %v", offset)
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't get cached object data at offset %v", offset)
 }
 
 // AddChunk adds a new chunk of a cached object
@@ -75,10 +76,7 @@ func (m *Memory) CleanChunksByAge(chunkAge time.Duration) {
 
 // CleanChunksByNeed will cleanup chunks after the FS passes a specific chunk
 func (m *Memory) CleanChunksByNeed(offset int64) {
-	var items map[string]cache.Item
-
-	items = m.db.Items()
-	for key := range items {
+	for key := range m.db.Items() {
 		sepIdx := strings.LastIndex(key, "-")
 		keyOffset, err := strconv.ParseInt(key[sepIdx+1:], 10, 64)
 		if err != nil {

backend/cache/storage_persistent.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build !plan9 && !js
 // +build !plan9,!js
 
 package cache
@@ -8,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"path"
 	"strconv"
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/walk"
 	bolt "go.etcd.io/bbolt"
@@ -119,11 +118,11 @@ func (b *Persistent) connect() error {
 
 	err = os.MkdirAll(b.dataPath, os.ModePerm)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to create a data directory %q", b.dataPath)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create a data directory %q: %w", b.dataPath, err)
 	}
 	b.db, err = bolt.Open(b.dbPath, 0644, &bolt.Options{Timeout: b.features.DbWaitTime})
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to open a cache connection to %q", b.dbPath)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open a cache connection to %q: %w", b.dbPath, err)
 	}
 	if b.features.PurgeDb {
 		b.Purge()
@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) GetDir(remote string) (*Directory, error) {
 	err := b.db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := b.getBucket(remote, false, tx)
 		if bucket == nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't open bucket (%v)", remote)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open bucket (%v)", remote)
 		}
 
 		data := bucket.Get([]byte("."))
@@ -183,7 +182,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) GetDir(remote string) (*Directory, error) {
 			return json.Unmarshal(data, cd)
 		}
 
-		return errors.Errorf("%v not found", remote)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%v not found", remote)
 	})
 
 	return cd, err
@@ -208,7 +207,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) AddBatchDir(cachedDirs []*Directory) error {
 			bucket = b.getBucket(cachedDirs[0].Dir, true, tx)
 		}
 		if bucket == nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't open bucket (%v)", cachedDirs[0].Dir)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open bucket (%v)", cachedDirs[0].Dir)
 		}
 
 		for _, cachedDir := range cachedDirs {
@@ -225,7 +224,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) AddBatchDir(cachedDirs []*Directory) error {
 
 			encoded, err := json.Marshal(cachedDir)
 			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Errorf("couldn't marshal object (%v): %v", cachedDir, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("couldn't marshal object (%v): %v", cachedDir, err)
 			}
 			err = b.Put([]byte("."), encoded)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -243,17 +242,17 @@ func (b *Persistent) GetDirEntries(cachedDir *Directory) (fs.DirEntries, error)
 	err := b.db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := b.getBucket(cachedDir.abs(), false, tx)
 		if bucket == nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't open bucket (%v)", cachedDir.abs())
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open bucket (%v)", cachedDir.abs())
 		}
 
 		val := bucket.Get([]byte("."))
 		if val != nil {
 			err := json.Unmarshal(val, cachedDir)
 			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Errorf("error during unmarshalling obj: %v", err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("error during unmarshalling obj: %w", err)
 			}
 		} else {
-			return errors.Errorf("missing cached dir: %v", cachedDir)
+			return fmt.Errorf("missing cached dir: %v", cachedDir)
 		}
 
 		c := bucket.Cursor()
@@ -268,7 +267,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) GetDirEntries(cachedDir *Directory) (fs.DirEntries, error)
 				// we try to find a cached meta for the dir
 				currentBucket := c.Bucket().Bucket(k)
 				if currentBucket == nil {
-					return errors.Errorf("couldn't open bucket (%v)", string(k))
+					return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open bucket (%v)", string(k))
 				}
 
 				metaKey := currentBucket.Get([]byte("."))
@@ -317,7 +316,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) RemoveDir(fp string) error {
 		err = b.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 			bucket := b.getBucket(cleanPath(parentDir), false, tx)
 			if bucket == nil {
-				return errors.Errorf("couldn't open bucket (%v)", fp)
+				return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open bucket (%v)", fp)
 			}
 			// delete the cached dir
 			err := bucket.DeleteBucket([]byte(cleanPath(dirName)))
@@ -377,13 +376,13 @@ func (b *Persistent) GetObject(cachedObject *Object) (err error) {
 	return b.db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := b.getBucket(cachedObject.Dir, false, tx)
 		if bucket == nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't open parent bucket for %v", cachedObject.Dir)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open parent bucket for %v", cachedObject.Dir)
 		}
 		val := bucket.Get([]byte(cachedObject.Name))
 		if val != nil {
 			return json.Unmarshal(val, cachedObject)
 		}
-		return errors.Errorf("couldn't find object (%v)", cachedObject.Name)
+		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't find object (%v)", cachedObject.Name)
 	})
 }
 
@@ -392,16 +391,16 @@ func (b *Persistent) AddObject(cachedObject *Object) error {
 	return b.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := b.getBucket(cachedObject.Dir, true, tx)
 		if bucket == nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't open parent bucket for %v", cachedObject)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open parent bucket for %v", cachedObject)
 		}
 		// cache Object Info
 		encoded, err := json.Marshal(cachedObject)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't marshal object (%v) info: %v", cachedObject, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't marshal object (%v) info: %v", cachedObject, err)
 		}
 		err = bucket.Put([]byte(cachedObject.Name), encoded)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't cache object (%v) info: %v", cachedObject, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't cache object (%v) info: %v", cachedObject, err)
 		}
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -413,7 +412,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) RemoveObject(fp string) error {
 	return b.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := b.getBucket(cleanPath(parentDir), false, tx)
 		if bucket == nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't open parent bucket for %v", cleanPath(parentDir))
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open parent bucket for %v", cleanPath(parentDir))
 		}
 		err := bucket.Delete([]byte(cleanPath(objName)))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -445,7 +444,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) HasEntry(remote string) bool {
 	err := b.db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := b.getBucket(dir, false, tx)
 		if bucket == nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't open parent bucket for %v", remote)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open parent bucket for %v", remote)
 		}
 		if f := bucket.Bucket([]byte(name)); f != nil {
 			return nil
@@ -454,12 +453,9 @@ func (b *Persistent) HasEntry(remote string) bool {
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		return errors.Errorf("couldn't find object (%v)", remote)
+		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't find object (%v)", remote)
 	})
-	if err == nil {
-		return true
-	}
-	return false
+	return err == nil
 }
 
 // HasChunk confirms the existence of a single chunk of an object
@@ -476,7 +472,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) GetChunk(cachedObject *Object, offset int64) ([]byte, error
 	var data []byte
 
 	fp := path.Join(b.dataPath, cachedObject.abs(), strconv.FormatInt(offset, 10))
-	data, err := ioutil.ReadFile(fp)
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(fp)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -489,7 +485,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) AddChunk(fp string, data []byte, offset int64) error {
 	_ = os.MkdirAll(path.Join(b.dataPath, fp), os.ModePerm)
 
 	filePath := path.Join(b.dataPath, fp, strconv.FormatInt(offset, 10))
-	err := ioutil.WriteFile(filePath, data, os.ModePerm)
+	err := os.WriteFile(filePath, data, os.ModePerm)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -554,7 +550,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) CleanChunksBySize(maxSize int64) {
 	err := b.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		dataTsBucket := tx.Bucket([]byte(DataTsBucket))
 		if dataTsBucket == nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("Couldn't open (%v) bucket", DataTsBucket)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't open (%v) bucket", DataTsBucket)
 		}
 		// iterate through ts
 		c := dataTsBucket.Cursor()
@@ -732,7 +728,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) GetChunkTs(path string, offset int64) (time.Time, error) {
 				return nil
 			}
 		}
-		return errors.Errorf("not found %v-%v", path, offset)
+		return fmt.Errorf("not found %v-%v", path, offset)
 	})
 
 	return t, err
@@ -772,7 +768,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) addPendingUpload(destPath string, started bool) error {
 	return b.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists([]byte(tempBucket))
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
 		}
 		tempObj := &tempUploadInfo{
 			DestPath: destPath,
@@ -783,11 +779,11 @@ func (b *Persistent) addPendingUpload(destPath string, started bool) error {
 		// cache Object Info
 		encoded, err := json.Marshal(tempObj)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't marshal object (%v) info: %v", destPath, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't marshal object (%v) info: %v", destPath, err)
 		}
 		err = bucket.Put([]byte(destPath), encoded)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't cache object (%v) info: %v", destPath, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't cache object (%v) info: %v", destPath, err)
 		}
 
 		return nil
@@ -802,7 +798,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) getPendingUpload(inRoot string, waitTime time.Duration) (de
 	err = b.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists([]byte(tempBucket))
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
 		}
 
 		c := bucket.Cursor()
@@ -835,7 +831,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) getPendingUpload(inRoot string, waitTime time.Duration) (de
 			return nil
 		}
 
-		return errors.Errorf("no pending upload found")
+		return fmt.Errorf("no pending upload found")
 	})
 
 	return destPath, err
@@ -846,14 +842,14 @@ func (b *Persistent) SearchPendingUpload(remote string) (started bool, err error
 	err = b.db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := tx.Bucket([]byte(tempBucket))
 		if bucket == nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
 		}
 
 		var tempObj = &tempUploadInfo{}
 		v := bucket.Get([]byte(remote))
 		err = json.Unmarshal(v, tempObj)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("pending upload (%v) not found %v", remote, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("pending upload (%v) not found %v", remote, err)
 		}
 
 		started = tempObj.Started
@@ -868,7 +864,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) searchPendingUploadFromDir(dir string) (remotes []string, e
 	err = b.db.View(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := tx.Bucket([]byte(tempBucket))
 		if bucket == nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
 		}
 
 		c := bucket.Cursor()
@@ -898,22 +894,22 @@ func (b *Persistent) rollbackPendingUpload(remote string) error {
 	return b.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists([]byte(tempBucket))
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
 		}
 		var tempObj = &tempUploadInfo{}
 		v := bucket.Get([]byte(remote))
 		err = json.Unmarshal(v, tempObj)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("pending upload (%v) not found %v", remote, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("pending upload (%v) not found: %w", remote, err)
 		}
 		tempObj.Started = false
 		v2, err := json.Marshal(tempObj)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("pending upload not updated %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("pending upload not updated: %w", err)
 		}
 		err = bucket.Put([]byte(tempObj.DestPath), v2)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("pending upload not updated %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("pending upload not updated: %w", err)
 		}
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -926,7 +922,7 @@ func (b *Persistent) removePendingUpload(remote string) error {
 	return b.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists([]byte(tempBucket))
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
 		}
 		return bucket.Delete([]byte(remote))
 	})
@@ -941,17 +937,17 @@ func (b *Persistent) updatePendingUpload(remote string, fn func(item *tempUpload
 	return b.db.Update(func(tx *bolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists([]byte(tempBucket))
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't bucket for %v", tempBucket)
 		}
 
 		var tempObj = &tempUploadInfo{}
 		v := bucket.Get([]byte(remote))
 		err = json.Unmarshal(v, tempObj)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("pending upload (%v) not found %v", remote, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("pending upload (%v) not found %v", remote, err)
 		}
 		if tempObj.Started {
-			return errors.Errorf("pending upload already started %v", remote)
+			return fmt.Errorf("pending upload already started %v", remote)
 		}
 		err = fn(tempObj)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -969,11 +965,11 @@ func (b *Persistent) updatePendingUpload(remote string, fn func(item *tempUpload
 		}
 		v2, err := json.Marshal(tempObj)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("pending upload not updated %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("pending upload not updated: %w", err)
 		}
 		err = bucket.Put([]byte(tempObj.DestPath), v2)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Errorf("pending upload not updated %v", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("pending upload not updated: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		return nil
@@ -1014,11 +1010,11 @@ func (b *Persistent) ReconcileTempUploads(ctx context.Context, cacheFs *Fs) erro
 			// cache Object Info
 			encoded, err := json.Marshal(tempObj)
 			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Errorf("couldn't marshal object (%v) info: %v", queuedEntry, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("couldn't marshal object (%v) info: %v", queuedEntry, err)
 			}
 			err = bucket.Put([]byte(destPath), encoded)
 			if err != nil {
-				return errors.Errorf("couldn't cache object (%v) info: %v", destPath, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("couldn't cache object (%v) info: %v", destPath, err)
 			}
 			fs.Debugf(cacheFs, "reconciled temporary upload: %v", destPath)
 		}

backend/chunker/chunker.go

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"crypto/sha1"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	gohash "hash"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"math/rand"
 	"path"
 	"regexp"
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/cache"
@@ -32,7 +31,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
 )
 
-//
 // Chunker's composite files have one or more chunks
 // and optional metadata object. If it's present,
 // meta object is named after the original file.
@@ -65,7 +63,7 @@ import (
 // length of 13 decimals it makes a 7-digit base-36 number.
 //
 // When transactions is set to the norename style, data chunks will
-// keep their temporary chunk names (with the transacion identifier
+// keep their temporary chunk names (with the transaction identifier
 // suffix). To distinguish them from temporary chunks, the txn field
 // of the metadata file is set to match the transaction identifier of
 // the data chunks.
@@ -79,7 +77,6 @@ import (
 // Metadata format v1 does not define any control chunk types,
 // they are currently ignored aka reserved.
 // In future they can be used to implement resumable uploads etc.
-//
 const (
 	ctrlTypeRegStr   = `[a-z][a-z0-9]{2,6}`
 	tempSuffixFormat = `_%04s`
@@ -150,12 +147,13 @@ func init() {
 			Name:     "remote",
 			Required: true,
 			Help: `Remote to chunk/unchunk.
+
 Normally should contain a ':' and a path, e.g. "myremote:path/to/dir",
 "myremote:bucket" or maybe "myremote:" (not recommended).`,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "chunk_size",
 			Advanced: false,
-			Default:  fs.SizeSuffix(2147483648), // 2GB
+			Default:  fs.SizeSuffix(2147483648), // 2 GiB
 			Help:     `Files larger than chunk size will be split in chunks.`,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "name_format",
@@ -163,6 +161,7 @@ Normally should contain a ':' and a path, e.g. "myremote:path/to/dir",
 			Hide:     fs.OptionHideCommandLine,
 			Default:  `*.rclone_chunk.###`,
 			Help: `String format of chunk file names.
+
 The two placeholders are: base file name (*) and chunk number (#...).
 There must be one and only one asterisk and one or more consecutive hash characters.
 If chunk number has less digits than the number of hashes, it is left-padded by zeros.
@@ -174,48 +173,57 @@ Possible chunk files are ignored if their name does not match given format.`,
 			Hide:     fs.OptionHideCommandLine,
 			Default:  1,
 			Help: `Minimum valid chunk number. Usually 0 or 1.
+
 By default chunk numbers start from 1.`,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "meta_format",
 			Advanced: true,
 			Hide:     fs.OptionHideCommandLine,
 			Default:  "simplejson",
-			Help: `Format of the metadata object or "none". By default "simplejson".
+			Help: `Format of the metadata object or "none".
+
+By default "simplejson".
 Metadata is a small JSON file named after the composite file.`,
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
 				Value: "none",
-				Help:  `Do not use metadata files at all. Requires hash type "none".`,
+				Help: `Do not use metadata files at all.
+Requires hash type "none".`,
 			}, {
 				Value: "simplejson",
 				Help: `Simple JSON supports hash sums and chunk validation.
+
 It has the following fields: ver, size, nchunks, md5, sha1.`,
 			}},
 		}, {
 			Name:     "hash_type",
 			Advanced: false,
 			Default:  "md5",
-			Help:     `Choose how chunker handles hash sums. All modes but "none" require metadata.`,
+			Help: `Choose how chunker handles hash sums.
+
+All modes but "none" require metadata.`,
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
 				Value: "none",
-				Help:  `Pass any hash supported by wrapped remote for non-chunked files, return nothing otherwise`,
+				Help: `Pass any hash supported by wrapped remote for non-chunked files.
+Return nothing otherwise.`,
 			}, {
 				Value: "md5",
-				Help:  `MD5 for composite files`,
+				Help:  `MD5 for composite files.`,
 			}, {
 				Value: "sha1",
-				Help:  `SHA1 for composite files`,
+				Help:  `SHA1 for composite files.`,
 			}, {
 				Value: "md5all",
-				Help:  `MD5 for all files`,
+				Help:  `MD5 for all files.`,
 			}, {
 				Value: "sha1all",
-				Help:  `SHA1 for all files`,
+				Help:  `SHA1 for all files.`,
 			}, {
 				Value: "md5quick",
-				Help:  `Copying a file to chunker will request MD5 from the source falling back to SHA1 if unsupported`,
+				Help: `Copying a file to chunker will request MD5 from the source.
+Falling back to SHA1 if unsupported.`,
 			}, {
 				Value: "sha1quick",
-				Help:  `Similar to "md5quick" but prefers SHA1 over MD5`,
+				Help:  `Similar to "md5quick" but prefers SHA1 over MD5.`,
 			}},
 		}, {
 			Name:     "fail_hard",
@@ -279,13 +287,13 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs,
 
 	baseName, basePath, err := fspath.SplitFs(remote)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse remote %q to wrap", remote)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse remote %q to wrap: %w", remote, err)
 	}
 	// Look for a file first
 	remotePath := fspath.JoinRootPath(basePath, rpath)
 	baseFs, err := cache.Get(ctx, baseName+remotePath)
 	if err != fs.ErrorIsFile && err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to make remote %q to wrap", baseName+remotePath)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to make remote %q to wrap: %w", baseName+remotePath, err)
 	}
 	if !operations.CanServerSideMove(baseFs) {
 		return nil, errors.New("can't use chunker on a backend which doesn't support server-side move or copy")
@@ -375,7 +383,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 // configure must be called only from NewFs or by unit tests.
 func (f *Fs) configure(nameFormat, metaFormat, hashType, transactionMode string) error {
 	if err := f.setChunkNameFormat(nameFormat); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid name format '%s'", nameFormat)
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid name format '%s': %w", nameFormat, err)
 	}
 	if err := f.setMetaFormat(metaFormat); err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -432,10 +440,10 @@ func (f *Fs) setHashType(hashType string) error {
 		f.hashFallback = true
 	case "md5all":
 		f.useMD5 = true
-		f.hashAll = !f.base.Hashes().Contains(hash.MD5)
+		f.hashAll = !f.base.Hashes().Contains(hash.MD5) || f.base.Features().SlowHash
 	case "sha1all":
 		f.useSHA1 = true
-		f.hashAll = !f.base.Hashes().Contains(hash.SHA1)
+		f.hashAll = !f.base.Hashes().Contains(hash.SHA1) || f.base.Features().SlowHash
 	default:
 		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported hash type '%s'", hashType)
 	}
@@ -504,7 +512,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setChunkNameFormat(pattern string) error {
 
 	strRegex := regexp.QuoteMeta(pattern)
 	strRegex = reHashes.ReplaceAllLiteralString(strRegex, reDataOrCtrl)
-	strRegex = strings.Replace(strRegex, "\\*", mainNameRegStr, -1)
+	strRegex = strings.ReplaceAll(strRegex, "\\*", mainNameRegStr)
 	strRegex = fmt.Sprintf("^%s(?:%s|%s)?$", strRegex, tempSuffixRegStr, tempSuffixRegOld)
 	f.nameRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(strRegex)
 
@@ -513,7 +521,7 @@ func (f *Fs) setChunkNameFormat(pattern string) error {
 	if numDigits > 1 {
 		fmtDigits = fmt.Sprintf("%%0%dd", numDigits)
 	}
-	strFmt := strings.Replace(pattern, "%", "%%", -1)
+	strFmt := strings.ReplaceAll(pattern, "%", "%%")
 	strFmt = strings.Replace(strFmt, "*", "%s", 1)
 	f.dataNameFmt = reHashes.ReplaceAllLiteralString(strFmt, fmtDigits)
 	f.ctrlNameFmt = reHashes.ReplaceAllLiteralString(strFmt, "_%s")
@@ -531,7 +539,6 @@ func (f *Fs) setChunkNameFormat(pattern string) error {
 //
 // xactID is a transaction identifier. Empty xactID denotes active chunk,
 // otherwise temporary chunk name is produced.
-//
 func (f *Fs) makeChunkName(filePath string, chunkNo int, ctrlType, xactID string) string {
 	dir, parentName := path.Split(filePath)
 	var name, tempSuffix string
@@ -697,7 +704,6 @@ func (f *Fs) newXactID(ctx context.Context, filePath string) (xactID string, err
 // directory together with dead chunks.
 // In future a flag named like `--chunker-list-hidden` may be added to
 // rclone that will tell List to reveal hidden chunks.
-//
 func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
 	entries, err = f.base.List(ctx, dir)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -812,7 +818,7 @@ func (f *Fs) processEntries(ctx context.Context, origEntries fs.DirEntries, dirP
 			tempEntries = append(tempEntries, wrapDir)
 		default:
 			if f.opt.FailHard {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("Unknown object type %T", entry)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown object type %T", entry)
 			}
 			fs.Debugf(f, "unknown object type %T", entry)
 		}
@@ -857,7 +863,6 @@ func (f *Fs) processEntries(ctx context.Context, origEntries fs.DirEntries, dirP
 // Note that chunker prefers analyzing file names rather than reading
 // the content of meta object assuming that directory scans are fast
 // but opening even a small file can be slow on some backends.
-//
 func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
 	return f.scanObject(ctx, remote, false)
 }
@@ -867,7 +872,7 @@ func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
 // ignores non-chunked objects and skips chunk size checks.
 func (f *Fs) scanObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, quickScan bool) (fs.Object, error) {
 	if err := f.forbidChunk(false, remote); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "can't access")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't access: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	var (
@@ -916,7 +921,7 @@ func (f *Fs) scanObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, quickScan bool) (fs.
 	case fs.ErrorDirNotFound:
 		entries = nil
 	default:
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "can't detect composite file")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't detect composite file: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if f.useNoRename {
@@ -1032,7 +1037,7 @@ func (o *Object) readMetadata(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	metadata, err := ioutil.ReadAll(reader)
+	metadata, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
 	_ = reader.Close() // ensure file handle is freed on windows
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -1056,7 +1061,7 @@ func (o *Object) readMetadata(ctx context.Context) error {
 		case ErrMetaTooBig, ErrMetaUnknown:
 			return err // return these errors unwrapped for unit tests
 		default:
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "invalid metadata")
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid metadata: %w", err)
 		}
 		if o.size != metaInfo.Size() || len(o.chunks) != metaInfo.nChunks {
 			return errors.New("metadata doesn't match file size")
@@ -1073,7 +1078,7 @@ func (o *Object) readMetadata(ctx context.Context) error {
 
 // readXactID returns the transaction ID stored in the passed metadata object
 func (o *Object) readXactID(ctx context.Context) (xactID string, err error) {
-	// if xactID has already been read and cahced return it now
+	// if xactID has already been read and cached return it now
 	if o.xIDCached {
 		return o.xactID, nil
 	}
@@ -1091,7 +1096,7 @@ func (o *Object) readXactID(ctx context.Context) (xactID string, err error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(reader)
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
 	_ = reader.Close() // ensure file handle is freed on windows
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
@@ -1099,7 +1104,7 @@ func (o *Object) readXactID(ctx context.Context) (xactID string, err error) {
 
 	switch o.f.opt.MetaFormat {
 	case "simplejson":
-		if data != nil && len(data) > maxMetadataSizeWritten {
+		if len(data) > maxMetadataSizeWritten {
 			return "", nil // this was likely not a metadata object, return empty xactID but don't throw error
 		}
 		var metadata metaSimpleJSON
@@ -1121,7 +1126,7 @@ func (f *Fs) put(
 
 	// Perform consistency checks
 	if err := f.forbidChunk(src, remote); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, action+" refused")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s refused: %w", action, err)
 	}
 	if target == nil {
 		// Get target object with a quick directory scan
@@ -1135,7 +1140,7 @@ func (f *Fs) put(
 		obj := target.(*Object)
 		if err := obj.readMetadata(ctx); err == ErrMetaUnknown {
 			// refuse to update a file of unsupported format
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "refusing to "+action)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("refusing to %s: %w", action, err)
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1214,7 +1219,7 @@ func (f *Fs) put(
 		// and skips the "EOF" read. Hence, switch to next limit here.
 		if !(c.chunkLimit == 0 || c.chunkLimit == c.chunkSize || c.sizeTotal == -1 || c.done) {
 			silentlyRemove(ctx, chunk)
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Destination ignored %d data bytes", c.chunkLimit)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("destination ignored %d data bytes", c.chunkLimit)
 		}
 		c.chunkLimit = c.chunkSize
 
@@ -1223,7 +1228,7 @@ func (f *Fs) put(
 
 	// Validate uploaded size
 	if c.sizeTotal != -1 && c.readCount != c.sizeTotal {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Incorrect upload size %d != %d", c.readCount, c.sizeTotal)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("incorrect upload size %d != %d", c.readCount, c.sizeTotal)
 	}
 
 	// Check for input that looks like valid metadata
@@ -1260,7 +1265,7 @@ func (f *Fs) put(
 		sizeTotal += chunk.Size()
 	}
 	if sizeTotal != c.readCount {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Incorrect chunks size %d != %d", sizeTotal, c.readCount)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("incorrect chunks size %d != %d", sizeTotal, c.readCount)
 	}
 
 	// If previous object was chunked, remove its chunks
@@ -1448,7 +1453,7 @@ func (c *chunkingReader) dummyRead(in io.Reader, size int64) error {
 		c.accountBytes(size)
 		return nil
 	}
-	const bufLen = 1048576 // 1MB
+	const bufLen = 1048576 // 1 MiB
 	buf := make([]byte, bufLen)
 	for size > 0 {
 		n := size
@@ -1553,7 +1558,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set {
 // Shouldn't return an error if it already exists
 func (f *Fs) Mkdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 	if err := f.forbidChunk(dir, dir); err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "can't mkdir")
+		return fmt.Errorf("can't mkdir: %w", err)
 	}
 	return f.base.Mkdir(ctx, dir)
 }
@@ -1575,7 +1580,6 @@ func (f *Fs) Rmdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 // This command will chain to `purge` from wrapped remote.
 // As a result it removes not only composite chunker files with their
 // active chunks but also all hidden temporary chunks in the directory.
-//
 func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 	do := f.base.Features().Purge
 	if do == nil {
@@ -1617,12 +1621,11 @@ func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 // Unsupported control chunks will get re-picked by a more recent
 // rclone version with unexpected results. This can be helped by
 // the `delete hidden` flag above or at least the user has been warned.
-//
 func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	if err := o.f.forbidChunk(o, o.Remote()); err != nil {
 		// operations.Move can still call Remove if chunker's Move refuses
 		// to corrupt file in hard mode. Hence, refuse to Remove, too.
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "refuse to corrupt")
+		return fmt.Errorf("refuse to corrupt: %w", err)
 	}
 	if err := o.readMetadata(ctx); err == ErrMetaUnknown {
 		// Proceed but warn user that unexpected things can happen.
@@ -1650,12 +1653,12 @@ func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 // copyOrMove implements copy or move
 func (f *Fs) copyOrMove(ctx context.Context, o *Object, remote string, do copyMoveFn, md5, sha1, opName string) (fs.Object, error) {
 	if err := f.forbidChunk(o, remote); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "can't %s", opName)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't %s: %w", opName, err)
 	}
 	if err := o.readMetadata(ctx); err != nil {
 		// Refuse to copy/move composite files with invalid or future
 		// metadata format which might involve unsupported chunk types.
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "can't %s this file", opName)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't %s this file: %w", opName, err)
 	}
 	if !o.isComposite() {
 		fs.Debugf(o, "%s non-chunked object...", opName)
@@ -1793,9 +1796,9 @@ func (f *Fs) okForServerSide(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, opName string)
 
 // Copy src to this remote using server-side copy operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -1814,9 +1817,9 @@ func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 
 // Move src to this remote using server-side move operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -1884,7 +1887,7 @@ func (f *Fs) DirMove(ctx context.Context, src fs.Fs, srcRemote, dstRemote string
 func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) error {
 	do := f.base.Features().CleanUp
 	if do == nil {
-		return errors.New("can't CleanUp")
+		return errors.New("not supported by underlying remote")
 	}
 	return do(ctx)
 }
@@ -1893,7 +1896,7 @@ func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) error {
 func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (*fs.Usage, error) {
 	do := f.base.Features().About
 	if do == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("About not supported")
+		return nil, errors.New("not supported by underlying remote")
 	}
 	return do(ctx)
 }
@@ -2114,7 +2117,6 @@ func (o *Object) SetModTime(ctx context.Context, mtime time.Time) error {
 // file, then tries to read it from metadata. This in theory
 // handles the unusual case when a small file has been tampered
 // on the level of wrapped remote but chunker is unaware of that.
-//
 func (o *Object) Hash(ctx context.Context, hashType hash.Type) (string, error) {
 	if err := o.readMetadata(ctx); err != nil {
 		return "", err // valid metadata is required to get hash, abort
@@ -2152,7 +2154,7 @@ func (o *Object) UnWrap() fs.Object {
 func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (rc io.ReadCloser, err error) {
 	if err := o.readMetadata(ctx); err != nil {
 		// refuse to open unsupported format
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "can't open")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't open: %w", err)
 	}
 	if !o.isComposite() {
 		return o.mainChunk().Open(ctx, options...) // chain to wrapped non-chunked file
@@ -2403,7 +2405,6 @@ type metaSimpleJSON struct {
 // - for files larger than chunk size
 // - if file contents can be mistaken as meta object
 // - if consistent hashing is On but wrapped remote can't provide given hash
-//
 func marshalSimpleJSON(ctx context.Context, size int64, nChunks int, md5, sha1, xactID string) ([]byte, error) {
 	version := metadataVersion
 	if xactID == "" && version == 2 {
@@ -2436,11 +2437,10 @@ func marshalSimpleJSON(ctx context.Context, size int64, nChunks int, md5, sha1,
 // New format will have a higher version number and cannot be correctly
 // handled by current implementation.
 // The version check below will then explicitly ask user to upgrade rclone.
-//
 func unmarshalSimpleJSON(ctx context.Context, metaObject fs.Object, data []byte) (info *ObjectInfo, madeByChunker bool, err error) {
 	// Be strict about JSON format
 	// to reduce possibility that a random small file resembles metadata.
-	if data != nil && len(data) > maxMetadataSizeWritten {
+	if len(data) > maxMetadataSizeWritten {
 		return nil, false, ErrMetaTooBig
 	}
 	if data == nil || len(data) < 2 || data[0] != '{' || data[len(data)-1] != '}' {

backend/chunker/chunker_internal_test.go

@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"path"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fspath"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/object"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
@@ -33,11 +35,35 @@ func testPutLarge(t *testing.T, f *Fs, kilobytes int) {
 		fstests.TestPutLarge(context.Background(), t, f, &fstest.Item{
 			ModTime: fstest.Time("2001-02-03T04:05:06.499999999Z"),
 			Path:    fmt.Sprintf("chunker-upload-%dk", kilobytes),
-			Size:    int64(kilobytes) * int64(fs.KibiByte),
+			Size:    int64(kilobytes) * int64(fs.Kibi),
 		})
 	})
 }
 
+type settings map[string]interface{}
+
+func deriveFs(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, f fs.Fs, path string, opts settings) fs.Fs {
+	fsName := strings.Split(f.Name(), "{")[0] // strip off hash
+	configMap := configmap.Simple{}
+	for key, val := range opts {
+		configMap[key] = fmt.Sprintf("%v", val)
+	}
+	rpath := fspath.JoinRootPath(f.Root(), path)
+	remote := fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s:%s", fsName, configMap.String(), rpath)
+	fixFs, err := fs.NewFs(ctx, remote)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return fixFs
+}
+
+var mtime1 = fstest.Time("2001-02-03T04:05:06.499999999Z")
+
+func testPutFile(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, f fs.Fs, name, contents, message string, check bool) fs.Object {
+	item := fstest.Item{Path: name, ModTime: mtime1}
+	obj := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &item, contents, check)
+	assert.NotNil(t, obj, message)
+	return obj
+}
+
 // test chunk name parser
 func testChunkNameFormat(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 	saveOpt := f.opt
@@ -387,7 +413,7 @@ func testSmallFileInternals(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 		if r == nil {
 			return
 		}
-		data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r)
+		data, err := io.ReadAll(r)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, contents, string(data))
 		_ = r.Close()
@@ -414,7 +440,7 @@ func testSmallFileInternals(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 	checkSmallFile := func(name, contents string) {
 		filename := path.Join(dir, name)
 		item := fstest.Item{Path: filename, ModTime: modTime}
-		_, put := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &item, contents, false)
+		put := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &item, contents, false)
 		assert.NotNil(t, put)
 		checkSmallFileInternals(put)
 		checkContents(put, contents)
@@ -463,7 +489,7 @@ func testPreventCorruption(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 
 	newFile := func(name string) fs.Object {
 		item := fstest.Item{Path: path.Join(dir, name), ModTime: modTime}
-		_, obj := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &item, contents, true)
+		obj := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &item, contents, true)
 		require.NotNil(t, obj)
 		return obj
 	}
@@ -512,7 +538,7 @@ func testPreventCorruption(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	var chunkContents []byte
 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
-		chunkContents, err = ioutil.ReadAll(r)
+		chunkContents, err = io.ReadAll(r)
 		_ = r.Close()
 	})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -547,7 +573,7 @@ func testPreventCorruption(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 	r, err = willyChunk.Open(ctx)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
-		_, err = ioutil.ReadAll(r)
+		_, err = io.ReadAll(r)
 		_ = r.Close()
 	})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -573,7 +599,7 @@ func testChunkNumberOverflow(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 	newFile := func(f fs.Fs, name string) (obj fs.Object, filename string, txnID string) {
 		filename = path.Join(dir, name)
 		item := fstest.Item{Path: filename, ModTime: modTime}
-		_, obj = fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &item, contents, true)
+		obj = fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &item, contents, true)
 		require.NotNil(t, obj)
 		if chunkObj, isChunkObj := obj.(*Object); isChunkObj {
 			txnID = chunkObj.xactID
@@ -617,22 +643,13 @@ func testMetadataInput(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 	}()
 	f.opt.FailHard = false
 
-	modTime := fstest.Time("2001-02-03T04:05:06.499999999Z")
-
-	putFile := func(f fs.Fs, name, contents, message string, check bool) fs.Object {
-		item := fstest.Item{Path: name, ModTime: modTime}
-		_, obj := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &item, contents, check)
-		assert.NotNil(t, obj, message)
-		return obj
-	}
-
 	runSubtest := func(contents, name string) {
 		description := fmt.Sprintf("file with %s metadata", name)
 		filename := path.Join(dir, name)
 		require.True(t, len(contents) > 2 && len(contents) < minChunkForTest, description+" test data is correct")
 
-		part := putFile(f.base, f.makeChunkName(filename, 0, "", ""), "oops", "", true)
-		_ = putFile(f, filename, contents, "upload "+description, false)
+		part := testPutFile(ctx, t, f.base, f.makeChunkName(filename, 0, "", ""), "oops", "", true)
+		_ = testPutFile(ctx, t, f, filename, contents, "upload "+description, false)
 
 		obj, err := f.NewObject(ctx, filename)
 		assert.NoError(t, err, "access "+description)
@@ -655,7 +672,7 @@ func testMetadataInput(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 		assert.NoError(t, err, "open "+description)
 		assert.NotNil(t, r, "open stream of "+description)
 		if err == nil && r != nil {
-			data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r)
+			data, err := io.ReadAll(r)
 			assert.NoError(t, err, "read all of "+description)
 			assert.Equal(t, contents, string(data), description+" contents is ok")
 			_ = r.Close()
@@ -678,7 +695,7 @@ func testMetadataInput(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 
 // Test that chunker refuses to change on objects with future/unknown metadata
 func testFutureProof(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
-	if f.opt.MetaFormat == "none" {
+	if !f.useMeta {
 		t.Skip("this test requires metadata support")
 	}
 
@@ -699,7 +716,7 @@ func testFutureProof(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 			name = f.makeChunkName(name, part-1, "", "")
 		}
 		item := fstest.Item{Path: name, ModTime: modTime}
-		_, obj := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f.base, &item, data, true)
+		obj := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f.base, &item, data, true)
 		assert.NotNil(t, obj, msg)
 	}
 
@@ -741,8 +758,8 @@ func testFutureProof(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 
 	// Rcat must fail
-	in := ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewBufferString("abc"))
-	robj, err := operations.Rcat(ctx, f, file, in, modTime)
+	in := io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBufferString("abc"))
+	robj, err := operations.Rcat(ctx, f, file, in, modTime, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, robj)
 	assert.NotNil(t, err)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -773,7 +790,7 @@ func testBackwardsCompatibility(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 	newFile := func(f fs.Fs, name string) (fs.Object, string) {
 		filename := path.Join(dir, name)
 		item := fstest.Item{Path: filename, ModTime: modTime}
-		_, obj := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &item, contents, true)
+		obj := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &item, contents, true)
 		require.NotNil(t, obj)
 		return obj, filename
 	}
@@ -827,7 +844,7 @@ func testChunkerServerSideMove(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 	modTime := fstest.Time("2001-02-03T04:05:06.499999999Z")
 	item := fstest.Item{Path: "movefile", ModTime: modTime}
 	contents := "abcdef"
-	_, file := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, fs1, &item, contents, true)
+	file := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, fs1, &item, contents, true)
 
 	dstOverwritten, _ := fs2.NewObject(ctx, "movefile")
 	dstFile, err := operations.Move(ctx, fs2, dstOverwritten, "movefile", file)
@@ -837,13 +854,51 @@ func testChunkerServerSideMove(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 	r, err := dstFile.Open(ctx)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.NotNil(t, r)
-	data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(r)
+	data, err := io.ReadAll(r)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, contents, string(data))
 	_ = r.Close()
 	_ = operations.Purge(ctx, f.base, dir)
 }
 
+// Test that md5all creates metadata even for small files
+func testMD5AllSlow(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	fsResult := deriveFs(ctx, t, f, "md5all", settings{
+		"chunk_size":   "1P",
+		"name_format":  "*.#",
+		"hash_type":    "md5all",
+		"transactions": "rename",
+		"meta_format":  "simplejson",
+	})
+	chunkFs, ok := fsResult.(*Fs)
+	require.True(t, ok, "fs must be a chunker remote")
+	baseFs := chunkFs.base
+	if !baseFs.Features().SlowHash {
+		t.Skipf("this test needs a base fs with slow hash, e.g. local")
+	}
+
+	assert.True(t, chunkFs.useMD5, "must use md5")
+	assert.True(t, chunkFs.hashAll, "must hash all files")
+
+	_ = testPutFile(ctx, t, chunkFs, "file", "-", "error", true)
+	obj, err := chunkFs.NewObject(ctx, "file")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	sum, err := obj.Hash(ctx, hash.MD5)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "336d5ebc5436534e61d16e63ddfca327", sum)
+
+	list, err := baseFs.List(ctx, "")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 2, len(list))
+	_, err = baseFs.NewObject(ctx, "file")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "metadata must be created")
+	_, err = baseFs.NewObject(ctx, "file.1")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "first chunk must be created")
+
+	require.NoError(t, operations.Purge(ctx, baseFs, ""))
+}
+
 // InternalTest dispatches all internal tests
 func (f *Fs) InternalTest(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("PutLarge", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -876,6 +931,9 @@ func (f *Fs) InternalTest(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("ChunkerServerSideMove", func(t *testing.T) {
 		testChunkerServerSideMove(t, f)
 	})
+	t.Run("MD5AllSlow", func(t *testing.T) {
+		testMD5AllSlow(t, f)
+	})
 }
 
 var _ fstests.InternalTester = (*Fs)(nil)

backend/chunker/chunker_test.go

@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 			"MimeType",
 			"GetTier",
 			"SetTier",
+			"Metadata",
 		},
 		UnimplementableFsMethods: []string{
 			"PublicLink",
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 			{Name: name, Key: "type", Value: "chunker"},
 			{Name: name, Key: "remote", Value: tempDir},
 		}
+		opt.QuickTestOK = true
 	}
 	fstests.Run(t, &opt)
 }

backend/combine/combine.go

@@ -0,0 +1,992 @@
+// Package combine implents a backend to combine multiple remotes in a directory tree
+package combine
+
+/*
+   Have API to add/remove branches in the combine
+*/
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/cache"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configstruct"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/walk"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+)
+
+// Register with Fs
+func init() {
+	fsi := &fs.RegInfo{
+		Name:        "combine",
+		Description: "Combine several remotes into one",
+		NewFs:       NewFs,
+		MetadataInfo: &fs.MetadataInfo{
+			Help: `Any metadata supported by the underlying remote is read and written.`,
+		},
+		Options: []fs.Option{{
+			Name: "upstreams",
+			Help: `Upstreams for combining
+
+These should be in the form
+
+    dir=remote:path dir2=remote2:path
+
+Where before the = is specified the root directory and after is the remote to
+put there.
+
+Embedded spaces can be added using quotes
+
+    "dir=remote:path with space" "dir2=remote2:path with space"
+
+`,
+			Required: true,
+			Default:  fs.SpaceSepList(nil),
+		}},
+	}
+	fs.Register(fsi)
+}
+
+// Options defines the configuration for this backend
+type Options struct {
+	Upstreams fs.SpaceSepList `config:"upstreams"`
+}
+
+// Fs represents a combine of upstreams
+type Fs struct {
+	name      string               // name of this remote
+	features  *fs.Features         // optional features
+	opt       Options              // options for this Fs
+	root      string               // the path we are working on
+	hashSet   hash.Set             // common hashes
+	when      time.Time            // directory times
+	upstreams map[string]*upstream // map of upstreams
+}
+
+// adjustment stores the info to add a prefix to a path or chop characters off
+type adjustment struct {
+	root            string
+	rootSlash       string
+	mountpoint      string
+	mountpointSlash string
+}
+
+// newAdjustment makes a new path adjustment adjusting between mountpoint and root
+//
+// mountpoint is the point the upstream is mounted and root is the combine root
+func newAdjustment(root, mountpoint string) (a adjustment) {
+	return adjustment{
+		root:            root,
+		rootSlash:       root + "/",
+		mountpoint:      mountpoint,
+		mountpointSlash: mountpoint + "/",
+	}
+}
+
+var errNotUnderRoot = errors.New("file not under root")
+
+// do makes the adjustment on s, mapping an upstream path into a combine path
+func (a *adjustment) do(s string) (string, error) {
+	absPath := join(a.mountpoint, s)
+	if a.root == "" {
+		return absPath, nil
+	}
+	if absPath == a.root {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(absPath, a.rootSlash) {
+		return "", errNotUnderRoot
+	}
+	return absPath[len(a.rootSlash):], nil
+}
+
+// undo makes the adjustment on s, mapping a combine path into an upstream path
+func (a *adjustment) undo(s string) (string, error) {
+	absPath := join(a.root, s)
+	if absPath == a.mountpoint {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(absPath, a.mountpointSlash) {
+		return "", errNotUnderRoot
+	}
+	return absPath[len(a.mountpointSlash):], nil
+}
+
+// upstream represents an upstream Fs
+type upstream struct {
+	f              fs.Fs
+	parent         *Fs
+	dir            string     // directory the upstream is mounted
+	pathAdjustment adjustment // how to fiddle with the path
+}
+
+// Create an upstream from the directory it is mounted on and the remote
+func (f *Fs) newUpstream(ctx context.Context, dir, remote string) (*upstream, error) {
+	uFs, err := cache.Get(ctx, remote)
+	if err == fs.ErrorIsFile {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't combine files yet, only directories %q: %w", remote, err)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create upstream %q: %w", remote, err)
+	}
+	u := &upstream{
+		f:              uFs,
+		parent:         f,
+		dir:            dir,
+		pathAdjustment: newAdjustment(f.root, dir),
+	}
+	cache.PinUntilFinalized(u.f, u)
+	return u, nil
+}
+
+// NewFs constructs an Fs from the path.
+//
+// The returned Fs is the actual Fs, referenced by remote in the config
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (outFs fs.Fs, err error) {
+	// defer log.Trace(nil, "name=%q, root=%q, m=%v", name, root, m)("f=%+v, err=%v", &outFs, &err)
+	// Parse config into Options struct
+	opt := new(Options)
+	err = configstruct.Set(m, opt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// Backward compatible to old config
+	if len(opt.Upstreams) == 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("combine can't point to an empty upstream - check the value of the upstreams setting")
+	}
+	for _, u := range opt.Upstreams {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(u, name+":") {
+			return nil, errors.New("can't point combine remote at itself - check the value of the upstreams setting")
+		}
+	}
+	isDir := false
+	for strings.HasSuffix(root, "/") {
+		root = root[:len(root)-1]
+		isDir = true
+	}
+
+	f := &Fs{
+		name:      name,
+		root:      root,
+		opt:       *opt,
+		upstreams: make(map[string]*upstream, len(opt.Upstreams)),
+		when:      time.Now(),
+	}
+
+	g, gCtx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+	var mu sync.Mutex
+	for _, upstream := range opt.Upstreams {
+		upstream := upstream
+		g.Go(func() (err error) {
+			equal := strings.IndexRune(upstream, '=')
+			if equal < 0 {
+				return fmt.Errorf("no \"=\" in upstream definition %q", upstream)
+			}
+			dir, remote := upstream[:equal], upstream[equal+1:]
+			if dir == "" {
+				return fmt.Errorf("empty dir in upstream definition %q", upstream)
+			}
+			if remote == "" {
+				return fmt.Errorf("empty remote in upstream definition %q", upstream)
+			}
+			if strings.ContainsRune(dir, '/') {
+				return fmt.Errorf("dirs can't contain / (yet): %q", dir)
+			}
+			u, err := f.newUpstream(gCtx, dir, remote)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			mu.Lock()
+			if _, found := f.upstreams[dir]; found {
+				err = fmt.Errorf("duplicate directory name %q", dir)
+			} else {
+				f.upstreams[dir] = u
+			}
+			mu.Unlock()
+			return err
+		})
+	}
+	err = g.Wait()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// check features
+	var features = (&fs.Features{
+		CaseInsensitive:         true,
+		DuplicateFiles:          false,
+		ReadMimeType:            true,
+		WriteMimeType:           true,
+		CanHaveEmptyDirectories: true,
+		BucketBased:             true,
+		SetTier:                 true,
+		GetTier:                 true,
+		ReadMetadata:            true,
+		WriteMetadata:           true,
+		UserMetadata:            true,
+	}).Fill(ctx, f)
+	canMove := true
+	for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+		features = features.Mask(ctx, u.f) // Mask all upstream fs
+		if !operations.CanServerSideMove(u.f) {
+			canMove = false
+		}
+	}
+	// We can move if all remotes support Move or Copy
+	if canMove {
+		features.Move = f.Move
+	}
+
+	// Enable ListR when upstreams either support ListR or is local
+	// But not when all upstreams are local
+	if features.ListR == nil {
+		for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+			if u.f.Features().ListR != nil {
+				features.ListR = f.ListR
+			} else if !u.f.Features().IsLocal {
+				features.ListR = nil
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Enable Purge when any upstreams support it
+	if features.Purge == nil {
+		for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+			if u.f.Features().Purge != nil {
+				features.Purge = f.Purge
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Enable Shutdown when any upstreams support it
+	if features.Shutdown == nil {
+		for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+			if u.f.Features().Shutdown != nil {
+				features.Shutdown = f.Shutdown
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Enable DirCacheFlush when any upstreams support it
+	if features.DirCacheFlush == nil {
+		for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+			if u.f.Features().DirCacheFlush != nil {
+				features.DirCacheFlush = f.DirCacheFlush
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Enable ChangeNotify when any upstreams support it
+	if features.ChangeNotify == nil {
+		for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+			if u.f.Features().ChangeNotify != nil {
+				features.ChangeNotify = f.ChangeNotify
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	f.features = features
+
+	// Get common intersection of hashes
+	var hashSet hash.Set
+	var first = true
+	for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+		if first {
+			hashSet = u.f.Hashes()
+			first = false
+		} else {
+			hashSet = hashSet.Overlap(u.f.Hashes())
+		}
+	}
+	f.hashSet = hashSet
+
+	// Check to see if the root is actually a file
+	if f.root != "" && !isDir {
+		_, err := f.NewObject(ctx, "")
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == fs.ErrorObjectNotFound || err == fs.ErrorNotAFile || err == fs.ErrorIsDir {
+				// File doesn't exist or is a directory so return old f
+				return f, nil
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// Check to see if the root path is actually an existing file
+		f.root = path.Dir(f.root)
+		if f.root == "." {
+			f.root = ""
+		}
+		// Adjust path adjustment to remove leaf
+		for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+			u.pathAdjustment = newAdjustment(f.root, u.dir)
+		}
+		return f, fs.ErrorIsFile
+	}
+	return f, nil
+}
+
+// Run a function over all the upstreams in parallel
+func (f *Fs) multithread(ctx context.Context, fn func(context.Context, *upstream) error) error {
+	g, gCtx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+	for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+		u := u
+		g.Go(func() (err error) {
+			return fn(gCtx, u)
+		})
+	}
+	return g.Wait()
+}
+
+// join the elements together but unline path.Join return empty string
+func join(elem ...string) string {
+	result := path.Join(elem...)
+	if result == "." {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if len(result) > 0 && result[0] == '/' {
+		result = result[1:]
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// find the upstream for the remote passed in, returning the upstream and the adjusted path
+func (f *Fs) findUpstream(remote string) (u *upstream, uRemote string, err error) {
+	// defer log.Trace(remote, "")("f=%v, uRemote=%q, err=%v", &u, &uRemote, &err)
+	for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+		uRemote, err = u.pathAdjustment.undo(remote)
+		if err == nil {
+			return u, uRemote, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("combine for remote %q: %w", remote, fs.ErrorDirNotFound)
+}
+
+// Name of the remote (as passed into NewFs)
+func (f *Fs) Name() string {
+	return f.name
+}
+
+// Root of the remote (as passed into NewFs)
+func (f *Fs) Root() string {
+	return f.root
+}
+
+// String converts this Fs to a string
+func (f *Fs) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("combine root '%s'", f.root)
+}
+
+// Features returns the optional features of this Fs
+func (f *Fs) Features() *fs.Features {
+	return f.features
+}
+
+// Rmdir removes the root directory of the Fs object
+func (f *Fs) Rmdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
+	// The root always exists
+	if f.root == "" && dir == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	u, uRemote, err := f.findUpstream(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return u.f.Rmdir(ctx, uRemote)
+}
+
+// Hashes returns hash.HashNone to indicate remote hashing is unavailable
+func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set {
+	return f.hashSet
+}
+
+// Mkdir makes the root directory of the Fs object
+func (f *Fs) Mkdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
+	// The root always exists
+	if f.root == "" && dir == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	u, uRemote, err := f.findUpstream(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return u.f.Mkdir(ctx, uRemote)
+}
+
+// purge the upstream or fallback to a slow way
+func (u *upstream) purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) (err error) {
+	if do := u.f.Features().Purge; do != nil {
+		err = do(ctx, dir)
+	} else {
+		err = operations.Purge(ctx, u.f, dir)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// Purge all files in the directory
+//
+// Implement this if you have a way of deleting all the files
+// quicker than just running Remove() on the result of List()
+//
+// Return an error if it doesn't exist
+func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
+	if f.root == "" && dir == "" {
+		return f.multithread(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, u *upstream) error {
+			return u.purge(ctx, "")
+		})
+	}
+	u, uRemote, err := f.findUpstream(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return u.purge(ctx, uRemote)
+}
+
+// Copy src to this remote using server-side copy operations.
+//
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
+//
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
+//
+// Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
+//
+// If it isn't possible then return fs.ErrorCantCopy
+func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
+	srcObj, ok := src.(*Object)
+	if !ok {
+		fs.Debugf(src, "Can't copy - not same remote type")
+		return nil, fs.ErrorCantCopy
+	}
+
+	dstU, dstRemote, err := f.findUpstream(remote)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	do := dstU.f.Features().Copy
+	if do == nil {
+		return nil, fs.ErrorCantCopy
+	}
+
+	o, err := do(ctx, srcObj.Object, dstRemote)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return dstU.newObject(o), nil
+}
+
+// Move src to this remote using server-side move operations.
+//
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
+//
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
+//
+// Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
+//
+// If it isn't possible then return fs.ErrorCantMove
+func (f *Fs) Move(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
+	srcObj, ok := src.(*Object)
+	if !ok {
+		fs.Debugf(src, "Can't move - not same remote type")
+		return nil, fs.ErrorCantMove
+	}
+
+	dstU, dstRemote, err := f.findUpstream(remote)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	do := dstU.f.Features().Move
+	useCopy := false
+	if do == nil {
+		do = dstU.f.Features().Copy
+		if do == nil {
+			return nil, fs.ErrorCantMove
+		}
+		useCopy = true
+	}
+
+	o, err := do(ctx, srcObj.Object, dstRemote)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// If did Copy then remove the source object
+	if useCopy {
+		err = srcObj.Remove(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return dstU.newObject(o), nil
+}
+
+// DirMove moves src, srcRemote to this remote at dstRemote
+// using server-side move operations.
+//
+// Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
+//
+// If it isn't possible then return fs.ErrorCantDirMove
+//
+// If destination exists then return fs.ErrorDirExists
+func (f *Fs) DirMove(ctx context.Context, src fs.Fs, srcRemote, dstRemote string) (err error) {
+	// defer log.Trace(f, "src=%v, srcRemote=%q, dstRemote=%q", src, srcRemote, dstRemote)("err=%v", &err)
+	srcFs, ok := src.(*Fs)
+	if !ok {
+		fs.Debugf(src, "Can't move directory - not same remote type")
+		return fs.ErrorCantDirMove
+	}
+
+	dstU, dstURemote, err := f.findUpstream(dstRemote)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	srcU, srcURemote, err := srcFs.findUpstream(srcRemote)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	do := dstU.f.Features().DirMove
+	if do == nil {
+		return fs.ErrorCantDirMove
+	}
+
+	fs.Logf(dstU.f, "srcU.f=%v, srcURemote=%q, dstURemote=%q", srcU.f, srcURemote, dstURemote)
+	return do(ctx, srcU.f, srcURemote, dstURemote)
+}
+
+// ChangeNotify calls the passed function with a path
+// that has had changes. If the implementation
+// uses polling, it should adhere to the given interval.
+// At least one value will be written to the channel,
+// specifying the initial value and updated values might
+// follow. A 0 Duration should pause the polling.
+// The ChangeNotify implementation must empty the channel
+// regularly. When the channel gets closed, the implementation
+// should stop polling and release resources.
+func (f *Fs) ChangeNotify(ctx context.Context, notifyFunc func(string, fs.EntryType), ch <-chan time.Duration) {
+	var uChans []chan time.Duration
+
+	for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+		u := u
+		if do := u.f.Features().ChangeNotify; do != nil {
+			ch := make(chan time.Duration)
+			uChans = append(uChans, ch)
+			wrappedNotifyFunc := func(path string, entryType fs.EntryType) {
+				newPath, err := u.pathAdjustment.do(path)
+				if err != nil {
+					fs.Logf(f, "ChangeNotify: unable to process %q: %s", path, err)
+					return
+				}
+				fs.Debugf(f, "ChangeNotify: path %q entryType %d", newPath, entryType)
+				notifyFunc(newPath, entryType)
+			}
+			do(ctx, wrappedNotifyFunc, ch)
+		}
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		for i := range ch {
+			for _, c := range uChans {
+				c <- i
+			}
+		}
+		for _, c := range uChans {
+			close(c)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// DirCacheFlush resets the directory cache - used in testing
+// as an optional interface
+func (f *Fs) DirCacheFlush() {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	_ = f.multithread(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, u *upstream) error {
+		if do := u.f.Features().DirCacheFlush; do != nil {
+			do()
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+func (f *Fs) put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, stream bool, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
+	srcPath := src.Remote()
+	u, uRemote, err := f.findUpstream(srcPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	uSrc := fs.NewOverrideRemote(src, uRemote)
+	var o fs.Object
+	if stream {
+		o, err = u.f.Features().PutStream(ctx, in, uSrc, options...)
+	} else {
+		o, err = u.f.Put(ctx, in, uSrc, options...)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return u.newObject(o), nil
+}
+
+// Put in to the remote path with the modTime given of the given size
+//
+// May create the object even if it returns an error - if so
+// will return the object and the error, otherwise will return
+// nil and the error
+func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
+	o, err := f.NewObject(ctx, src.Remote())
+	switch err {
+	case nil:
+		return o, o.Update(ctx, in, src, options...)
+	case fs.ErrorObjectNotFound:
+		return f.put(ctx, in, src, false, options...)
+	default:
+		return nil, err
+	}
+}
+
+// PutStream uploads to the remote path with the modTime given of indeterminate size
+//
+// May create the object even if it returns an error - if so
+// will return the object and the error, otherwise will return
+// nil and the error
+func (f *Fs) PutStream(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
+	o, err := f.NewObject(ctx, src.Remote())
+	switch err {
+	case nil:
+		return o, o.Update(ctx, in, src, options...)
+	case fs.ErrorObjectNotFound:
+		return f.put(ctx, in, src, true, options...)
+	default:
+		return nil, err
+	}
+}
+
+// About gets quota information from the Fs
+func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (*fs.Usage, error) {
+	usage := &fs.Usage{
+		Total:   new(int64),
+		Used:    new(int64),
+		Trashed: new(int64),
+		Other:   new(int64),
+		Free:    new(int64),
+		Objects: new(int64),
+	}
+	for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+		doAbout := u.f.Features().About
+		if doAbout == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		usg, err := doAbout(ctx)
+		if errors.Is(err, fs.ErrorDirNotFound) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if usg.Total != nil && usage.Total != nil {
+			*usage.Total += *usg.Total
+		} else {
+			usage.Total = nil
+		}
+		if usg.Used != nil && usage.Used != nil {
+			*usage.Used += *usg.Used
+		} else {
+			usage.Used = nil
+		}
+		if usg.Trashed != nil && usage.Trashed != nil {
+			*usage.Trashed += *usg.Trashed
+		} else {
+			usage.Trashed = nil
+		}
+		if usg.Other != nil && usage.Other != nil {
+			*usage.Other += *usg.Other
+		} else {
+			usage.Other = nil
+		}
+		if usg.Free != nil && usage.Free != nil {
+			*usage.Free += *usg.Free
+		} else {
+			usage.Free = nil
+		}
+		if usg.Objects != nil && usage.Objects != nil {
+			*usage.Objects += *usg.Objects
+		} else {
+			usage.Objects = nil
+		}
+	}
+	return usage, nil
+}
+
+// Wraps entries for this upstream
+func (u *upstream) wrapEntries(ctx context.Context, entries fs.DirEntries) (fs.DirEntries, error) {
+	for i, entry := range entries {
+		switch x := entry.(type) {
+		case fs.Object:
+			entries[i] = u.newObject(x)
+		case fs.Directory:
+			newDir := fs.NewDirCopy(ctx, x)
+			newPath, err := u.pathAdjustment.do(newDir.Remote())
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			newDir.SetRemote(newPath)
+			entries[i] = newDir
+		default:
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown entry type %T", entry)
+		}
+	}
+	return entries, nil
+}
+
+// List the objects and directories in dir into entries.  The
+// entries can be returned in any order but should be for a
+// complete directory.
+//
+// dir should be "" to list the root, and should not have
+// trailing slashes.
+//
+// This should return ErrDirNotFound if the directory isn't
+// found.
+func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
+	// defer log.Trace(f, "dir=%q", dir)("entries = %v, err=%v", &entries, &err)
+	if f.root == "" && dir == "" {
+		entries = make(fs.DirEntries, 0, len(f.upstreams))
+		for combineDir := range f.upstreams {
+			d := fs.NewDir(combineDir, f.when)
+			entries = append(entries, d)
+		}
+		return entries, nil
+	}
+	u, uRemote, err := f.findUpstream(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	entries, err = u.f.List(ctx, uRemote)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return u.wrapEntries(ctx, entries)
+}
+
+// ListR lists the objects and directories of the Fs starting
+// from dir recursively into out.
+//
+// dir should be "" to start from the root, and should not
+// have trailing slashes.
+//
+// This should return ErrDirNotFound if the directory isn't
+// found.
+//
+// It should call callback for each tranche of entries read.
+// These need not be returned in any particular order.  If
+// callback returns an error then the listing will stop
+// immediately.
+//
+// Don't implement this unless you have a more efficient way
+// of listing recursively that doing a directory traversal.
+func (f *Fs) ListR(ctx context.Context, dir string, callback fs.ListRCallback) (err error) {
+	// defer log.Trace(f, "dir=%q, callback=%v", dir, callback)("err=%v", &err)
+	if f.root == "" && dir == "" {
+		rootEntries, err := f.List(ctx, "")
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		err = callback(rootEntries)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		var mu sync.Mutex
+		syncCallback := func(entries fs.DirEntries) error {
+			mu.Lock()
+			defer mu.Unlock()
+			return callback(entries)
+		}
+		err = f.multithread(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, u *upstream) error {
+			return f.ListR(ctx, u.dir, syncCallback)
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	u, uRemote, err := f.findUpstream(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	wrapCallback := func(entries fs.DirEntries) error {
+		entries, err := u.wrapEntries(ctx, entries)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return callback(entries)
+	}
+	if do := u.f.Features().ListR; do != nil {
+		err = do(ctx, uRemote, wrapCallback)
+	} else {
+		err = walk.ListR(ctx, u.f, uRemote, true, -1, walk.ListAll, wrapCallback)
+	}
+	if err == fs.ErrorDirNotFound {
+		err = nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// NewObject creates a new remote combine file object
+func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
+	u, uRemote, err := f.findUpstream(remote)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if uRemote == "" || strings.HasSuffix(uRemote, "/") {
+		return nil, fs.ErrorIsDir
+	}
+	o, err := u.f.NewObject(ctx, uRemote)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return u.newObject(o), nil
+}
+
+// Precision is the greatest Precision of all upstreams
+func (f *Fs) Precision() time.Duration {
+	var greatestPrecision time.Duration
+	for _, u := range f.upstreams {
+		uPrecision := u.f.Precision()
+		if uPrecision > greatestPrecision {
+			greatestPrecision = uPrecision
+		}
+	}
+	return greatestPrecision
+}
+
+// Shutdown the backend, closing any background tasks and any
+// cached connections.
+func (f *Fs) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return f.multithread(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, u *upstream) error {
+		if do := u.f.Features().Shutdown; do != nil {
+			return do(ctx)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+// Object describes a wrapped Object
+//
+// This is a wrapped Object which knows its path prefix
+type Object struct {
+	fs.Object
+	u *upstream
+}
+
+func (u *upstream) newObject(o fs.Object) *Object {
+	return &Object{
+		Object: o,
+		u:      u,
+	}
+}
+
+// Fs returns read only access to the Fs that this object is part of
+func (o *Object) Fs() fs.Info {
+	return o.u.parent
+}
+
+// String returns the remote path
+func (o *Object) String() string {
+	return o.Remote()
+}
+
+// Remote returns the remote path
+func (o *Object) Remote() string {
+	newPath, err := o.u.pathAdjustment.do(o.Object.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		fs.Errorf(o, "Bad object: %v", err)
+		return err.Error()
+	}
+	return newPath
+}
+
+// MimeType returns the content type of the Object if known
+func (o *Object) MimeType(ctx context.Context) (mimeType string) {
+	if do, ok := o.Object.(fs.MimeTyper); ok {
+		mimeType = do.MimeType(ctx)
+	}
+	return mimeType
+}
+
+// UnWrap returns the Object that this Object is wrapping or
+// nil if it isn't wrapping anything
+func (o *Object) UnWrap() fs.Object {
+	return o.Object
+}
+
+// GetTier returns storage tier or class of the Object
+func (o *Object) GetTier() string {
+	do, ok := o.Object.(fs.GetTierer)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return do.GetTier()
+}
+
+// ID returns the ID of the Object if known, or "" if not
+func (o *Object) ID() string {
+	do, ok := o.Object.(fs.IDer)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return do.ID()
+}
+
+// Metadata returns metadata for an object
+//
+// It should return nil if there is no Metadata
+func (o *Object) Metadata(ctx context.Context) (fs.Metadata, error) {
+	do, ok := o.Object.(fs.Metadataer)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return do.Metadata(ctx)
+}
+
+// SetTier performs changing storage tier of the Object if
+// multiple storage classes supported
+func (o *Object) SetTier(tier string) error {
+	do, ok := o.Object.(fs.SetTierer)
+	if !ok {
+		return errors.New("underlying remote does not support SetTier")
+	}
+	return do.SetTier(tier)
+}
+
+// Check the interfaces are satisfied
+var (
+	_ fs.Fs              = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Purger          = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.PutStreamer     = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Copier          = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Mover           = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.DirMover        = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.DirCacheFlusher = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.ChangeNotifier  = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Abouter         = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.ListRer         = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Shutdowner      = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.FullObject      = (*Object)(nil)
+)

backend/combine/combine_internal_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package combine
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestAdjustmentDo(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		root       string
+		mountpoint string
+		in         string
+		want       string
+		wantErr    error
+	}{
+		{
+			root:       "",
+			mountpoint: "mountpoint",
+			in:         "path/to/file.txt",
+			want:       "mountpoint/path/to/file.txt",
+		},
+		{
+			root:       "mountpoint",
+			mountpoint: "mountpoint",
+			in:         "path/to/file.txt",
+			want:       "path/to/file.txt",
+		},
+		{
+			root:       "mountpoint/path",
+			mountpoint: "mountpoint",
+			in:         "path/to/file.txt",
+			want:       "to/file.txt",
+		},
+		{
+			root:       "mountpoint/path",
+			mountpoint: "mountpoint",
+			in:         "wrongpath/to/file.txt",
+			want:       "",
+			wantErr:    errNotUnderRoot,
+		},
+	} {
+		what := fmt.Sprintf("%+v", test)
+		a := newAdjustment(test.root, test.mountpoint)
+		got, gotErr := a.do(test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.wantErr, gotErr)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.want, got, what)
+	}
+
+}
+
+func TestAdjustmentUndo(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		root       string
+		mountpoint string
+		in         string
+		want       string
+		wantErr    error
+	}{
+		{
+			root:       "",
+			mountpoint: "mountpoint",
+			in:         "mountpoint/path/to/file.txt",
+			want:       "path/to/file.txt",
+		},
+		{
+			root:       "mountpoint",
+			mountpoint: "mountpoint",
+			in:         "path/to/file.txt",
+			want:       "path/to/file.txt",
+		},
+		{
+			root:       "mountpoint/path",
+			mountpoint: "mountpoint",
+			in:         "to/file.txt",
+			want:       "path/to/file.txt",
+		},
+		{
+			root:       "wrongmountpoint/path",
+			mountpoint: "mountpoint",
+			in:         "to/file.txt",
+			want:       "",
+			wantErr:    errNotUnderRoot,
+		},
+	} {
+		what := fmt.Sprintf("%+v", test)
+		a := newAdjustment(test.root, test.mountpoint)
+		got, gotErr := a.undo(test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.wantErr, gotErr)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.want, got, what)
+	}
+
+}

backend/combine/combine_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+// Test Combine filesystem interface
+package combine_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/local"
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/memory"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
+)
+
+// TestIntegration runs integration tests against the remote
+func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	if *fstest.RemoteName == "" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping as -remote not set")
+	}
+	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName:                   *fstest.RemoteName,
+		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt", "DuplicateFiles"},
+		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
+	})
+}
+
+func TestLocal(t *testing.T) {
+	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping as -remote set")
+	}
+	dirs := MakeTestDirs(t, 3)
+	upstreams := "dir1=" + dirs[0] + " dir2=" + dirs[1] + " dir3=" + dirs[2]
+	name := "TestCombineLocal"
+	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName: name + ":dir1",
+		ExtraConfig: []fstests.ExtraConfigItem{
+			{Name: name, Key: "type", Value: "combine"},
+			{Name: name, Key: "upstreams", Value: upstreams},
+		},
+		QuickTestOK: true,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMemory(t *testing.T) {
+	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping as -remote set")
+	}
+	upstreams := "dir1=:memory:dir1 dir2=:memory:dir2 dir3=:memory:dir3"
+	name := "TestCombineMemory"
+	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName: name + ":dir1",
+		ExtraConfig: []fstests.ExtraConfigItem{
+			{Name: name, Key: "type", Value: "combine"},
+			{Name: name, Key: "upstreams", Value: upstreams},
+		},
+		QuickTestOK: true,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMixed(t *testing.T) {
+	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping as -remote set")
+	}
+	dirs := MakeTestDirs(t, 2)
+	upstreams := "dir1=" + dirs[0] + " dir2=" + dirs[1] + " dir3=:memory:dir3"
+	name := "TestCombineMixed"
+	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName: name + ":dir1",
+		ExtraConfig: []fstests.ExtraConfigItem{
+			{Name: name, Key: "type", Value: "combine"},
+			{Name: name, Key: "upstreams", Value: upstreams},
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+// MakeTestDirs makes directories in /tmp for testing
+func MakeTestDirs(t *testing.T, n int) (dirs []string) {
+	for i := 1; i <= n; i++ {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		dirs = append(dirs, dir)
+	}
+	return dirs
+}

backend/compress/compress.go

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"os"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/buengese/sgzip"
 	"github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/chunkedreader"
@@ -29,6 +28,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configstruct"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fspath"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/log"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/object"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
 )
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ import (
 // Globals
 const (
 	initialChunkSize = 262144  // Initial and max sizes of chunks when reading parts of the file. Currently
-	maxChunkSize     = 8388608 // at 256KB and 8 MB.
+	maxChunkSize     = 8388608 // at 256 KiB and 8 MiB.
 
 	bufferSize          = 8388608
 	heuristicBytes      = 1048576
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ const (
 	Gzip         = 2
 )
 
-var nameRegexp = regexp.MustCompile("^(.+?)\\.([A-Za-z0-9-_]{11})$")
+var nameRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^(.+?)\.([A-Za-z0-9-_]{11})$`)
 
 // Register with Fs
 func init() {
@@ -70,6 +70,9 @@ func init() {
 		Name:        "compress",
 		Description: "Compress a remote",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
+		MetadataInfo: &fs.MetadataInfo{
+			Help: `Any metadata supported by the underlying remote is read and written.`,
+		},
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "remote",
 			Help:     "Remote to compress.",
@@ -83,23 +86,23 @@ func init() {
 			Name: "level",
 			Help: `GZIP compression level (-2 to 9).
 
-			Generally -1 (default, equivalent to 5) is recommended.
-			Levels 1 to 9 increase compressiong at the cost of speed.. Going past 6 
-			generally offers very little return.
-			
-			Level -2 uses Huffmann encoding only. Only use if you now what you
-			are doing
-			Level 0 turns off compression.`,
+Generally -1 (default, equivalent to 5) is recommended.
+Levels 1 to 9 increase compression at the cost of speed. Going past 6 
+generally offers very little return.
+
+Level -2 uses Huffman encoding only. Only use if you know what you
+are doing.
+Level 0 turns off compression.`,
 			Default:  sgzip.DefaultCompression,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "ram_cache_limit",
 			Help: `Some remotes don't allow the upload of files with unknown size.
-				   In this case the compressed file will need to be cached to determine
-				   it's size.
-				   
-				   Files smaller than this limit will be cached in RAM, file larger than 
-				   this limit will be cached on disk`,
+In this case the compressed file will need to be cached to determine
+it's size.
+
+Files smaller than this limit will be cached in RAM, files larger than 
+this limit will be cached on disk.`,
 			Default:  fs.SizeSuffix(20 * 1024 * 1024),
 			Advanced: true,
 		}},
@@ -127,7 +130,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	features *fs.Features // optional features
 }
 
-// NewFs contstructs an Fs from the path, container:path
+// NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
 func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
 	// Parse config into Options struct
 	opt := new(Options)
@@ -143,7 +146,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs,
 
 	wInfo, wName, wPath, wConfig, err := fs.ConfigFs(remote)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse remote %q to wrap", remote)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse remote %q to wrap: %w", remote, err)
 	}
 
 	// Strip trailing slashes if they exist in rpath
@@ -158,7 +161,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs,
 		wrappedFs, err = wInfo.NewFs(ctx, wName, remotePath, wConfig)
 	}
 	if err != nil && err != fs.ErrorIsFile {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to make remote %s:%q to wrap", wName, remotePath)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to make remote %s:%q to wrap: %w", wName, remotePath, err)
 	}
 
 	// Create the wrapping fs
@@ -180,6 +183,9 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs,
 		SetTier:                 true,
 		BucketBased:             true,
 		CanHaveEmptyDirectories: true,
+		ReadMetadata:            true,
+		WriteMetadata:           true,
+		UserMetadata:            true,
 	}).Fill(ctx, f).Mask(ctx, wrappedFs).WrapsFs(f, wrappedFs)
 	// We support reading MIME types no matter the wrapped fs
 	f.features.ReadMimeType = true
@@ -222,7 +228,7 @@ func processFileName(compressedFileName string) (origFileName string, extension
 	// Separate the filename and size from the extension
 	extensionPos := strings.LastIndex(compressedFileName, ".")
 	if extensionPos == -1 {
-		return "", "", 0, errors.New("File name has no extension")
+		return "", "", 0, errors.New("file name has no extension")
 	}
 	extension = compressedFileName[extensionPos:]
 	nameWithSize := compressedFileName[:extensionPos]
@@ -231,11 +237,11 @@ func processFileName(compressedFileName string) (origFileName string, extension
 	}
 	match := nameRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(nameWithSize)
 	if match == nil || len(match) != 3 {
-		return "", "", 0, errors.New("Invalid filename")
+		return "", "", 0, errors.New("invalid filename")
 	}
 	size, err := base64ToInt64(match[2])
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", "", 0, errors.New("Could not decode size")
+		return "", "", 0, errors.New("could not decode size")
 	}
 	return match[1], gzFileExt, size, nil
 }
@@ -304,7 +310,7 @@ func (f *Fs) processEntries(entries fs.DirEntries) (newEntries fs.DirEntries, er
 		case fs.Directory:
 			f.addDir(&newEntries, x)
 		default:
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("Unknown object type %T", entry)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown object type %T", entry)
 		}
 	}
 	return newEntries, nil
@@ -361,13 +367,16 @@ func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	meta := readMetadata(ctx, mo)
-	if meta == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("error decoding metadata")
+	meta, err := readMetadata(ctx, mo)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error decoding metadata: %w", err)
 	}
 	// Create our Object
 	o, err := f.Fs.NewObject(ctx, makeDataName(remote, meta.CompressionMetadata.Size, meta.Mode))
-	return f.newObject(o, mo, meta), err
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return f.newObject(o, mo, meta), nil
 }
 
 // checkCompressAndType checks if an object is compressible and determines it's mime type
@@ -401,6 +410,10 @@ func isCompressible(r io.Reader) (bool, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
+	err = w.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
 	ratio := float64(n) / float64(b.Len())
 	return ratio > minCompressionRatio, nil
 }
@@ -410,7 +423,7 @@ func (f *Fs) verifyObjectHash(ctx context.Context, o fs.Object, hasher *hash.Mul
 	srcHash := hasher.Sums()[ht]
 	dstHash, err := o.Hash(ctx, ht)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to read destination hash")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read destination hash: %w", err)
 	}
 	if srcHash != "" && dstHash != "" && srcHash != dstHash {
 		// remove object
@@ -418,7 +431,7 @@ func (f *Fs) verifyObjectHash(ctx context.Context, o fs.Object, hasher *hash.Mul
 		if err != nil {
 			fs.Errorf(o, "Failed to remove corrupted object: %v", err)
 		}
-		return errors.Errorf("corrupted on transfer: %v compressed hashes differ %q vs %q", ht, srcHash, dstHash)
+		return fmt.Errorf("corrupted on transfer: %v compressed hashes differ %q vs %q", ht, srcHash, dstHash)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -441,7 +454,7 @@ func (f *Fs) rcat(ctx context.Context, dstFileName string, in io.ReadCloser, mod
 		return f.Fs.Put(ctx, bytes.NewBuffer(buf[:n]), src, options...)
 	}
 
-	// Need to include what we allready read
+	// Need to include what we already read
 	in = &ReadCloserWrapper{
 		Reader: io.MultiReader(bytes.NewReader(buf), in),
 		Closer: in,
@@ -454,7 +467,7 @@ func (f *Fs) rcat(ctx context.Context, dstFileName string, in io.ReadCloser, mod
 	}
 
 	fs.Debugf(f, "Target remote doesn't support streaming uploads, creating temporary local file")
-	tempFile, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "rclone-press-")
+	tempFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "rclone-press-")
 	defer func() {
 		// these errors should be relatively uncritical and the upload should've succeeded so it's okay-ish
 		// to ignore them
@@ -462,10 +475,10 @@ func (f *Fs) rcat(ctx context.Context, dstFileName string, in io.ReadCloser, mod
 		_ = os.Remove(tempFile.Name())
 	}()
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Failed to create temporary local FS to spool file")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create temporary local FS to spool file: %w", err)
 	}
 	if _, err = io.Copy(tempFile, in); err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Failed to write temporary local file")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to write temporary local file: %w", err)
 	}
 	if _, err = tempFile.Seek(0, 0); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -532,8 +545,8 @@ func (f *Fs) putCompress(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, o
 	}
 
 	// Transfer the data
-	o, err := f.rcat(ctx, makeDataName(src.Remote(), src.Size(), f.mode), ioutil.NopCloser(wrappedIn), src.ModTime(ctx), options)
-	//o, err := operations.Rcat(ctx, f.Fs, makeDataName(src.Remote(), src.Size(), f.mode), ioutil.NopCloser(wrappedIn), src.ModTime(ctx))
+	o, err := f.rcat(ctx, makeDataName(src.Remote(), src.Size(), f.mode), io.NopCloser(wrappedIn), src.ModTime(ctx), options)
+	//o, err := operations.Rcat(ctx, f.Fs, makeDataName(src.Remote(), src.Size(), f.mode), io.NopCloser(wrappedIn), src.ModTime(ctx))
 	if err != nil {
 		if o != nil {
 			removeErr := o.Remove(ctx)
@@ -626,9 +639,11 @@ func (f *Fs) putMetadata(ctx context.Context, meta *ObjectMetadata, src fs.Objec
 	// Put the data
 	mo, err = put(ctx, metaReader, f.wrapInfo(src, makeMetadataName(src.Remote()), int64(len(data))), options...)
 	if err != nil {
-		removeErr := mo.Remove(ctx)
-		if removeErr != nil {
-			fs.Errorf(mo, "Failed to remove partially transferred object: %v", err)
+		if mo != nil {
+			removeErr := mo.Remove(ctx)
+			if removeErr != nil {
+				fs.Errorf(mo, "Failed to remove partially transferred object: %v", err)
+			}
 		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -665,7 +680,7 @@ func (f *Fs) putWithCustomFunctions(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.Ob
 		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return f.newObject(dataObject, mo, meta), err
+	return f.newObject(dataObject, mo, meta), nil
 }
 
 // Put in to the remote path with the modTime given of the given size
@@ -714,23 +729,23 @@ func (f *Fs) PutStream(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, opt
 	if found && (oldObj.(*Object).meta.Mode != Uncompressed || compressible) {
 		err = oldObj.(*Object).Object.Remove(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Could remove original object")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't remove original object: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	// If our new object is compressed we have to rename it with the correct size.
-	// Uncompressed objects don't store the size in the name so we they'll allready have the correct name.
+	// Uncompressed objects don't store the size in the name so we they'll already have the correct name.
 	if compressible {
 		wrapObj, err := operations.Move(ctx, f.Fs, nil, f.dataName(src.Remote(), newObj.size, compressible), newObj.Object)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Couldn't rename streamed Object.")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't rename streamed object: %w", err)
 		}
 		newObj.Object = wrapObj
 	}
 	return newObj, nil
 }
 
-// Temporarely disabled. There might be a way to implement this correctly but with the current handling metadata duplicate objects
+// Temporarily disabled. There might be a way to implement this correctly but with the current handling metadata duplicate objects
 // will break stuff. Right no I can't think of a way to make this work.
 
 // PutUnchecked uploads the object
@@ -773,9 +788,9 @@ func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 
 // Copy src to this remote using server side copy operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -823,9 +838,9 @@ func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 
 // Move src to this remote using server side move operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -900,7 +915,7 @@ func (f *Fs) DirMove(ctx context.Context, src fs.Fs, srcRemote, dstRemote string
 func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) error {
 	do := f.Fs.Features().CleanUp
 	if do == nil {
-		return errors.New("can't CleanUp: not supported by underlying remote")
+		return errors.New("not supported by underlying remote")
 	}
 	return do(ctx)
 }
@@ -909,7 +924,7 @@ func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) error {
 func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (*fs.Usage, error) {
 	do := f.Fs.Features().About
 	if do == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("can't About: not supported by underlying remote")
+		return nil, errors.New("not supported by underlying remote")
 	}
 	return do(ctx)
 }
@@ -1028,24 +1043,19 @@ func newMetadata(size int64, mode int, cmeta sgzip.GzipMetadata, md5 string, mim
 }
 
 // This function will read the metadata from a metadata object.
-func readMetadata(ctx context.Context, mo fs.Object) (meta *ObjectMetadata) {
+func readMetadata(ctx context.Context, mo fs.Object) (meta *ObjectMetadata, err error) {
 	// Open our meradata object
 	rc, err := mo.Open(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	defer func() {
-		err := rc.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			fs.Errorf(mo, "Error closing object: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
+	defer fs.CheckClose(rc, &err)
 	jr := json.NewDecoder(rc)
 	meta = new(ObjectMetadata)
 	if err = jr.Decode(meta); err != nil {
-		return nil
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	return meta
+	return meta, nil
 }
 
 // Remove removes this object
@@ -1090,6 +1100,9 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	origName := o.Remote()
 	if o.meta.Mode != Uncompressed || compressible {
 		newObject, err = o.f.putWithCustomFunctions(ctx, in, o.f.wrapInfo(src, origName, src.Size()), options, o.f.Fs.Put, updateMeta, compressible, mimeType)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 		if newObject.Object.Remote() != o.Object.Remote() {
 			if removeErr := o.Object.Remove(ctx); removeErr != nil {
 				return removeErr
@@ -1103,9 +1116,9 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		}
 		// If we are, just update the object and metadata
 		newObject, err = o.f.putWithCustomFunctions(ctx, in, src, options, update, updateMeta, compressible, mimeType)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	// Update object metadata and return
 	o.Object = newObject.Object
@@ -1116,6 +1129,9 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 
 // This will initialize the variables of a new press Object. The metadata object, mo, and metadata struct, meta, must be specified.
 func (f *Fs) newObject(o fs.Object, mo fs.Object, meta *ObjectMetadata) *Object {
+	if o == nil {
+		log.Trace(nil, "newObject(%#v, %#v, %#v) called with nil o", o, mo, meta)
+	}
 	return &Object{
 		Object: o,
 		f:      f,
@@ -1128,6 +1144,9 @@ func (f *Fs) newObject(o fs.Object, mo fs.Object, meta *ObjectMetadata) *Object
 
 // This initializes the variables of a press Object with only the size. The metadata will be loaded later on demand.
 func (f *Fs) newObjectSizeAndNameOnly(o fs.Object, moName string, size int64) *Object {
+	if o == nil {
+		log.Trace(nil, "newObjectSizeAndNameOnly(%#v, %#v, %#v) called with nil o", o, moName, size)
+	}
 	return &Object{
 		Object: o,
 		f:      f,
@@ -1155,7 +1174,7 @@ func (o *Object) loadMetadataIfNotLoaded(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		return err
 	}
 	if o.meta == nil {
-		o.meta = readMetadata(ctx, o.mo)
+		o.meta, err = readMetadata(ctx, o.mo)
 	}
 	return err
 }
@@ -1208,6 +1227,21 @@ func (o *Object) MimeType(ctx context.Context) string {
 	return o.meta.MimeType
 }
 
+// Metadata returns metadata for an object
+//
+// It should return nil if there is no Metadata
+func (o *Object) Metadata(ctx context.Context) (fs.Metadata, error) {
+	err := o.loadMetadataIfNotLoaded(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	do, ok := o.mo.(fs.Metadataer)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return do.Metadata(ctx)
+}
+
 // Hash returns the selected checksum of the file
 // If no checksum is available it returns ""
 func (o *Object) Hash(ctx context.Context, ht hash.Type) (string, error) {
@@ -1260,7 +1294,7 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (rc io.Read
 		return o.Object.Open(ctx, options...)
 	}
 	// Get offset and limit from OpenOptions, pass the rest to the underlying remote
-	var openOptions []fs.OpenOption = []fs.OpenOption{&fs.SeekOption{Offset: 0}}
+	var openOptions = []fs.OpenOption{&fs.SeekOption{Offset: 0}}
 	var offset, limit int64 = 0, -1
 	for _, option := range options {
 		switch x := option.(type) {
@@ -1354,6 +1388,51 @@ func (o *ObjectInfo) Hash(ctx context.Context, ht hash.Type) (string, error) {
 	return "", nil // cannot know the checksum
 }
 
+// ID returns the ID of the Object if known, or "" if not
+func (o *ObjectInfo) ID() string {
+	do, ok := o.src.(fs.IDer)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return do.ID()
+}
+
+// MimeType returns the content type of the Object if
+// known, or "" if not
+func (o *ObjectInfo) MimeType(ctx context.Context) string {
+	do, ok := o.src.(fs.MimeTyper)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return do.MimeType(ctx)
+}
+
+// UnWrap returns the Object that this Object is wrapping or
+// nil if it isn't wrapping anything
+func (o *ObjectInfo) UnWrap() fs.Object {
+	return fs.UnWrapObjectInfo(o.src)
+}
+
+// Metadata returns metadata for an object
+//
+// It should return nil if there is no Metadata
+func (o *ObjectInfo) Metadata(ctx context.Context) (fs.Metadata, error) {
+	do, ok := o.src.(fs.Metadataer)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return do.Metadata(ctx)
+}
+
+// GetTier returns storage tier or class of the Object
+func (o *ObjectInfo) GetTier() string {
+	do, ok := o.src.(fs.GetTierer)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return do.GetTier()
+}
+
 // ID returns the ID of the Object if known, or "" if not
 func (o *Object) ID() string {
 	do, ok := o.Object.(fs.IDer)
@@ -1406,11 +1485,6 @@ var (
 	_ fs.ChangeNotifier  = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.PublicLinker    = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.Shutdowner      = (*Fs)(nil)
-	_ fs.ObjectInfo      = (*ObjectInfo)(nil)
-	_ fs.GetTierer       = (*Object)(nil)
-	_ fs.SetTierer       = (*Object)(nil)
-	_ fs.Object          = (*Object)(nil)
-	_ fs.ObjectUnWrapper = (*Object)(nil)
-	_ fs.IDer            = (*Object)(nil)
-	_ fs.MimeTyper       = (*Object)(nil)
+	_ fs.FullObjectInfo  = (*ObjectInfo)(nil)
+	_ fs.FullObject      = (*Object)(nil)
 )

backend/compress/compress_test.go

@@ -61,5 +61,6 @@ func TestRemoteGzip(t *testing.T) {
 			{Name: name, Key: "remote", Value: tempdir},
 			{Name: name, Key: "compression_mode", Value: "gzip"},
 		},
+		QuickTestOK: true,
 	})
 }

backend/crypt/cipher.go

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 	gocipher "crypto/cipher"
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/base32"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"strconv"
@@ -15,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/Max-Sum/base32768"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/crypt/pkcs7"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
@@ -94,12 +96,12 @@ func NewNameEncryptionMode(s string) (mode NameEncryptionMode, err error) {
 	case "obfuscate":
 		mode = NameEncryptionObfuscated
 	default:
-		err = errors.Errorf("Unknown file name encryption mode %q", s)
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unknown file name encryption mode %q", s)
 	}
 	return mode, err
 }
 
-// String turns mode into a human readable string
+// String turns mode into a human-readable string
 func (mode NameEncryptionMode) String() (out string) {
 	switch mode {
 	case NameEncryptionOff:
@@ -114,6 +116,57 @@ func (mode NameEncryptionMode) String() (out string) {
 	return out
 }
 
+// fileNameEncoding are the encoding methods dealing with encrypted file names
+type fileNameEncoding interface {
+	EncodeToString(src []byte) string
+	DecodeString(s string) ([]byte, error)
+}
+
+// caseInsensitiveBase32Encoding defines a file name encoding
+// using a modified version of standard base32 as described in
+// RFC4648
+//
+// The standard encoding is modified in two ways
+//   - it becomes lower case (no-one likes upper case filenames!)
+//   - we strip the padding character `=`
+type caseInsensitiveBase32Encoding struct{}
+
+// EncodeToString encodes a string using the modified version of
+// base32 encoding.
+func (caseInsensitiveBase32Encoding) EncodeToString(src []byte) string {
+	encoded := base32.HexEncoding.EncodeToString(src)
+	encoded = strings.TrimRight(encoded, "=")
+	return strings.ToLower(encoded)
+}
+
+// DecodeString decodes a string as encoded by EncodeToString
+func (caseInsensitiveBase32Encoding) DecodeString(s string) ([]byte, error) {
+	if strings.HasSuffix(s, "=") {
+		return nil, ErrorBadBase32Encoding
+	}
+	// First figure out how many padding characters to add
+	roundUpToMultipleOf8 := (len(s) + 7) &^ 7
+	equals := roundUpToMultipleOf8 - len(s)
+	s = strings.ToUpper(s) + "========"[:equals]
+	return base32.HexEncoding.DecodeString(s)
+}
+
+// NewNameEncoding creates a NameEncoding from a string
+func NewNameEncoding(s string) (enc fileNameEncoding, err error) {
+	s = strings.ToLower(s)
+	switch s {
+	case "base32":
+		enc = caseInsensitiveBase32Encoding{}
+	case "base64":
+		enc = base64.RawURLEncoding
+	case "base32768":
+		enc = base32768.SafeEncoding
+	default:
+		err = fmt.Errorf("unknown file name encoding mode %q", s)
+	}
+	return enc, err
+}
+
 // Cipher defines an encoding and decoding cipher for the crypt backend
 type Cipher struct {
 	dataKey        [32]byte                  // Key for secretbox
@@ -121,15 +174,17 @@ type Cipher struct {
 	nameTweak      [nameCipherBlockSize]byte // used to tweak the name crypto
 	block          gocipher.Block
 	mode           NameEncryptionMode
+	fileNameEnc    fileNameEncoding
 	buffers        sync.Pool // encrypt/decrypt buffers
 	cryptoRand     io.Reader // read crypto random numbers from here
 	dirNameEncrypt bool
 }
 
 // newCipher initialises the cipher.  If salt is "" then it uses a built in salt val
-func newCipher(mode NameEncryptionMode, password, salt string, dirNameEncrypt bool) (*Cipher, error) {
+func newCipher(mode NameEncryptionMode, password, salt string, dirNameEncrypt bool, enc fileNameEncoding) (*Cipher, error) {
 	c := &Cipher{
 		mode:           mode,
+		fileNameEnc:    enc,
 		cryptoRand:     rand.Reader,
 		dirNameEncrypt: dirNameEncrypt,
 	}
@@ -187,33 +242,9 @@ func (c *Cipher) putBlock(buf []byte) {
 	c.buffers.Put(buf)
 }
 
-// encodeFileName encodes a filename using a modified version of
-// standard base32 as described in RFC4648
-//
-// The standard encoding is modified in two ways
-//  * it becomes lower case (no-one likes upper case filenames!)
-//  * we strip the padding character `=`
-func encodeFileName(in []byte) string {
-	encoded := base32.HexEncoding.EncodeToString(in)
-	encoded = strings.TrimRight(encoded, "=")
-	return strings.ToLower(encoded)
-}
-
-// decodeFileName decodes a filename as encoded by encodeFileName
-func decodeFileName(in string) ([]byte, error) {
-	if strings.HasSuffix(in, "=") {
-		return nil, ErrorBadBase32Encoding
-	}
-	// First figure out how many padding characters to add
-	roundUpToMultipleOf8 := (len(in) + 7) &^ 7
-	equals := roundUpToMultipleOf8 - len(in)
-	in = strings.ToUpper(in) + "========"[:equals]
-	return base32.HexEncoding.DecodeString(in)
-}
-
 // encryptSegment encrypts a path segment
 //
-// This uses EME with AES
+// This uses EME with AES.
 //
 // EME (ECB-Mix-ECB) is a wide-block encryption mode presented in the
 // 2003 paper "A Parallelizable Enciphering Mode" by Halevi and
@@ -223,15 +254,15 @@ func decodeFileName(in string) ([]byte, error) {
 // same filename must encrypt to the same thing.
 //
 // This means that
-//  * filenames with the same name will encrypt the same
-//  * filenames which start the same won't have a common prefix
+//   - filenames with the same name will encrypt the same
+//   - filenames which start the same won't have a common prefix
 func (c *Cipher) encryptSegment(plaintext string) string {
 	if plaintext == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
 	paddedPlaintext := pkcs7.Pad(nameCipherBlockSize, []byte(plaintext))
 	ciphertext := eme.Transform(c.block, c.nameTweak[:], paddedPlaintext, eme.DirectionEncrypt)
-	return encodeFileName(ciphertext)
+	return c.fileNameEnc.EncodeToString(ciphertext)
 }
 
 // decryptSegment decrypts a path segment
@@ -239,7 +270,7 @@ func (c *Cipher) decryptSegment(ciphertext string) (string, error) {
 	if ciphertext == "" {
 		return "", nil
 	}
-	rawCiphertext, err := decodeFileName(ciphertext)
+	rawCiphertext, err := c.fileNameEnc.DecodeString(ciphertext)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
@@ -580,7 +611,7 @@ func (n *nonce) pointer() *[fileNonceSize]byte {
 func (n *nonce) fromReader(in io.Reader) error {
 	read, err := io.ReadFull(in, (*n)[:])
 	if read != fileNonceSize {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "short read of nonce")
+		return fmt.Errorf("short read of nonce: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -956,7 +987,7 @@ func (fh *decrypter) RangeSeek(ctx context.Context, offset int64, whence int, li
 		// Re-open the underlying object with the offset given
 		rc, err := fh.open(ctx, underlyingOffset, underlyingLimit)
 		if err != nil {
-			return 0, fh.finish(errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't reopen file with offset and limit"))
+			return 0, fh.finish(fmt.Errorf("couldn't reopen file with offset and limit: %w", err))
 		}
 
 		// Set the file handle
@@ -1054,7 +1085,7 @@ func (c *Cipher) DecryptData(rc io.ReadCloser) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
 
 // DecryptDataSeek decrypts the data stream from offset
 //
-// The open function must return a ReadCloser opened to the offset supplied
+// The open function must return a ReadCloser opened to the offset supplied.
 //
 // You must use this form of DecryptData if you might want to Seek the file handle
 func (c *Cipher) DecryptDataSeek(ctx context.Context, open OpenRangeSeek, offset, limit int64) (ReadSeekCloser, error) {

backend/crypt/cipher_test.go

@@ -4,13 +4,14 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/base32"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/Max-Sum/base32768"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/crypt/pkcs7"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/readers"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -45,11 +46,31 @@ func TestNewNameEncryptionModeString(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, NameEncryptionMode(3).String(), "Unknown mode #3")
 }
 
-func TestEncodeFileName(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, test := range []struct {
-		in       string
-		expected string
-	}{
+type EncodingTestCase struct {
+	in       string
+	expected string
+}
+
+func testEncodeFileName(t *testing.T, encoding string, testCases []EncodingTestCase, caseInsensitive bool) {
+	for _, test := range testCases {
+		enc, err := NewNameEncoding(encoding)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, "There should be no error creating name encoder for base32.")
+		actual := enc.EncodeToString([]byte(test.in))
+		assert.Equal(t, actual, test.expected, fmt.Sprintf("in=%q", test.in))
+		recovered, err := enc.DecodeString(test.expected)
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, string(recovered), test.in, fmt.Sprintf("reverse=%q", test.expected))
+		if caseInsensitive {
+			in := strings.ToUpper(test.expected)
+			recovered, err = enc.DecodeString(in)
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, string(recovered), test.in, fmt.Sprintf("reverse=%q", in))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncodeFileNameBase32(t *testing.T) {
+	testEncodeFileName(t, "base32", []EncodingTestCase{
 		{"", ""},
 		{"1", "64"},
 		{"12", "64p0"},
@@ -67,20 +88,56 @@ func TestEncodeFileName(t *testing.T) {
 		{"12345678901234", "64p36d1l6orjge9g64p36d0"},
 		{"123456789012345", "64p36d1l6orjge9g64p36d1l"},
 		{"1234567890123456", "64p36d1l6orjge9g64p36d1l6o"},
-	} {
-		actual := encodeFileName([]byte(test.in))
-		assert.Equal(t, actual, test.expected, fmt.Sprintf("in=%q", test.in))
-		recovered, err := decodeFileName(test.expected)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, string(recovered), test.in, fmt.Sprintf("reverse=%q", test.expected))
-		in := strings.ToUpper(test.expected)
-		recovered, err = decodeFileName(in)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.Equal(t, string(recovered), test.in, fmt.Sprintf("reverse=%q", in))
-	}
+	}, true)
 }
 
-func TestDecodeFileName(t *testing.T) {
+func TestEncodeFileNameBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	testEncodeFileName(t, "base64", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"", ""},
+		{"1", "MQ"},
+		{"12", "MTI"},
+		{"123", "MTIz"},
+		{"1234", "MTIzNA"},
+		{"12345", "MTIzNDU"},
+		{"123456", "MTIzNDU2"},
+		{"1234567", "MTIzNDU2Nw"},
+		{"12345678", "MTIzNDU2Nzg"},
+		{"123456789", "MTIzNDU2Nzg5"},
+		{"1234567890", "MTIzNDU2Nzg5MA"},
+		{"12345678901", "MTIzNDU2Nzg5MDE"},
+		{"123456789012", "MTIzNDU2Nzg5MDEy"},
+		{"1234567890123", "MTIzNDU2Nzg5MDEyMw"},
+		{"12345678901234", "MTIzNDU2Nzg5MDEyMzQ"},
+		{"123456789012345", "MTIzNDU2Nzg5MDEyMzQ1"},
+		{"1234567890123456", "MTIzNDU2Nzg5MDEyMzQ1Ng"},
+	}, false)
+}
+
+func TestEncodeFileNameBase32768(t *testing.T) {
+	testEncodeFileName(t, "base32768", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"", ""},
+		{"1", "㼿"},
+		{"12", "㻙ɟ"},
+		{"123", "㻙ⲿ"},
+		{"1234", "㻙ⲍƟ"},
+		{"12345", "㻙ⲍ⍟"},
+		{"123456", "㻙ⲍ⍆ʏ"},
+		{"1234567", "㻙ⲍ⍆觟"},
+		{"12345678", "㻙ⲍ⍆觓ɧ"},
+		{"123456789", "㻙ⲍ⍆觓栯"},
+		{"1234567890", "㻙ⲍ⍆觓栩ɣ"},
+		{"12345678901", "㻙ⲍ⍆觓栩朧"},
+		{"123456789012", "㻙ⲍ⍆觓栩朤ʅ"},
+		{"1234567890123", "㻙ⲍ⍆觓栩朤談"},
+		{"12345678901234", "㻙ⲍ⍆觓栩朤諆ɔ"},
+		{"123456789012345", "㻙ⲍ⍆觓栩朤諆媕"},
+		{"1234567890123456", "㻙ⲍ⍆觓栩朤諆媕䆿"},
+	}, false)
+}
+
+func TestDecodeFileNameBase32(t *testing.T) {
+	enc, err := NewNameEncoding("base32")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "There should be no error creating name encoder for base32.")
 	// We've tested decoding the valid ones above, now concentrate on the invalid ones
 	for _, test := range []struct {
 		in          string
@@ -90,17 +147,65 @@ func TestDecodeFileName(t *testing.T) {
 		{"!", base32.CorruptInputError(0)},
 		{"hello=hello", base32.CorruptInputError(5)},
 	} {
-		actual, actualErr := decodeFileName(test.in)
+		actual, actualErr := enc.DecodeString(test.in)
 		assert.Equal(t, test.expectedErr, actualErr, fmt.Sprintf("in=%q got actual=%q, err = %v %T", test.in, actual, actualErr, actualErr))
 	}
 }
 
-func TestEncryptSegment(t *testing.T) {
-	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+func TestDecodeFileNameBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	enc, err := NewNameEncoding("base64")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "There should be no error creating name encoder for base32.")
+	// We've tested decoding the valid ones above, now concentrate on the invalid ones
 	for _, test := range []struct {
-		in       string
-		expected string
+		in          string
+		expectedErr error
 	}{
+		{"64=", base64.CorruptInputError(2)},
+		{"!", base64.CorruptInputError(0)},
+		{"Hello=Hello", base64.CorruptInputError(5)},
+	} {
+		actual, actualErr := enc.DecodeString(test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expectedErr, actualErr, fmt.Sprintf("in=%q got actual=%q, err = %v %T", test.in, actual, actualErr, actualErr))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecodeFileNameBase32768(t *testing.T) {
+	enc, err := NewNameEncoding("base32768")
+	assert.NoError(t, err, "There should be no error creating name encoder for base32.")
+	// We've tested decoding the valid ones above, now concentrate on the invalid ones
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		in          string
+		expectedErr error
+	}{
+		{"㼿c", base32768.CorruptInputError(1)},
+		{"!", base32768.CorruptInputError(0)},
+		{"㻙ⲿ=㻙ⲿ", base32768.CorruptInputError(2)},
+	} {
+		actual, actualErr := enc.DecodeString(test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expectedErr, actualErr, fmt.Sprintf("in=%q got actual=%q, err = %v %T", test.in, actual, actualErr, actualErr))
+	}
+}
+
+func testEncryptSegment(t *testing.T, encoding string, testCases []EncodingTestCase, caseInsensitive bool) {
+	enc, _ := NewNameEncoding(encoding)
+	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, enc)
+	for _, test := range testCases {
+		actual := c.encryptSegment(test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual, fmt.Sprintf("Testing %q", test.in))
+		recovered, err := c.decryptSegment(test.expected)
+		assert.NoError(t, err, fmt.Sprintf("Testing reverse %q", test.expected))
+		assert.Equal(t, test.in, recovered, fmt.Sprintf("Testing reverse %q", test.expected))
+		if caseInsensitive {
+			in := strings.ToUpper(test.expected)
+			recovered, err = c.decryptSegment(in)
+			assert.NoError(t, err, fmt.Sprintf("Testing reverse %q", in))
+			assert.Equal(t, test.in, recovered, fmt.Sprintf("Testing reverse %q", in))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEncryptSegmentBase32(t *testing.T) {
+	testEncryptSegment(t, "base32", []EncodingTestCase{
 		{"", ""},
 		{"1", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s"},
 		{"12", "l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng"},
@@ -118,26 +223,61 @@ func TestEncryptSegment(t *testing.T) {
 		{"12345678901234", "moq0uqdlqrblrc5pa5u5c7hq9g"},
 		{"123456789012345", "eeam3li4rnommi3a762h5n7meg"},
 		{"1234567890123456", "mijbj0frqf6ms7frcr6bd9h0env53jv96pjaaoirk7forcgpt70g"},
-	} {
-		actual := c.encryptSegment(test.in)
-		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual, fmt.Sprintf("Testing %q", test.in))
-		recovered, err := c.decryptSegment(test.expected)
-		assert.NoError(t, err, fmt.Sprintf("Testing reverse %q", test.expected))
-		assert.Equal(t, test.in, recovered, fmt.Sprintf("Testing reverse %q", test.expected))
-		in := strings.ToUpper(test.expected)
-		recovered, err = c.decryptSegment(in)
-		assert.NoError(t, err, fmt.Sprintf("Testing reverse %q", in))
-		assert.Equal(t, test.in, recovered, fmt.Sprintf("Testing reverse %q", in))
-	}
+	}, true)
 }
 
-func TestDecryptSegment(t *testing.T) {
+func TestEncryptSegmentBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	testEncryptSegment(t, "base64", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"", ""},
+		{"1", "yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw"},
+		{"12", "qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA"},
+		{"123", "1CxFf2Mti1xIPYlGruDh-A"},
+		{"1234", "RL-xOTmsxsG7kuTy2XJUxw"},
+		{"12345", "3FP_GHoeBJdq0yLgaED8IQ"},
+		{"123456", "Xc4T1Gqrs3OVYnrE6dpEWQ"},
+		{"1234567", "uZeEzssOnDWHEOzLqjwpog"},
+		{"12345678", "8noiTP5WkkbEuijsPhOpxQ"},
+		{"123456789", "GeNxgLA0wiaGAKU3U7qL4Q"},
+		{"1234567890", "x1DUhdmqoVWYVBLD3dha-A"},
+		{"12345678901", "iEyP_3BZR6vvv_2WM6NbZw"},
+		{"123456789012", "4OPGvS4SZdjvS568APUaFw"},
+		{"1234567890123", "Y8c5Wr8OhYYUo7fPwdojdg"},
+		{"12345678901234", "tjQPabXW112wuVF8Vh46TA"},
+		{"123456789012345", "c5Vh1kTd8WtIajmFEtz2dA"},
+		{"1234567890123456", "tKa5gfvTzW4d-2bMtqYgdf5Rz-k2ZqViW6HfjbIZ6cE"},
+	}, false)
+}
+
+func TestEncryptSegmentBase32768(t *testing.T) {
+	testEncryptSegment(t, "base32768", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"", ""},
+		{"1", "詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟"},
+		{"12", "竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟"},
+		{"123", "遶㞟鋅缕袡鲅ⵝ蝁ꌟ"},
+		{"1234", "䢟銮䵵狌㐜燳谒颴詟"},
+		{"12345", "钉Ꞇ㖃蚩憶狫朰杜㜿"},
+		{"123456", "啇ᚵⵕ憗䋫➫➓肤卟"},
+		{"1234567", "茫螓翁連劘樓㶔抉矟"},
+		{"12345678", "龝☳䘊辄岅較络㧩襟"},
+		{"123456789", "ⲱ苀㱆犂媐Ꮤ锇惫靟"},
+		{"1234567890", "計宁憕偵匢皫╛纺ꌟ"},
+		{"12345678901", "檆䨿鑫㪺藝ꡖ勇䦛婟"},
+		{"123456789012", "雑頏䰂䲝淚哚鹡魺⪟"},
+		{"1234567890123", "塃璶繁躸圅㔟䗃肃懟"},
+		{"12345678901234", "腺ᕚ崚鏕鏥讥鼌䑺䲿"},
+		{"123456789012345", "怪绕滻蕶肣但⠥荖惟"},
+		{"1234567890123456", "肳哀旚挶靏鏻㾭䱠慟㪳ꏆ賊兲铧敻塹魀ʟ"},
+	}, false)
+}
+
+func TestDecryptSegmentBase32(t *testing.T) {
 	// We've tested the forwards above, now concentrate on the errors
 	longName := make([]byte, 3328)
 	for i := range longName {
 		longName[i] = 'a'
 	}
-	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	enc, _ := NewNameEncoding("base32")
+	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, enc)
 	for _, test := range []struct {
 		in          string
 		expectedErr error
@@ -145,118 +285,371 @@ func TestDecryptSegment(t *testing.T) {
 		{"64=", ErrorBadBase32Encoding},
 		{"!", base32.CorruptInputError(0)},
 		{string(longName), ErrorTooLongAfterDecode},
-		{encodeFileName([]byte("a")), ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize},
-		{encodeFileName([]byte("123456789abcdef")), ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize},
-		{encodeFileName([]byte("123456789abcdef0")), pkcs7.ErrorPaddingTooLong},
+		{enc.EncodeToString([]byte("a")), ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize},
+		{enc.EncodeToString([]byte("123456789abcdef")), ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize},
+		{enc.EncodeToString([]byte("123456789abcdef0")), pkcs7.ErrorPaddingTooLong},
 	} {
 		actual, actualErr := c.decryptSegment(test.in)
 		assert.Equal(t, test.expectedErr, actualErr, fmt.Sprintf("in=%q got actual=%q, err = %v %T", test.in, actual, actualErr, actualErr))
 	}
 }
 
-func TestEncryptFileName(t *testing.T) {
+func TestDecryptSegmentBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	// We've tested the forwards above, now concentrate on the errors
+	longName := make([]byte, 2816)
+	for i := range longName {
+		longName[i] = 'a'
+	}
+	enc, _ := NewNameEncoding("base64")
+	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, enc)
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		in          string
+		expectedErr error
+	}{
+		{"6H=", base64.CorruptInputError(2)},
+		{"!", base64.CorruptInputError(0)},
+		{string(longName), ErrorTooLongAfterDecode},
+		{enc.EncodeToString([]byte("a")), ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize},
+		{enc.EncodeToString([]byte("123456789abcdef")), ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize},
+		{enc.EncodeToString([]byte("123456789abcdef0")), pkcs7.ErrorPaddingTooLong},
+	} {
+		actual, actualErr := c.decryptSegment(test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expectedErr, actualErr, fmt.Sprintf("in=%q got actual=%q, err = %v %T", test.in, actual, actualErr, actualErr))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDecryptSegmentBase32768(t *testing.T) {
+	// We've tested the forwards above, now concentrate on the errors
+	longName := strings.Repeat("怪", 1280)
+	enc, _ := NewNameEncoding("base32768")
+	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, enc)
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		in          string
+		expectedErr error
+	}{
+		{"怪=", base32768.CorruptInputError(1)},
+		{"!", base32768.CorruptInputError(0)},
+		{longName, ErrorTooLongAfterDecode},
+		{enc.EncodeToString([]byte("a")), ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize},
+		{enc.EncodeToString([]byte("123456789abcdef")), ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize},
+		{enc.EncodeToString([]byte("123456789abcdef0")), pkcs7.ErrorPaddingTooLong},
+	} {
+		actual, actualErr := c.decryptSegment(test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expectedErr, actualErr, fmt.Sprintf("in=%q got actual=%q, err = %v %T", test.in, actual, actualErr, actualErr))
+	}
+}
+
+func testStandardEncryptFileName(t *testing.T, encoding string, testCasesEncryptDir []EncodingTestCase, testCasesNoEncryptDir []EncodingTestCase) {
 	// First standard mode
-	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
-	assert.Equal(t, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s", c.EncryptFileName("1"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", c.EncryptFileName("1/12"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", c.EncryptFileName("1/12/123"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s-v2001-02-03-040506-123", c.EncryptFileName("1-v2001-02-03-040506-123"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng-v2001-02-03-040506-123", c.EncryptFileName("1/12-v2001-02-03-040506-123"))
+	enc, _ := NewNameEncoding(encoding)
+	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, enc)
+	for _, test := range testCasesEncryptDir {
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, c.EncryptFileName(test.in))
+	}
 	// Standard mode with directory name encryption off
-	c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", false)
-	assert.Equal(t, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s", c.EncryptFileName("1"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "1/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", c.EncryptFileName("1/12"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "1/12/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", c.EncryptFileName("1/12/123"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s-v2001-02-03-040506-123", c.EncryptFileName("1-v2001-02-03-040506-123"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "1/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng-v2001-02-03-040506-123", c.EncryptFileName("1/12-v2001-02-03-040506-123"))
-	// Now off mode
-	c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionOff, "", "", true)
+	c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", false, enc)
+	for _, test := range testCasesNoEncryptDir {
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, c.EncryptFileName(test.in))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStandardEncryptFileNameBase32(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardEncryptFileName(t, "base32", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"1", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s"},
+		{"1/12", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng"},
+		{"1/12/123", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0"},
+		{"1-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+		{"1/12-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+	}, []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"1", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s"},
+		{"1/12", "1/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng"},
+		{"1/12/123", "1/12/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0"},
+		{"1-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+		{"1/12-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "1/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStandardEncryptFileNameBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardEncryptFileName(t, "base64", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"1", "yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw"},
+		{"1/12", "yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw/qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA"},
+		{"1/12/123", "yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw/qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA/1CxFf2Mti1xIPYlGruDh-A"},
+		{"1-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+		{"1/12-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw/qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+	}, []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"1", "yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw"},
+		{"1/12", "1/qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA"},
+		{"1/12/123", "1/12/1CxFf2Mti1xIPYlGruDh-A"},
+		{"1-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+		{"1/12-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "1/qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStandardEncryptFileNameBase32768(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardEncryptFileName(t, "base32768", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"1", "詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟"},
+		{"1/12", "詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟/竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟"},
+		{"1/12/123", "詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟/竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟/遶㞟鋅缕袡鲅ⵝ蝁ꌟ"},
+		{"1-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+		{"1/12-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟/竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+	}, []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"1", "詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟"},
+		{"1/12", "1/竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟"},
+		{"1/12/123", "1/12/遶㞟鋅缕袡鲅ⵝ蝁ꌟ"},
+		{"1-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+		{"1/12-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "1/竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟-v2001-02-03-040506-123"},
+	})
+}
+
+func TestNonStandardEncryptFileName(t *testing.T) {
+	// Off mode
+	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionOff, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.Equal(t, "1/12/123.bin", c.EncryptFileName("1/12/123"))
 	// Obfuscation mode
-	c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionObfuscated, "", "", true)
+	c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionObfuscated, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.Equal(t, "49.6/99.23/150.890/53.!!lipps", c.EncryptFileName("1/12/123/!hello"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "49.6/99.23/150.890/53-v2001-02-03-040506-123.!!lipps", c.EncryptFileName("1/12/123/!hello-v2001-02-03-040506-123"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "49.6/99.23/150.890/162.uryyB-v2001-02-03-040506-123.GKG", c.EncryptFileName("1/12/123/hello-v2001-02-03-040506-123.txt"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "161.\u00e4", c.EncryptFileName("\u00a1"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "160.\u03c2", c.EncryptFileName("\u03a0"))
 	// Obfuscation mode with directory name encryption off
-	c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionObfuscated, "", "", false)
+	c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionObfuscated, "", "", false, nil)
 	assert.Equal(t, "1/12/123/53.!!lipps", c.EncryptFileName("1/12/123/!hello"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "1/12/123/53-v2001-02-03-040506-123.!!lipps", c.EncryptFileName("1/12/123/!hello-v2001-02-03-040506-123"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "161.\u00e4", c.EncryptFileName("\u00a1"))
 	assert.Equal(t, "160.\u03c2", c.EncryptFileName("\u03a0"))
 }
 
-func TestDecryptFileName(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, test := range []struct {
-		mode           NameEncryptionMode
-		dirNameEncrypt bool
-		in             string
-		expected       string
-		expectedErr    error
-	}{
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s", "1", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", "1/12", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeAJ0A5EA7S64M4J72S/L42G6771HNv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", "1/12", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", "1/12/123", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", "", ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, false, "1/12/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", "1/12/123", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s-v2001-02-03-040506-123", "1-v2001-02-03-040506-123", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123.bin", "1/12/123", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123.bix", "", ErrorNotAnEncryptedFile},
-		{NameEncryptionOff, true, ".bin", "", ErrorNotAnEncryptedFile},
-		{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123-v2001-02-03-040506-123.bin", "1/12/123-v2001-02-03-040506-123", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123-v1970-01-01-010101-123-v2001-02-03-040506-123.bin", "1/12/123-v1970-01-01-010101-123-v2001-02-03-040506-123", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123-v1970-01-01-010101-123-v2001-02-03-040506-123.txt.bin", "1/12/123-v1970-01-01-010101-123-v2001-02-03-040506-123.txt", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionObfuscated, true, "!.hello", "hello", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionObfuscated, true, "hello", "", ErrorNotAnEncryptedFile},
-		{NameEncryptionObfuscated, true, "161.\u00e4", "\u00a1", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionObfuscated, true, "160.\u03c2", "\u03a0", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionObfuscated, false, "1/12/123/53.!!lipps", "1/12/123/!hello", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionObfuscated, false, "1/12/123/53-v2001-02-03-040506-123.!!lipps", "1/12/123/!hello-v2001-02-03-040506-123", nil},
-	} {
-		c, _ := newCipher(test.mode, "", "", test.dirNameEncrypt)
+func testStandardDecryptFileName(t *testing.T, encoding string, testCases []EncodingTestCase, caseInsensitive bool) {
+	enc, _ := NewNameEncoding(encoding)
+	for _, test := range testCases {
+		// Test when dirNameEncrypt=true
+		c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, enc)
 		actual, actualErr := c.DecryptFileName(test.in)
-		what := fmt.Sprintf("Testing %q (mode=%v)", test.in, test.mode)
-		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual, what)
-		assert.Equal(t, test.expectedErr, actualErr, what)
+		assert.NoError(t, actualErr)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual)
+		if caseInsensitive {
+			c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, enc)
+			actual, actualErr := c.DecryptFileName(strings.ToUpper(test.in))
+			assert.NoError(t, actualErr)
+			assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual)
+		}
+		// Add a character should raise ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize
+		actual, actualErr = c.DecryptFileName(enc.EncodeToString([]byte("1")) + test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize, actualErr)
+		assert.Equal(t, "", actual)
+		// Test when dirNameEncrypt=false
+		noDirEncryptIn := test.in
+		if strings.LastIndex(test.expected, "/") != -1 {
+			noDirEncryptIn = test.expected[:strings.LastIndex(test.expected, "/")] + test.in[strings.LastIndex(test.in, "/"):]
+		}
+		c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", false, enc)
+		actual, actualErr = c.DecryptFileName(noDirEncryptIn)
+		assert.NoError(t, actualErr)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStandardDecryptFileNameBase32(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardDecryptFileName(t, "base32", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s", "1"},
+		{"p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", "1/12"},
+		{"p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", "1/12/123"},
+	}, true)
+}
+
+func TestStandardDecryptFileNameBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardDecryptFileName(t, "base64", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw", "1"},
+		{"yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw/qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA", "1/12"},
+		{"yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw/qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA/1CxFf2Mti1xIPYlGruDh-A", "1/12/123"},
+	}, false)
+}
+
+func TestStandardDecryptFileNameBase32768(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardDecryptFileName(t, "base32768", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟", "1"},
+		{"詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟/竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟", "1/12"},
+		{"詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟/竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟/遶㞟鋅缕袡鲅ⵝ蝁ꌟ", "1/12/123"},
+	}, false)
+}
+
+func TestNonStandardDecryptFileName(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, encoding := range []string{"base32", "base64", "base32768"} {
+		enc, _ := NewNameEncoding(encoding)
+		for _, test := range []struct {
+			mode           NameEncryptionMode
+			dirNameEncrypt bool
+			in             string
+			expected       string
+			expectedErr    error
+		}{
+			{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123.bin", "1/12/123", nil},
+			{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123.bix", "", ErrorNotAnEncryptedFile},
+			{NameEncryptionOff, true, ".bin", "", ErrorNotAnEncryptedFile},
+			{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123-v2001-02-03-040506-123.bin", "1/12/123-v2001-02-03-040506-123", nil},
+			{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123-v1970-01-01-010101-123-v2001-02-03-040506-123.bin", "1/12/123-v1970-01-01-010101-123-v2001-02-03-040506-123", nil},
+			{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123-v1970-01-01-010101-123-v2001-02-03-040506-123.txt.bin", "1/12/123-v1970-01-01-010101-123-v2001-02-03-040506-123.txt", nil},
+			{NameEncryptionObfuscated, true, "!.hello", "hello", nil},
+			{NameEncryptionObfuscated, true, "hello", "", ErrorNotAnEncryptedFile},
+			{NameEncryptionObfuscated, true, "161.\u00e4", "\u00a1", nil},
+			{NameEncryptionObfuscated, true, "160.\u03c2", "\u03a0", nil},
+			{NameEncryptionObfuscated, false, "1/12/123/53.!!lipps", "1/12/123/!hello", nil},
+			{NameEncryptionObfuscated, false, "1/12/123/53-v2001-02-03-040506-123.!!lipps", "1/12/123/!hello-v2001-02-03-040506-123", nil},
+		} {
+			c, _ := newCipher(test.mode, "", "", test.dirNameEncrypt, enc)
+			actual, actualErr := c.DecryptFileName(test.in)
+			what := fmt.Sprintf("Testing %q (mode=%v)", test.in, test.mode)
+			assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual, what)
+			assert.Equal(t, test.expectedErr, actualErr, what)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
 func TestEncDecMatches(t *testing.T) {
-	for _, test := range []struct {
-		mode NameEncryptionMode
-		in   string
-	}{
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, "1/2/3/4"},
-		{NameEncryptionOff, "1/2/3/4"},
-		{NameEncryptionObfuscated, "1/2/3/4/!hello\u03a0"},
-		{NameEncryptionObfuscated, "Avatar The Last Airbender"},
-	} {
-		c, _ := newCipher(test.mode, "", "", true)
-		out, err := c.DecryptFileName(c.EncryptFileName(test.in))
-		what := fmt.Sprintf("Testing %q (mode=%v)", test.in, test.mode)
-		assert.Equal(t, out, test.in, what)
-		assert.Equal(t, err, nil, what)
+	for _, encoding := range []string{"base32", "base64", "base32768"} {
+		enc, _ := NewNameEncoding(encoding)
+		for _, test := range []struct {
+			mode NameEncryptionMode
+			in   string
+		}{
+			{NameEncryptionStandard, "1/2/3/4"},
+			{NameEncryptionOff, "1/2/3/4"},
+			{NameEncryptionObfuscated, "1/2/3/4/!hello\u03a0"},
+			{NameEncryptionObfuscated, "Avatar The Last Airbender"},
+		} {
+			c, _ := newCipher(test.mode, "", "", true, enc)
+			out, err := c.DecryptFileName(c.EncryptFileName(test.in))
+			what := fmt.Sprintf("Testing %q (mode=%v)", test.in, test.mode)
+			assert.Equal(t, out, test.in, what)
+			assert.Equal(t, err, nil, what)
+		}
 	}
 }
 
-func TestEncryptDirName(t *testing.T) {
+func testStandardEncryptDirName(t *testing.T, encoding string, testCases []EncodingTestCase) {
+	enc, _ := NewNameEncoding(encoding)
+	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, enc)
 	// First standard mode
-	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
-	assert.Equal(t, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s", c.EncryptDirName("1"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", c.EncryptDirName("1/12"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", c.EncryptDirName("1/12/123"))
-	// Standard mode with dir name encryption off
-	c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", false)
-	assert.Equal(t, "1/12", c.EncryptDirName("1/12"))
-	assert.Equal(t, "1/12/123", c.EncryptDirName("1/12/123"))
-	// Now off mode
-	c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionOff, "", "", true)
-	assert.Equal(t, "1/12/123", c.EncryptDirName("1/12/123"))
+	for _, test := range testCases {
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, c.EncryptDirName(test.in))
+	}
 }
 
-func TestDecryptDirName(t *testing.T) {
+func TestStandardEncryptDirNameBase32(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardEncryptDirName(t, "base32", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"1", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s"},
+		{"1/12", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng"},
+		{"1/12/123", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0"},
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStandardEncryptDirNameBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardEncryptDirName(t, "base64", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"1", "yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw"},
+		{"1/12", "yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw/qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA"},
+		{"1/12/123", "yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw/qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA/1CxFf2Mti1xIPYlGruDh-A"},
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStandardEncryptDirNameBase32768(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardEncryptDirName(t, "base32768", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"1", "詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟"},
+		{"1/12", "詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟/竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟"},
+		{"1/12/123", "詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟/竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟/遶㞟鋅缕袡鲅ⵝ蝁ꌟ"},
+	})
+}
+
+func TestNonStandardEncryptDirName(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, encoding := range []string{"base32", "base64", "base32768"} {
+		enc, _ := NewNameEncoding(encoding)
+		c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", false, enc)
+		assert.Equal(t, "1/12", c.EncryptDirName("1/12"))
+		assert.Equal(t, "1/12/123", c.EncryptDirName("1/12/123"))
+		// Now off mode
+		c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionOff, "", "", true, enc)
+		assert.Equal(t, "1/12/123", c.EncryptDirName("1/12/123"))
+	}
+}
+
+func testStandardDecryptDirName(t *testing.T, encoding string, testCases []EncodingTestCase, caseInsensitive bool) {
+	enc, _ := NewNameEncoding(encoding)
+	for _, test := range testCases {
+		// Test dirNameEncrypt=true
+		c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, enc)
+		actual, actualErr := c.DecryptDirName(test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual)
+		assert.NoError(t, actualErr)
+		if caseInsensitive {
+			actual, actualErr := c.DecryptDirName(strings.ToUpper(test.in))
+			assert.Equal(t, actual, test.expected)
+			assert.NoError(t, actualErr)
+		}
+		actual, actualErr = c.DecryptDirName(enc.EncodeToString([]byte("1")) + test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, "", actual)
+		assert.Equal(t, ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize, actualErr)
+		// Test dirNameEncrypt=false
+		c, _ = newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", false, enc)
+		actual, actualErr = c.DecryptDirName(test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.in, actual)
+		assert.NoError(t, actualErr)
+		actual, actualErr = c.DecryptDirName(test.expected)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual)
+		assert.NoError(t, actualErr)
+		// Test dirNameEncrypt=false
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+enc, _ := NewNameEncoding(encoding)
+for _, test := range []struct {
+	mode           NameEncryptionMode
+	dirNameEncrypt bool
+	in             string
+	expected       string
+	expectedErr    error
+}{
+	{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s", "1", nil},
+	{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", "1/12", nil},
+	{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeAJ0A5EA7S64M4J72S/L42G6771HNv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", "1/12", nil},
+	{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", "1/12/123", nil},
+	{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", "", ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize},
+	{NameEncryptionStandard, false, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", nil},
+	{NameEncryptionStandard, false, "1/12/123", "1/12/123", nil},
+} {
+	c, _ := newCipher(test.mode, "", "", test.dirNameEncrypt, enc)
+	actual, actualErr := c.DecryptDirName(test.in)
+	what := fmt.Sprintf("Testing %q (mode=%v)", test.in, test.mode)
+	assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual, what)
+	assert.Equal(t, test.expectedErr, actualErr, what)
+}
+*/
+
+func TestStandardDecryptDirNameBase32(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardDecryptDirName(t, "base32", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s", "1"},
+		{"p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", "1/12"},
+		{"p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", "1/12/123"},
+	}, true)
+}
+
+func TestStandardDecryptDirNameBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardDecryptDirName(t, "base64", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw", "1"},
+		{"yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw/qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA", "1/12"},
+		{"yBxRX25ypgUVyj8MSxJnFw/qQUDHOGN_jVdLIMQzYrhvA/1CxFf2Mti1xIPYlGruDh-A", "1/12/123"},
+	}, false)
+}
+
+func TestStandardDecryptDirNameBase32768(t *testing.T) {
+	testStandardDecryptDirName(t, "base32768", []EncodingTestCase{
+		{"詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟", "1"},
+		{"詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟/竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟", "1/12"},
+		{"詮㪗鐮僀伎作㻖㢧⪟/竢朧䉱虃光塬䟛⣡蓟/遶㞟鋅缕袡鲅ⵝ蝁ꌟ", "1/12/123"},
+	}, false)
+}
+
+func TestNonStandardDecryptDirName(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, test := range []struct {
 		mode           NameEncryptionMode
 		dirNameEncrypt bool
@@ -264,18 +657,11 @@ func TestDecryptDirName(t *testing.T) {
 		expected       string
 		expectedErr    error
 	}{
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s", "1", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", "1/12", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeAJ0A5EA7S64M4J72S/L42G6771HNv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", "1/12", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", "1/12/123", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, true, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1/qgm4avr35m5loi1th53ato71v0", "", ErrorNotAMultipleOfBlocksize},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, false, "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", "p0e52nreeaj0a5ea7s64m4j72s/l42g6771hnv3an9cgc8cr2n1ng", nil},
-		{NameEncryptionStandard, false, "1/12/123", "1/12/123", nil},
 		{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123.bin", "1/12/123.bin", nil},
 		{NameEncryptionOff, true, "1/12/123", "1/12/123", nil},
 		{NameEncryptionOff, true, ".bin", ".bin", nil},
 	} {
-		c, _ := newCipher(test.mode, "", "", test.dirNameEncrypt)
+		c, _ := newCipher(test.mode, "", "", test.dirNameEncrypt, nil)
 		actual, actualErr := c.DecryptDirName(test.in)
 		what := fmt.Sprintf("Testing %q (mode=%v)", test.in, test.mode)
 		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, actual, what)
@@ -284,7 +670,7 @@ func TestDecryptDirName(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestEncryptedSize(t *testing.T) {
-	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	for _, test := range []struct {
 		in       int64
 		expected int64
@@ -308,7 +694,7 @@ func TestEncryptedSize(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDecryptedSize(t *testing.T) {
 	// Test the errors since we tested the reverse above
-	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, _ := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	for _, test := range []struct {
 		in          int64
 		expectedErr error
@@ -637,7 +1023,7 @@ func (r *randomSource) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 func (r *randomSource) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	for i := range p {
 		if p[i] != r.next() {
-			return 0, errors.Errorf("Error in stream at %d", r.counter)
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("Error in stream at %d", r.counter)
 		}
 	}
 	return len(p), nil
@@ -679,14 +1065,14 @@ func (z *zeroes) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 
 // Test encrypt decrypt with different buffer sizes
 func testEncryptDecrypt(t *testing.T, bufSize int, copySize int64) {
-	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	c.cryptoRand = &zeroes{} // zero out the nonce
 	buf := make([]byte, bufSize)
 	source := newRandomSource(copySize)
 	encrypted, err := c.newEncrypter(source, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	decrypted, err := c.newDecrypter(ioutil.NopCloser(encrypted))
+	decrypted, err := c.newDecrypter(io.NopCloser(encrypted))
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	sink := newRandomSource(copySize)
 	n, err := io.CopyBuffer(sink, decrypted, buf)
@@ -749,7 +1135,7 @@ func TestEncryptData(t *testing.T) {
 		{[]byte{1}, file1},
 		{[]byte{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16}, file16},
 	} {
-		c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+		c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		c.cryptoRand = newRandomSource(1e8) // nodge the crypto rand generator
 
@@ -757,22 +1143,22 @@ func TestEncryptData(t *testing.T) {
 		buf := bytes.NewBuffer(test.in)
 		encrypted, err := c.EncryptData(buf)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		out, err := ioutil.ReadAll(encrypted)
+		out, err := io.ReadAll(encrypted)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, test.expected, out)
 
 		// Check we can decode the data properly too...
 		buf = bytes.NewBuffer(out)
-		decrypted, err := c.DecryptData(ioutil.NopCloser(buf))
+		decrypted, err := c.DecryptData(io.NopCloser(buf))
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		out, err = ioutil.ReadAll(decrypted)
+		out, err = io.ReadAll(decrypted)
 		assert.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, test.in, out)
 	}
 }
 
 func TestNewEncrypter(t *testing.T) {
-	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	c.cryptoRand = newRandomSource(1e8) // nodge the crypto rand generator
 
@@ -788,20 +1174,19 @@ func TestNewEncrypter(t *testing.T) {
 	fh, err = c.newEncrypter(z, nil)
 	assert.Nil(t, fh)
 	assert.Error(t, err, "short read of nonce")
-
 }
 
 // Test the stream returning 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF - this used to
 // cause a fatal loop
 func TestNewEncrypterErrUnexpectedEOF(t *testing.T) {
-	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	in := &readers.ErrorReader{Err: io.ErrUnexpectedEOF}
 	fh, err := c.newEncrypter(in, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	n, err := io.CopyN(ioutil.Discard, fh, 1e6)
+	n, err := io.CopyN(io.Discard, fh, 1e6)
 	assert.Equal(t, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(32), n)
 }
@@ -823,7 +1208,7 @@ func (c *closeDetector) Close() error {
 }
 
 func TestNewDecrypter(t *testing.T) {
-	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	c.cryptoRand = newRandomSource(1e8) // nodge the crypto rand generator
 
@@ -866,36 +1251,36 @@ func TestNewDecrypter(t *testing.T) {
 
 // Test the stream returning 0, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
 func TestNewDecrypterErrUnexpectedEOF(t *testing.T) {
-	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	in2 := &readers.ErrorReader{Err: io.ErrUnexpectedEOF}
 	in1 := bytes.NewBuffer(file16)
-	in := ioutil.NopCloser(io.MultiReader(in1, in2))
+	in := io.NopCloser(io.MultiReader(in1, in2))
 
 	fh, err := c.newDecrypter(in)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
-	n, err := io.CopyN(ioutil.Discard, fh, 1e6)
+	n, err := io.CopyN(io.Discard, fh, 1e6)
 	assert.Equal(t, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, int64(16), n)
 }
 
 func TestNewDecrypterSeekLimit(t *testing.T) {
-	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	c.cryptoRand = &zeroes{} // nodge the crypto rand generator
 
 	// Make random data
 	const dataSize = 150000
-	plaintext, err := ioutil.ReadAll(newRandomSource(dataSize))
+	plaintext, err := io.ReadAll(newRandomSource(dataSize))
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Encrypt the data
 	buf := bytes.NewBuffer(plaintext)
 	encrypted, err := c.EncryptData(buf)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	ciphertext, err := ioutil.ReadAll(encrypted)
+	ciphertext, err := io.ReadAll(encrypted)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	trials := []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 15, 16, 17, 31, 32, 33, 63, 64, 65,
@@ -914,7 +1299,7 @@ func TestNewDecrypterSeekLimit(t *testing.T) {
 				end = len(ciphertext)
 			}
 		}
-		reader = ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(ciphertext[int(underlyingOffset):end]))
+		reader = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(ciphertext[int(underlyingOffset):end]))
 		return reader, nil
 	}
 
@@ -1088,7 +1473,7 @@ func TestDecrypterCalculateUnderlying(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDecrypterRead(t *testing.T) {
-	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Test truncating the file at each possible point
@@ -1104,7 +1489,7 @@ func TestDecrypterRead(t *testing.T) {
 			assert.NoError(t, err, what)
 			continue
 		}
-		_, err = ioutil.ReadAll(fh)
+		_, err = io.ReadAll(fh)
 		var expectedErr error
 		switch {
 		case i == fileHeaderSize:
@@ -1128,7 +1513,7 @@ func TestDecrypterRead(t *testing.T) {
 	cd := newCloseDetector(in)
 	fh, err := c.newDecrypter(cd)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = ioutil.ReadAll(fh)
+	_, err = io.ReadAll(fh)
 	assert.Error(t, err, "potato")
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, cd.closed)
 
@@ -1138,13 +1523,13 @@ func TestDecrypterRead(t *testing.T) {
 	copy(file16copy, file16)
 	for i := range file16copy {
 		file16copy[i] ^= 0xFF
-		fh, err := c.newDecrypter(ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(file16copy)))
+		fh, err := c.newDecrypter(io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(file16copy)))
 		if i < fileMagicSize {
 			assert.Error(t, err, ErrorEncryptedBadMagic.Error())
 			assert.Nil(t, fh)
 		} else {
 			assert.NoError(t, err)
-			_, err = ioutil.ReadAll(fh)
+			_, err = io.ReadAll(fh)
 			assert.Error(t, err, ErrorEncryptedFileBadHeader.Error())
 		}
 		file16copy[i] ^= 0xFF
@@ -1152,7 +1537,7 @@ func TestDecrypterRead(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDecrypterClose(t *testing.T) {
-	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	cd := newCloseDetector(bytes.NewBuffer(file16))
@@ -1179,7 +1564,7 @@ func TestDecrypterClose(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 0, cd.closed)
 
 	// close after reading
-	out, err := ioutil.ReadAll(fh)
+	out, err := io.ReadAll(fh)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, []byte{1}, out)
 	assert.Equal(t, io.EOF, fh.err)
@@ -1190,7 +1575,7 @@ func TestDecrypterClose(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPutGetBlock(t *testing.T) {
-	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	block := c.getBlock()
@@ -1201,7 +1586,7 @@ func TestPutGetBlock(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestKey(t *testing.T) {
-	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true)
+	c, err := newCipher(NameEncryptionStandard, "", "", true, nil)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// Check zero keys OK

backend/crypt/crypt.go

@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ package crypt
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"path"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/cache"
@@ -28,9 +28,12 @@ func init() {
 		Description: "Encrypt/Decrypt a remote",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
 		CommandHelp: commandHelp,
+		MetadataInfo: &fs.MetadataInfo{
+			Help: `Any metadata supported by the underlying remote is read and written.`,
+		},
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "remote",
-			Help:     "Remote to encrypt/decrypt.\nNormally should contain a ':' and a path, e.g. \"myremote:path/to/dir\",\n\"myremote:bucket\" or maybe \"myremote:\" (not recommended).",
+			Help:     "Remote to encrypt/decrypt.\n\nNormally should contain a ':' and a path, e.g. \"myremote:path/to/dir\",\n\"myremote:bucket\" or maybe \"myremote:\" (not recommended).",
 			Required: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "filename_encryption",
@@ -39,13 +42,13 @@ func init() {
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{
 				{
 					Value: "standard",
-					Help:  "Encrypt the filenames see the docs for the details.",
+					Help:  "Encrypt the filenames.\nSee the docs for the details.",
 				}, {
 					Value: "obfuscate",
 					Help:  "Very simple filename obfuscation.",
 				}, {
 					Value: "off",
-					Help:  "Don't encrypt the file names.  Adds a \".bin\" extension only.",
+					Help:  "Don't encrypt the file names.\nAdds a \".bin\" extension only.",
 				},
 			},
 		}, {
@@ -71,7 +74,7 @@ NB If filename_encryption is "off" then this option will do nothing.`,
 			Required:   true,
 		}, {
 			Name:       "password2",
-			Help:       "Password or pass phrase for salt. Optional but recommended.\nShould be different to the previous password.",
+			Help:       "Password or pass phrase for salt.\n\nOptional but recommended.\nShould be different to the previous password.",
 			IsPassword: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "server_side_across_configs",
@@ -116,6 +119,29 @@ names, or for debugging purposes.`,
 					Help:  "Encrypt file data.",
 				},
 			},
+		}, {
+			Name: "filename_encoding",
+			Help: `How to encode the encrypted filename to text string.
+
+This option could help with shortening the encrypted filename. The 
+suitable option would depend on the way your remote count the filename
+length and if it's case sensitive.`,
+			Default: "base32",
+			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{
+				{
+					Value: "base32",
+					Help:  "Encode using base32. Suitable for all remote.",
+				},
+				{
+					Value: "base64",
+					Help:  "Encode using base64. Suitable for case sensitive remote.",
+				},
+				{
+					Value: "base32768",
+					Help:  "Encode using base32768. Suitable if your remote counts UTF-16 or\nUnicode codepoint instead of UTF-8 byte length. (Eg. Onedrive)",
+				},
+			},
+			Advanced: true,
 		}},
 	})
 }
@@ -131,18 +157,22 @@ func newCipherForConfig(opt *Options) (*Cipher, error) {
 	}
 	password, err := obscure.Reveal(opt.Password)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to decrypt password")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decrypt password: %w", err)
 	}
 	var salt string
 	if opt.Password2 != "" {
 		salt, err = obscure.Reveal(opt.Password2)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to decrypt password2")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to decrypt password2: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
-	cipher, err := newCipher(mode, password, salt, opt.DirectoryNameEncryption)
+	enc, err := NewNameEncoding(opt.FilenameEncoding)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to make cipher")
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	cipher, err := newCipher(mode, password, salt, opt.DirectoryNameEncryption, enc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to make cipher: %w", err)
 	}
 	return cipher, nil
 }
@@ -192,7 +222,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs,
 		}
 	}
 	if err != fs.ErrorIsFile && err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to make remote %q to wrap", remote)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to make remote %q to wrap: %w", remote, err)
 	}
 	f := &Fs{
 		Fs:     wrappedFs,
@@ -205,7 +235,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs,
 	// the features here are ones we could support, and they are
 	// ANDed with the ones from wrappedFs
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
-		CaseInsensitive:         cipher.NameEncryptionMode() == NameEncryptionOff,
+		CaseInsensitive:         !cipher.dirNameEncrypt || cipher.NameEncryptionMode() == NameEncryptionOff,
 		DuplicateFiles:          true,
 		ReadMimeType:            false, // MimeTypes not supported with crypt
 		WriteMimeType:           false,
@@ -214,6 +244,9 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs,
 		SetTier:                 true,
 		GetTier:                 true,
 		ServerSideAcrossConfigs: opt.ServerSideAcrossConfigs,
+		ReadMetadata:            true,
+		WriteMetadata:           true,
+		UserMetadata:            true,
 	}).Fill(ctx, f).Mask(ctx, wrappedFs).WrapsFs(f, wrappedFs)
 
 	return f, err
@@ -229,6 +262,7 @@ type Options struct {
 	Password2               string `config:"password2"`
 	ServerSideAcrossConfigs bool   `config:"server_side_across_configs"`
 	ShowMapping             bool   `config:"show_mapping"`
+	FilenameEncoding        string `config:"filename_encoding"`
 }
 
 // Fs represents a wrapped fs.Fs
@@ -300,7 +334,7 @@ func (f *Fs) encryptEntries(ctx context.Context, entries fs.DirEntries) (newEntr
 		case fs.Directory:
 			f.addDir(ctx, &newEntries, x)
 		default:
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("Unknown object type %T", entry)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown object type %T", entry)
 		}
 	}
 	return newEntries, nil
@@ -362,8 +396,14 @@ type putFn func(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ..
 
 // put implements Put or PutStream
 func (f *Fs) put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options []fs.OpenOption, put putFn) (fs.Object, error) {
+	ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
+
 	if f.opt.NoDataEncryption {
-		return put(ctx, in, f.newObjectInfo(src, nonce{}), options...)
+		o, err := put(ctx, in, f.newObjectInfo(src, nonce{}), options...)
+		if err == nil && o != nil {
+			o = f.newObject(o)
+		}
+		return o, err
 	}
 
 	// Encrypt the data into wrappedIn
@@ -375,6 +415,9 @@ func (f *Fs) put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options [
 	// Find a hash the destination supports to compute a hash of
 	// the encrypted data
 	ht := f.Fs.Hashes().GetOne()
+	if ci.IgnoreChecksum {
+		ht = hash.None
+	}
 	var hasher *hash.MultiHasher
 	if ht != hash.None {
 		hasher, err = hash.NewMultiHasherTypes(hash.NewHashSet(ht))
@@ -402,7 +445,7 @@ func (f *Fs) put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options [
 		var dstHash string
 		dstHash, err = o.Hash(ctx, ht)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to read destination hash")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read destination hash: %w", err)
 		}
 		if srcHash != "" && dstHash != "" {
 			if srcHash != dstHash {
@@ -411,7 +454,7 @@ func (f *Fs) put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options [
 				if err != nil {
 					fs.Errorf(o, "Failed to remove corrupted object: %v", err)
 				}
-				return nil, errors.Errorf("corrupted on transfer: %v crypted hash differ %q vs %q", ht, srcHash, dstHash)
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("corrupted on transfer: %v crypted hash differ src %q vs dst %q", ht, srcHash, dstHash)
 			}
 			fs.Debugf(src, "%v = %s OK", ht, srcHash)
 		}
@@ -469,9 +512,9 @@ func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 
 // Copy src to this remote using server-side copy operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -494,9 +537,9 @@ func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 
 // Move src to this remote using server-side move operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -565,7 +608,7 @@ func (f *Fs) PutUnchecked(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo,
 func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) error {
 	do := f.Fs.Features().CleanUp
 	if do == nil {
-		return errors.New("can't CleanUp")
+		return errors.New("not supported by underlying remote")
 	}
 	return do(ctx)
 }
@@ -574,7 +617,7 @@ func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) error {
 func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (*fs.Usage, error) {
 	do := f.Fs.Features().About
 	if do == nil {
-		return nil, errors.New("About not supported")
+		return nil, errors.New("not supported by underlying remote")
 	}
 	return do(ctx)
 }
@@ -612,24 +655,24 @@ func (f *Fs) computeHashWithNonce(ctx context.Context, nonce nonce, src fs.Objec
 	// Open the src for input
 	in, err := src.Open(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "failed to open src")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to open src: %w", err)
 	}
 	defer fs.CheckClose(in, &err)
 
 	// Now encrypt the src with the nonce
 	out, err := f.cipher.newEncrypter(in, &nonce)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "failed to make encrypter")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to make encrypter: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// pipe into hash
 	m, err := hash.NewMultiHasherTypes(hash.NewHashSet(hashType))
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "failed to make hasher")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to make hasher: %w", err)
 	}
 	_, err = io.Copy(m, out)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "failed to hash data")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to hash data: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return m.Sums()[hashType], nil
@@ -648,12 +691,12 @@ func (f *Fs) ComputeHash(ctx context.Context, o *Object, src fs.Object, hashType
 	// use a limited read so we only read the header
 	in, err := o.Object.Open(ctx, &fs.RangeOption{Start: 0, End: int64(fileHeaderSize) - 1})
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "failed to open object to read nonce")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to open object to read nonce: %w", err)
 	}
 	d, err := f.cipher.newDecrypter(in)
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = in.Close()
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "failed to open object to read nonce")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to open object to read nonce: %w", err)
 	}
 	nonce := d.nonce
 	// fs.Debugf(o, "Read nonce % 2x", nonce)
@@ -672,7 +715,7 @@ func (f *Fs) ComputeHash(ctx context.Context, o *Object, src fs.Object, hashType
 	// Close d (and hence in) once we have read the nonce
 	err = d.Close()
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "failed to close nonce read")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to close nonce read: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return f.computeHashWithNonce(ctx, nonce, src, hashType)
@@ -791,7 +834,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Command(ctx context.Context, name string, arg []string, opt map[str
 		for _, encryptedFileName := range arg {
 			fileName, err := f.DecryptFileName(encryptedFileName)
 			if err != nil {
-				return out, errors.Wrap(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to decrypt : %s", encryptedFileName))
+				return out, fmt.Errorf("failed to decrypt: %s: %w", encryptedFileName, err)
 			}
 			out = append(out, fileName)
 		}
@@ -995,6 +1038,9 @@ func (o *ObjectInfo) Size() int64 {
 	if size < 0 {
 		return size
 	}
+	if o.f.opt.NoDataEncryption {
+		return size
+	}
 	return o.f.cipher.EncryptedSize(size)
 }
 
@@ -1006,10 +1052,11 @@ func (o *ObjectInfo) Hash(ctx context.Context, hash hash.Type) (string, error) {
 	// Get the underlying object if there is one
 	if srcObj, ok = o.ObjectInfo.(fs.Object); ok {
 		// Prefer direct interface assertion
-	} else if do, ok := o.ObjectInfo.(fs.ObjectUnWrapper); ok {
-		// Otherwise likely is an operations.OverrideRemote
+	} else if do, ok := o.ObjectInfo.(*fs.OverrideRemote); ok {
+		// Unwrap if it is an operations.OverrideRemote
 		srcObj = do.UnWrap()
 	} else {
+		// Otherwise don't unwrap any further
 		return "", nil
 	}
 	// if this is wrapping a local object then we work out the hash
@@ -1021,6 +1068,50 @@ func (o *ObjectInfo) Hash(ctx context.Context, hash hash.Type) (string, error) {
 	return "", nil
 }
 
+// GetTier returns storage tier or class of the Object
+func (o *ObjectInfo) GetTier() string {
+	do, ok := o.ObjectInfo.(fs.GetTierer)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return do.GetTier()
+}
+
+// ID returns the ID of the Object if known, or "" if not
+func (o *ObjectInfo) ID() string {
+	do, ok := o.ObjectInfo.(fs.IDer)
+	if !ok {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return do.ID()
+}
+
+// Metadata returns metadata for an object
+//
+// It should return nil if there is no Metadata
+func (o *ObjectInfo) Metadata(ctx context.Context) (fs.Metadata, error) {
+	do, ok := o.ObjectInfo.(fs.Metadataer)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return do.Metadata(ctx)
+}
+
+// MimeType returns the content type of the Object if
+// known, or "" if not
+//
+// This is deliberately unsupported so we don't leak mime type info by
+// default.
+func (o *ObjectInfo) MimeType(ctx context.Context) string {
+	return ""
+}
+
+// UnWrap returns the Object that this Object is wrapping or
+// nil if it isn't wrapping anything
+func (o *ObjectInfo) UnWrap() fs.Object {
+	return fs.UnWrapObjectInfo(o.ObjectInfo)
+}
+
 // ID returns the ID of the Object if known, or "" if not
 func (o *Object) ID() string {
 	do, ok := o.Object.(fs.IDer)
@@ -1049,6 +1140,26 @@ func (o *Object) GetTier() string {
 	return do.GetTier()
 }
 
+// Metadata returns metadata for an object
+//
+// It should return nil if there is no Metadata
+func (o *Object) Metadata(ctx context.Context) (fs.Metadata, error) {
+	do, ok := o.Object.(fs.Metadataer)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return do.Metadata(ctx)
+}
+
+// MimeType returns the content type of the Object if
+// known, or "" if not
+//
+// This is deliberately unsupported so we don't leak mime type info by
+// default.
+func (o *Object) MimeType(ctx context.Context) string {
+	return ""
+}
+
 // Check the interfaces are satisfied
 var (
 	_ fs.Fs              = (*Fs)(nil)
@@ -1071,10 +1182,6 @@ var (
 	_ fs.UserInfoer      = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.Disconnecter    = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.Shutdowner      = (*Fs)(nil)
-	_ fs.ObjectInfo      = (*ObjectInfo)(nil)
-	_ fs.Object          = (*Object)(nil)
-	_ fs.ObjectUnWrapper = (*Object)(nil)
-	_ fs.IDer            = (*Object)(nil)
-	_ fs.SetTierer       = (*Object)(nil)
-	_ fs.GetTierer       = (*Object)(nil)
+	_ fs.FullObjectInfo  = (*ObjectInfo)(nil)
+	_ fs.FullObject      = (*Object)(nil)
 )

backend/crypt/crypt_internal_test.go

@@ -17,41 +17,28 @@ import (
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )
 
-type testWrapper struct {
-	fs.ObjectInfo
-}
-
-// UnWrap returns the Object that this Object is wrapping or nil if it
-// isn't wrapping anything
-func (o testWrapper) UnWrap() fs.Object {
-	if o, ok := o.ObjectInfo.(fs.Object); ok {
-		return o
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // Create a temporary local fs to upload things from
 
-func makeTempLocalFs(t *testing.T) (localFs fs.Fs, cleanup func()) {
+func makeTempLocalFs(t *testing.T) (localFs fs.Fs) {
 	localFs, err := fs.TemporaryLocalFs(context.Background())
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	cleanup = func() {
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		require.NoError(t, localFs.Rmdir(context.Background(), ""))
-	}
-	return localFs, cleanup
+	})
+	return localFs
 }
 
 // Upload a file to a remote
-func uploadFile(t *testing.T, f fs.Fs, remote, contents string) (obj fs.Object, cleanup func()) {
+func uploadFile(t *testing.T, f fs.Fs, remote, contents string) (obj fs.Object) {
 	inBuf := bytes.NewBufferString(contents)
 	t1 := time.Date(2012, time.December, 17, 18, 32, 31, 0, time.UTC)
 	upSrc := object.NewStaticObjectInfo(remote, t1, int64(len(contents)), true, nil, nil)
 	obj, err := f.Put(context.Background(), inBuf, upSrc)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	cleanup = func() {
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
 		require.NoError(t, obj.Remove(context.Background()))
-	}
-	return obj, cleanup
+	})
+	return obj
 }
 
 // Test the ObjectInfo
@@ -65,11 +52,9 @@ func testObjectInfo(t *testing.T, f *Fs, wrap bool) {
 		path = "_wrap"
 	}
 
-	localFs, cleanupLocalFs := makeTempLocalFs(t)
-	defer cleanupLocalFs()
+	localFs := makeTempLocalFs(t)
 
-	obj, cleanupObj := uploadFile(t, localFs, path, contents)
-	defer cleanupObj()
+	obj := uploadFile(t, localFs, path, contents)
 
 	// encrypt the data
 	inBuf := bytes.NewBufferString(contents)
@@ -83,7 +68,7 @@ func testObjectInfo(t *testing.T, f *Fs, wrap bool) {
 	var oi fs.ObjectInfo = obj
 	if wrap {
 		// wrap the object in an fs.ObjectUnwrapper if required
-		oi = testWrapper{oi}
+		oi = fs.NewOverrideRemote(oi, "new_remote")
 	}
 
 	// wrap the object in a crypt for upload using the nonce we
@@ -91,7 +76,9 @@ func testObjectInfo(t *testing.T, f *Fs, wrap bool) {
 	src := f.newObjectInfo(oi, nonce)
 
 	// Test ObjectInfo methods
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(outBuf.Len()), src.Size())
+	if !f.opt.NoDataEncryption {
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(outBuf.Len()), src.Size())
+	}
 	assert.Equal(t, f, src.Fs())
 	assert.NotEqual(t, path, src.Remote())
 
@@ -114,16 +101,13 @@ func testComputeHash(t *testing.T, f *Fs) {
 		t.Skipf("%v: does not support hashes", f.Fs)
 	}
 
-	localFs, cleanupLocalFs := makeTempLocalFs(t)
-	defer cleanupLocalFs()
+	localFs := makeTempLocalFs(t)
 
 	// Upload a file to localFs as a test object
-	localObj, cleanupLocalObj := uploadFile(t, localFs, path, contents)
-	defer cleanupLocalObj()
+	localObj := uploadFile(t, localFs, path, contents)
 
 	// Upload the same data to the remote Fs also
-	remoteObj, cleanupRemoteObj := uploadFile(t, f, path, contents)
-	defer cleanupRemoteObj()
+	remoteObj := uploadFile(t, f, path, contents)
 
 	// Calculate the expected Hash of the remote object
 	computedHash, err := f.ComputeHash(ctx, remoteObj.(*Object), localObj, hashType)

backend/crypt/crypt_test.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ package crypt_test
 import (
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/crypt"
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 // TestStandard runs integration tests against the remote
-func TestStandard(t *testing.T) {
+func TestStandardBase32(t *testing.T) {
 	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
 		t.Skip("Skipping as -remote set")
 	}
@@ -46,6 +47,51 @@ func TestStandard(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
+		QuickTestOK:                  true,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStandardBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping as -remote set")
+	}
+	tempdir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "rclone-crypt-test-standard")
+	name := "TestCrypt"
+	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName: name + ":",
+		NilObject:  (*crypt.Object)(nil),
+		ExtraConfig: []fstests.ExtraConfigItem{
+			{Name: name, Key: "type", Value: "crypt"},
+			{Name: name, Key: "remote", Value: tempdir},
+			{Name: name, Key: "password", Value: obscure.MustObscure("potato")},
+			{Name: name, Key: "filename_encryption", Value: "standard"},
+			{Name: name, Key: "filename_encoding", Value: "base64"},
+		},
+		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
+		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
+		QuickTestOK:                  true,
+	})
+}
+
+func TestStandardBase32768(t *testing.T) {
+	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping as -remote set")
+	}
+	tempdir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "rclone-crypt-test-standard")
+	name := "TestCrypt"
+	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName: name + ":",
+		NilObject:  (*crypt.Object)(nil),
+		ExtraConfig: []fstests.ExtraConfigItem{
+			{Name: name, Key: "type", Value: "crypt"},
+			{Name: name, Key: "remote", Value: tempdir},
+			{Name: name, Key: "password", Value: obscure.MustObscure("potato")},
+			{Name: name, Key: "filename_encryption", Value: "standard"},
+			{Name: name, Key: "filename_encoding", Value: "base32768"},
+		},
+		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
+		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
+		QuickTestOK:                  true,
 	})
 }
 
@@ -67,6 +113,7 @@ func TestOff(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
+		QuickTestOK:                  true,
 	})
 }
 
@@ -75,6 +122,9 @@ func TestObfuscate(t *testing.T) {
 	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
 		t.Skip("Skipping as -remote set")
 	}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping on macOS as obfuscating control characters makes filenames macOS can't cope with")
+	}
 	tempdir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "rclone-crypt-test-obfuscate")
 	name := "TestCrypt3"
 	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
@@ -89,6 +139,7 @@ func TestObfuscate(t *testing.T) {
 		SkipBadWindowsCharacters:     true,
 		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
+		QuickTestOK:                  true,
 	})
 }
 
@@ -97,6 +148,9 @@ func TestNoDataObfuscate(t *testing.T) {
 	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
 		t.Skip("Skipping as -remote set")
 	}
+	if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
+		t.Skip("Skipping on macOS as obfuscating control characters makes filenames macOS can't cope with")
+	}
 	tempdir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "rclone-crypt-test-obfuscate")
 	name := "TestCrypt4"
 	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
@@ -112,5 +166,6 @@ func TestNoDataObfuscate(t *testing.T) {
 		SkipBadWindowsCharacters:     true,
 		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
+		QuickTestOK:                  true,
 	})
 }

backend/crypt/pkcs7/pkcs7.go

@@ -4,15 +4,15 @@
 // buffers which are a multiple of an underlying crypto block size.
 package pkcs7
 
-import "github.com/pkg/errors"
+import "errors"
 
 // Errors Unpad can return
 var (
-	ErrorPaddingNotFound      = errors.New("Bad PKCS#7 padding - not padded")
-	ErrorPaddingNotAMultiple  = errors.New("Bad PKCS#7 padding - not a multiple of blocksize")
-	ErrorPaddingTooLong       = errors.New("Bad PKCS#7 padding - too long")
-	ErrorPaddingTooShort      = errors.New("Bad PKCS#7 padding - too short")
-	ErrorPaddingNotAllTheSame = errors.New("Bad PKCS#7 padding - not all the same")
+	ErrorPaddingNotFound      = errors.New("bad PKCS#7 padding - not padded")
+	ErrorPaddingNotAMultiple  = errors.New("bad PKCS#7 padding - not a multiple of blocksize")
+	ErrorPaddingTooLong       = errors.New("bad PKCS#7 padding - too long")
+	ErrorPaddingTooShort      = errors.New("bad PKCS#7 padding - too short")
+	ErrorPaddingNotAllTheSame = errors.New("bad PKCS#7 padding - not all the same")
 )
 
 // Pad buf using PKCS#7 to a multiple of n.

backend/drive/drive_internal_test.go

@@ -4,8 +4,9 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"mime"
 	"os"
 	"path"
@@ -14,17 +15,20 @@ import (
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/local"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/filter"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/sync"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/random"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"google.golang.org/api/drive/v3"
+	"google.golang.org/api/googleapi"
 )
 
 func TestDriveScopes(t *testing.T) {
@@ -73,7 +77,7 @@ var additionalMimeTypes = map[string]string{
 // Load the example export formats into exportFormats for testing
 func TestInternalLoadExampleFormats(t *testing.T) {
 	fetchFormatsOnce.Do(func() {})
-	buf, err := ioutil.ReadFile(filepath.FromSlash("test/about.json"))
+	buf, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.FromSlash("test/about.json"))
 	var about struct {
 		ExportFormats map[string][]string `json:"exportFormats,omitempty"`
 		ImportFormats map[string][]string `json:"importFormats,omitempty"`
@@ -187,6 +191,69 @@ func TestExtensionsForImportFormats(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (f *Fs) InternalTestShouldRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	gatewayTimeout := googleapi.Error{
+		Code: 503,
+	}
+	timeoutRetry, timeoutError := f.shouldRetry(ctx, &gatewayTimeout)
+	assert.True(t, timeoutRetry)
+	assert.Equal(t, &gatewayTimeout, timeoutError)
+	generic403 := googleapi.Error{
+		Code: 403,
+	}
+	rLEItem := googleapi.ErrorItem{
+		Reason:  "rateLimitExceeded",
+		Message: "User rate limit exceeded.",
+	}
+	generic403.Errors = append(generic403.Errors, rLEItem)
+	oldStopUpload := f.opt.StopOnUploadLimit
+	oldStopDownload := f.opt.StopOnDownloadLimit
+	f.opt.StopOnUploadLimit = true
+	f.opt.StopOnDownloadLimit = true
+	defer func() {
+		f.opt.StopOnUploadLimit = oldStopUpload
+		f.opt.StopOnDownloadLimit = oldStopDownload
+	}()
+	expectedRLError := fserrors.FatalError(&generic403)
+	rateLimitRetry, rateLimitErr := f.shouldRetry(ctx, &generic403)
+	assert.False(t, rateLimitRetry)
+	assert.Equal(t, rateLimitErr, expectedRLError)
+	dQEItem := googleapi.ErrorItem{
+		Reason: "downloadQuotaExceeded",
+	}
+	generic403.Errors[0] = dQEItem
+	expectedDQError := fserrors.FatalError(&generic403)
+	downloadQuotaRetry, downloadQuotaError := f.shouldRetry(ctx, &generic403)
+	assert.False(t, downloadQuotaRetry)
+	assert.Equal(t, downloadQuotaError, expectedDQError)
+	tDFLEItem := googleapi.ErrorItem{
+		Reason: "teamDriveFileLimitExceeded",
+	}
+	generic403.Errors[0] = tDFLEItem
+	expectedTDFLError := fserrors.FatalError(&generic403)
+	teamDriveFileLimitRetry, teamDriveFileLimitError := f.shouldRetry(ctx, &generic403)
+	assert.False(t, teamDriveFileLimitRetry)
+	assert.Equal(t, teamDriveFileLimitError, expectedTDFLError)
+	qEItem := googleapi.ErrorItem{
+		Reason: "quotaExceeded",
+	}
+	generic403.Errors[0] = qEItem
+	expectedQuotaError := fserrors.FatalError(&generic403)
+	quotaExceededRetry, quotaExceededError := f.shouldRetry(ctx, &generic403)
+	assert.False(t, quotaExceededRetry)
+	assert.Equal(t, quotaExceededError, expectedQuotaError)
+
+	sqEItem := googleapi.ErrorItem{
+		Reason: "storageQuotaExceeded",
+	}
+	generic403.Errors[0] = sqEItem
+	expectedStorageQuotaError := fserrors.FatalError(&generic403)
+	storageQuotaExceededRetry, storageQuotaExceededError := f.shouldRetry(ctx, &generic403)
+	assert.False(t, storageQuotaExceededRetry)
+	assert.Equal(t, storageQuotaExceededError, expectedStorageQuotaError)
+}
+
 func (f *Fs) InternalTestDocumentImport(t *testing.T) {
 	oldAllow := f.opt.AllowImportNameChange
 	f.opt.AllowImportNameChange = true
@@ -375,9 +442,9 @@ func (f *Fs) InternalTestUnTrash(t *testing.T) {
 	// Make some objects, one in a subdir
 	contents := random.String(100)
 	file1 := fstest.NewItem("trashDir/toBeTrashed", contents, time.Now())
-	_, obj1 := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &file1, contents, false)
+	obj1 := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &file1, contents, false)
 	file2 := fstest.NewItem("trashDir/subdir/toBeTrashed", contents, time.Now())
-	_, _ = fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &file2, contents, false)
+	_ = fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &file2, contents, false)
 
 	// Check objects
 	checkObjects := func() {
@@ -419,11 +486,7 @@ func (f *Fs) InternalTestCopyID(t *testing.T) {
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	o := obj.(*Object)
 
-	dir, err := ioutil.TempDir("", "rclone-drive-copyid-test")
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer func() {
-		_ = os.RemoveAll(dir)
-	}()
+	dir := t.TempDir()
 
 	checkFile := func(name string) {
 		filePath := filepath.Join(dir, name)
@@ -461,6 +524,76 @@ func (f *Fs) InternalTestCopyID(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
+// TestIntegration/FsMkdir/FsPutFiles/Internal/AgeQuery
+func (f *Fs) InternalTestAgeQuery(t *testing.T) {
+	// Check set up for filtering
+	assert.True(t, f.Features().FilterAware)
+
+	opt := &filter.Opt{}
+	err := opt.MaxAge.Set("1h")
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	flt, err := filter.NewFilter(opt)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	defCtx := context.Background()
+	fltCtx := filter.ReplaceConfig(defCtx, flt)
+
+	testCtx1 := fltCtx
+	testCtx2 := filter.SetUseFilter(testCtx1, true)
+	testCtx3, testCancel := context.WithCancel(testCtx2)
+	testCtx4 := filter.SetUseFilter(testCtx3, false)
+	testCancel()
+	assert.False(t, filter.GetUseFilter(testCtx1))
+	assert.True(t, filter.GetUseFilter(testCtx2))
+	assert.True(t, filter.GetUseFilter(testCtx3))
+	assert.False(t, filter.GetUseFilter(testCtx4))
+
+	subRemote := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s/%s", f.Name(), f.Root(), "agequery-testdir")
+	subFsResult, err := fs.NewFs(defCtx, subRemote)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	subFs, isDriveFs := subFsResult.(*Fs)
+	require.True(t, isDriveFs)
+
+	tempDir1 := t.TempDir()
+	tempFs1, err := fs.NewFs(defCtx, tempDir1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	tempDir2 := t.TempDir()
+	tempFs2, err := fs.NewFs(defCtx, tempDir2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	file1 := fstest.Item{ModTime: time.Now(), Path: "agequery.txt"}
+	_ = fstests.PutTestContents(defCtx, t, tempFs1, &file1, "abcxyz", true)
+
+	// validate sync/copy
+	const timeQuery = "(modifiedTime >= '"
+
+	assert.NoError(t, sync.CopyDir(defCtx, subFs, tempFs1, false))
+	assert.NotContains(t, subFs.lastQuery, timeQuery)
+
+	assert.NoError(t, sync.CopyDir(fltCtx, subFs, tempFs1, false))
+	assert.Contains(t, subFs.lastQuery, timeQuery)
+
+	assert.NoError(t, sync.CopyDir(fltCtx, tempFs2, subFs, false))
+	assert.Contains(t, subFs.lastQuery, timeQuery)
+
+	assert.NoError(t, sync.CopyDir(defCtx, tempFs2, subFs, false))
+	assert.NotContains(t, subFs.lastQuery, timeQuery)
+
+	// validate list/walk
+	devNull, errOpen := os.OpenFile(os.DevNull, os.O_WRONLY, 0)
+	require.NoError(t, errOpen)
+	defer func() {
+		_ = devNull.Close()
+	}()
+
+	assert.NoError(t, operations.List(defCtx, subFs, devNull))
+	assert.NotContains(t, subFs.lastQuery, timeQuery)
+
+	assert.NoError(t, operations.List(fltCtx, subFs, devNull))
+	assert.Contains(t, subFs.lastQuery, timeQuery)
+}
+
 func (f *Fs) InternalTest(t *testing.T) {
 	// These tests all depend on each other so run them as nested tests
 	t.Run("DocumentImport", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -478,6 +611,8 @@ func (f *Fs) InternalTest(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("Shortcuts", f.InternalTestShortcuts)
 	t.Run("UnTrash", f.InternalTestUnTrash)
 	t.Run("CopyID", f.InternalTestCopyID)
+	t.Run("AgeQuery", f.InternalTestAgeQuery)
+	t.Run("ShouldRetry", f.InternalTestShouldRetry)
 }
 
 var _ fstests.InternalTester = (*Fs)(nil)

backend/dropbox/batcher.go

@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+// This file contains the implementation of the sync batcher for uploads
+//
+// Dropbox rules say you can start as many batches as you want, but
+// you may only have one batch being committed and must wait for the
+// batch to be finished before committing another.
+
+package dropbox
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/v6/dropbox/async"
+	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/v6/dropbox/files"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/atexit"
+)
+
+const (
+	maxBatchSize          = 1000                   // max size the batch can be
+	defaultTimeoutSync    = 500 * time.Millisecond // kick off the batch if nothing added for this long (sync)
+	defaultTimeoutAsync   = 10 * time.Second       // kick off the batch if nothing added for this long (ssync)
+	defaultBatchSizeAsync = 100                    // default batch size if async
+)
+
+// batcher holds info about the current items waiting for upload
+type batcher struct {
+	f        *Fs                 // Fs this batch is part of
+	mode     string              // configured batch mode
+	size     int                 // maximum size for batch
+	timeout  time.Duration       // idle timeout for batch
+	async    bool                // whether we are using async batching
+	in       chan batcherRequest // incoming items to batch
+	closed   chan struct{}       // close to indicate batcher shut down
+	atexit   atexit.FnHandle     // atexit handle
+	shutOnce sync.Once           // make sure we shutdown once only
+	wg       sync.WaitGroup      // wait for shutdown
+}
+
+// batcherRequest holds an incoming request with a place for a reply
+type batcherRequest struct {
+	commitInfo *files.UploadSessionFinishArg
+	result     chan<- batcherResponse
+}
+
+// Return true if batcherRequest is the quit request
+func (br *batcherRequest) isQuit() bool {
+	return br.commitInfo == nil
+}
+
+// Send this to get the engine to quit
+var quitRequest = batcherRequest{}
+
+// batcherResponse holds a response to be delivered to clients waiting
+// for a batch to complete.
+type batcherResponse struct {
+	err   error
+	entry *files.FileMetadata
+}
+
+// newBatcher creates a new batcher structure
+func newBatcher(ctx context.Context, f *Fs, mode string, size int, timeout time.Duration) (*batcher, error) {
+	// fs.Debugf(f, "Creating batcher with mode %q, size %d, timeout %v", mode, size, timeout)
+	if size > maxBatchSize || size < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dropbox: batch size must be < %d and >= 0 - it is currently %d", maxBatchSize, size)
+	}
+
+	async := false
+
+	switch mode {
+	case "sync":
+		if size <= 0 {
+			ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
+			size = ci.Transfers
+		}
+		if timeout <= 0 {
+			timeout = defaultTimeoutSync
+		}
+	case "async":
+		if size <= 0 {
+			size = defaultBatchSizeAsync
+		}
+		if timeout <= 0 {
+			timeout = defaultTimeoutAsync
+		}
+		async = true
+	case "off":
+		size = 0
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dropbox: batch mode must be sync|async|off not %q", mode)
+	}
+
+	b := &batcher{
+		f:       f,
+		mode:    mode,
+		size:    size,
+		timeout: timeout,
+		async:   async,
+		in:      make(chan batcherRequest, size),
+		closed:  make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	if b.Batching() {
+		b.atexit = atexit.Register(b.Shutdown)
+		b.wg.Add(1)
+		go b.commitLoop(context.Background())
+	}
+	return b, nil
+
+}
+
+// Batching returns true if batching is active
+func (b *batcher) Batching() bool {
+	return b.size > 0
+}
+
+// finishBatch commits the batch, returning a batch status to poll or maybe complete
+func (b *batcher) finishBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg) (complete *files.UploadSessionFinishBatchResult, err error) {
+	var arg = &files.UploadSessionFinishBatchArg{
+		Entries: items,
+	}
+	err = b.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		complete, err = b.f.srv.UploadSessionFinishBatchV2(arg)
+		// If error is insufficient space then don't retry
+		if e, ok := err.(files.UploadSessionFinishAPIError); ok {
+			if e.EndpointError != nil && e.EndpointError.Path != nil && e.EndpointError.Path.Tag == files.WriteErrorInsufficientSpace {
+				err = fserrors.NoRetryError(err)
+				return false, err
+			}
+		}
+		// after the first chunk is uploaded, we retry everything
+		return err != nil, err
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("batch commit failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	return complete, nil
+}
+
+// finishBatchJobStatus waits for the batch to complete returning completed entries
+func (b *batcher) finishBatchJobStatus(ctx context.Context, launchBatchStatus *files.UploadSessionFinishBatchLaunch) (complete *files.UploadSessionFinishBatchResult, err error) {
+	if launchBatchStatus.AsyncJobId == "" {
+		return nil, errors.New("wait for batch completion: empty job ID")
+	}
+	var batchStatus *files.UploadSessionFinishBatchJobStatus
+	sleepTime := 100 * time.Millisecond
+	const maxSleepTime = 1 * time.Second
+	startTime := time.Now()
+	try := 1
+	for {
+		remaining := time.Duration(b.f.opt.BatchCommitTimeout) - time.Since(startTime)
+		if remaining < 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		err = b.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+			batchStatus, err = b.f.srv.UploadSessionFinishBatchCheck(&async.PollArg{
+				AsyncJobId: launchBatchStatus.AsyncJobId,
+			})
+			return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			fs.Debugf(b.f, "Wait for batch: sleeping for %v after error: %v: try %d remaining %v", sleepTime, err, try, remaining)
+		} else {
+			if batchStatus.Tag == "complete" {
+				fs.Debugf(b.f, "Upload batch completed in %v", time.Since(startTime))
+				return batchStatus.Complete, nil
+			}
+			fs.Debugf(b.f, "Wait for batch: sleeping for %v after status: %q: try %d remaining %v", sleepTime, batchStatus.Tag, try, remaining)
+		}
+		time.Sleep(sleepTime)
+		sleepTime *= 2
+		if sleepTime > maxSleepTime {
+			sleepTime = maxSleepTime
+		}
+		try++
+	}
+	if err == nil {
+		err = errors.New("batch didn't complete")
+	}
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("wait for batch failed after %d tries in %v: %w", try, time.Since(startTime), err)
+}
+
+// commit a batch
+func (b *batcher) commitBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg, results []chan<- batcherResponse) (err error) {
+	// If commit fails then signal clients if sync
+	var signalled = b.async
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil && signalled {
+			// Signal to clients that there was an error
+			for _, result := range results {
+				result <- batcherResponse{err: err}
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	desc := fmt.Sprintf("%s batch length %d starting with: %s", b.mode, len(items), items[0].Commit.Path)
+	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Committing %s", desc)
+
+	// finalise the batch getting either a result or a job id to poll
+	complete, err := b.finishBatch(ctx, items)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Check we got the right number of entries
+	entries := complete.Entries
+	if len(entries) != len(results) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("expecting %d items in batch but got %d", len(results), len(entries))
+	}
+
+	// Report results to clients
+	var (
+		errorTag   = ""
+		errorCount = 0
+	)
+	for i := range results {
+		item := entries[i]
+		resp := batcherResponse{}
+		if item.Tag == "success" {
+			resp.entry = item.Success
+		} else {
+			errorCount++
+			errorTag = item.Tag
+			if item.Failure != nil {
+				errorTag = item.Failure.Tag
+				if item.Failure.LookupFailed != nil {
+					errorTag += "/" + item.Failure.LookupFailed.Tag
+				}
+				if item.Failure.Path != nil {
+					errorTag += "/" + item.Failure.Path.Tag
+				}
+				if item.Failure.PropertiesError != nil {
+					errorTag += "/" + item.Failure.PropertiesError.Tag
+				}
+			}
+			resp.err = fmt.Errorf("batch upload failed: %s", errorTag)
+		}
+		if !b.async {
+			results[i] <- resp
+		}
+	}
+	// Show signalled so no need to report error to clients from now on
+	signalled = true
+
+	// Report an error if any failed in the batch
+	if errorTag != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("batch had %d errors: last error: %s", errorCount, errorTag)
+	}
+
+	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Committed %s", desc)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// commitLoop runs the commit engine in the background
+func (b *batcher) commitLoop(ctx context.Context) {
+	var (
+		items     []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg // current batch of uncommitted files
+		results   []chan<- batcherResponse        // current batch of clients awaiting results
+		idleTimer = time.NewTimer(b.timeout)
+		commit    = func() {
+			err := b.commitBatch(ctx, items, results)
+			if err != nil {
+				fs.Errorf(b.f, "%s batch commit: failed to commit batch length %d: %v", b.mode, len(items), err)
+			}
+			items, results = nil, nil
+		}
+	)
+	defer b.wg.Done()
+	defer idleTimer.Stop()
+	idleTimer.Stop()
+
+outer:
+	for {
+		select {
+		case req := <-b.in:
+			if req.isQuit() {
+				break outer
+			}
+			items = append(items, req.commitInfo)
+			results = append(results, req.result)
+			idleTimer.Stop()
+			if len(items) >= b.size {
+				commit()
+			} else {
+				idleTimer.Reset(b.timeout)
+			}
+		case <-idleTimer.C:
+			if len(items) > 0 {
+				fs.Debugf(b.f, "Batch idle for %v so committing", b.timeout)
+				commit()
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+	// commit any remaining items
+	if len(items) > 0 {
+		commit()
+	}
+}
+
+// Shutdown finishes any pending batches then shuts everything down
+//
+// Can be called from atexit handler
+func (b *batcher) Shutdown() {
+	if !b.Batching() {
+		return
+	}
+	b.shutOnce.Do(func() {
+		atexit.Unregister(b.atexit)
+		fs.Infof(b.f, "Committing uploads - please wait...")
+		// show that batcher is shutting down
+		close(b.closed)
+		// quit the commitLoop by sending a quitRequest message
+		//
+		// Note that we don't close b.in because that will
+		// cause write to closed channel in Commit when we are
+		// exiting due to a signal.
+		b.in <- quitRequest
+		b.wg.Wait()
+	})
+}
+
+// Commit commits the file using a batch call, first adding it to the
+// batch and then waiting for the batch to complete in a synchronous
+// way if async is not set.
+func (b *batcher) Commit(ctx context.Context, commitInfo *files.UploadSessionFinishArg) (entry *files.FileMetadata, err error) {
+	select {
+	case <-b.closed:
+		return nil, fserrors.FatalError(errors.New("batcher is shutting down"))
+	default:
+	}
+	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Adding %q to batch", commitInfo.Commit.Path)
+	resp := make(chan batcherResponse, 1)
+	b.in <- batcherRequest{
+		commitInfo: commitInfo,
+		result:     resp,
+	}
+	// If running async then don't wait for the result
+	if b.async {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	result := <-resp
+	return result.entry, result.err
+}

backend/dropbox/dropbox.go

@@ -23,23 +23,22 @@ of path_display and all will be well.
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"log"
 	"path"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf8"
 
-	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/dropbox"
-	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/dropbox/auth"
-	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/dropbox/common"
-	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/dropbox/files"
-	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/dropbox/sharing"
-	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/dropbox/team"
-	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/dropbox/users"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
+	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/v6/dropbox"
+	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/v6/dropbox/auth"
+	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/v6/dropbox/common"
+	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/v6/dropbox/files"
+	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/v6/dropbox/sharing"
+	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/v6/dropbox/team"
+	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/v6/dropbox/users"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/dropbox/dbhash"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
@@ -65,9 +64,9 @@ const (
 	// Upload chunk size - setting too small makes uploads slow.
 	// Chunks are buffered into memory for retries.
 	//
-	// Speed vs chunk size uploading a 1 GB file on 2017-11-22
+	// Speed vs chunk size uploading a 1 GiB file on 2017-11-22
 	//
-	// Chunk Size MB, Speed Mbyte/s, % of max
+	// Chunk Size MiB, Speed MiB/s, % of max
 	// 1	1.364	11%
 	// 2	2.443	19%
 	// 4	4.288	33%
@@ -82,11 +81,11 @@ const (
 	// 96	12.302	95%
 	// 128	12.945	100%
 	//
-	// Choose 48MB which is 91% of Maximum speed.  rclone by
-	// default does 4 transfers so this should use 4*48MB = 192MB
+	// Choose 48 MiB which is 91% of Maximum speed.  rclone by
+	// default does 4 transfers so this should use 4*48 MiB = 192 MiB
 	// by default.
-	defaultChunkSize = 48 * fs.MebiByte
-	maxChunkSize     = 150 * fs.MebiByte
+	defaultChunkSize = 48 * fs.Mebi
+	maxChunkSize     = 150 * fs.Mebi
 	// Max length of filename parts: https://help.dropbox.com/installs-integrations/sync-uploads/files-not-syncing
 	maxFileNameLength = 255
 )
@@ -139,32 +138,29 @@ func getOauthConfig(m configmap.Mapper) *oauth2.Config {
 
 // Register with Fs
 func init() {
-	DbHashType = hash.RegisterHash("DropboxHash", 64, dbhash.New)
+	DbHashType = hash.RegisterHash("dropbox", "DropboxHash", 64, dbhash.New)
 	fs.Register(&fs.RegInfo{
 		Name:        "dropbox",
 		Description: "Dropbox",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
-		Config: func(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper) {
-			opt := oauthutil.Options{
-				NoOffline: true,
+		Config: func(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper, config fs.ConfigIn) (*fs.ConfigOut, error) {
+			return oauthutil.ConfigOut("", &oauthutil.Options{
+				OAuth2Config: getOauthConfig(m),
+				NoOffline:    true,
 				OAuth2Opts: []oauth2.AuthCodeOption{
 					oauth2.SetAuthURLParam("token_access_type", "offline"),
 				},
-			}
-			err := oauthutil.Config(ctx, "dropbox", name, m, getOauthConfig(m), &opt)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Fatalf("Failed to configure token: %v", err)
-			}
+			})
 		},
 		Options: append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
 			Name: "chunk_size",
-			Help: fmt.Sprintf(`Upload chunk size. (< %v).
+			Help: fmt.Sprintf(`Upload chunk size (< %v).
 
 Any files larger than this will be uploaded in chunks of this size.
 
 Note that chunks are buffered in memory (one at a time) so rclone can
 deal with retries.  Setting this larger will increase the speed
-slightly (at most 10%% for 128MB in tests) at the cost of using more
+slightly (at most 10%% for 128 MiB in tests) at the cost of using more
 memory.  It can be set smaller if you are tight on memory.`, maxChunkSize),
 			Default:  defaultChunkSize,
 			Advanced: true,
@@ -213,6 +209,68 @@ Note that we don't unmount the shared folder afterwards so the
 shared folder.`,
 			Default:  false,
 			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name: "batch_mode",
+			Help: `Upload file batching sync|async|off.
+
+This sets the batch mode used by rclone.
+
+For full info see [the main docs](https://rclone.org/dropbox/#batch-mode)
+
+This has 3 possible values
+
+- off - no batching
+- sync - batch uploads and check completion (default)
+- async - batch upload and don't check completion
+
+Rclone will close any outstanding batches when it exits which may make
+a delay on quit.
+`,
+			Default:  "sync",
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name: "batch_size",
+			Help: `Max number of files in upload batch.
+
+This sets the batch size of files to upload. It has to be less than 1000.
+
+By default this is 0 which means rclone which calculate the batch size
+depending on the setting of batch_mode.
+
+- batch_mode: async - default batch_size is 100
+- batch_mode: sync - default batch_size is the same as --transfers
+- batch_mode: off - not in use
+
+Rclone will close any outstanding batches when it exits which may make
+a delay on quit.
+
+Setting this is a great idea if you are uploading lots of small files
+as it will make them a lot quicker. You can use --transfers 32 to
+maximise throughput.
+`,
+			Default:  0,
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name: "batch_timeout",
+			Help: `Max time to allow an idle upload batch before uploading.
+
+If an upload batch is idle for more than this long then it will be
+uploaded.
+
+The default for this is 0 which means rclone will choose a sensible
+default based on the batch_mode in use.
+
+- batch_mode: async - default batch_timeout is 500ms
+- batch_mode: sync - default batch_timeout is 10s
+- batch_mode: off - not in use
+`,
+			Default:  fs.Duration(0),
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:     "batch_commit_timeout",
+			Help:     `Max time to wait for a batch to finish committing`,
+			Default:  fs.Duration(10 * time.Minute),
+			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
 			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
@@ -232,11 +290,16 @@ shared folder.`,
 
 // Options defines the configuration for this backend
 type Options struct {
-	ChunkSize     fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"chunk_size"`
-	Impersonate   string               `config:"impersonate"`
-	SharedFiles   bool                 `config:"shared_files"`
-	SharedFolders bool                 `config:"shared_folders"`
-	Enc           encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
+	ChunkSize          fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"chunk_size"`
+	Impersonate        string               `config:"impersonate"`
+	SharedFiles        bool                 `config:"shared_files"`
+	SharedFolders      bool                 `config:"shared_folders"`
+	BatchMode          string               `config:"batch_mode"`
+	BatchSize          int                  `config:"batch_size"`
+	BatchTimeout       fs.Duration          `config:"batch_timeout"`
+	BatchCommitTimeout fs.Duration          `config:"batch_commit_timeout"`
+	AsyncBatch         bool                 `config:"async_batch"`
+	Enc                encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
 }
 
 // Fs represents a remote dropbox server
@@ -255,6 +318,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	slashRootSlash string         // root with "/" prefix and postfix, lowercase
 	pacer          *fs.Pacer      // To pace the API calls
 	ns             string         // The namespace we are using or "" for none
+	batcher        *batcher       // batch builder
 }
 
 // Object describes a dropbox object
@@ -270,8 +334,6 @@ type Object struct {
 	hash    string    // content_hash of the object
 }
 
-// ------------------------------------------------------------
-
 // Name of the remote (as passed into NewFs)
 func (f *Fs) Name() string {
 	return f.name
@@ -301,36 +363,36 @@ func shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, err error) (bool, error) {
 	if err == nil {
 		return false, err
 	}
-	baseErrString := errors.Cause(err).Error()
+	errString := err.Error()
 	// First check for specific errors
-	if strings.Contains(baseErrString, "insufficient_space") {
+	if strings.Contains(errString, "insufficient_space") {
 		return false, fserrors.FatalError(err)
-	} else if strings.Contains(baseErrString, "malformed_path") {
+	} else if strings.Contains(errString, "malformed_path") {
 		return false, fserrors.NoRetryError(err)
 	}
 	// Then handle any official Retry-After header from Dropbox's SDK
 	switch e := err.(type) {
 	case auth.RateLimitAPIError:
 		if e.RateLimitError.RetryAfter > 0 {
-			fs.Logf(baseErrString, "Too many requests or write operations. Trying again in %d seconds.", e.RateLimitError.RetryAfter)
+			fs.Logf(errString, "Too many requests or write operations. Trying again in %d seconds.", e.RateLimitError.RetryAfter)
 			err = pacer.RetryAfterError(err, time.Duration(e.RateLimitError.RetryAfter)*time.Second)
 		}
 		return true, err
 	}
 	// Keep old behavior for backward compatibility
-	if strings.Contains(baseErrString, "too_many_write_operations") || strings.Contains(baseErrString, "too_many_requests") || baseErrString == "" {
+	if strings.Contains(errString, "too_many_write_operations") || strings.Contains(errString, "too_many_requests") || errString == "" {
 		return true, err
 	}
 	return fserrors.ShouldRetry(err), err
 }
 
 func checkUploadChunkSize(cs fs.SizeSuffix) error {
-	const minChunkSize = fs.Byte
+	const minChunkSize = fs.SizeSuffixBase
 	if cs < minChunkSize {
-		return errors.Errorf("%s is less than %s", cs, minChunkSize)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is less than %s", cs, minChunkSize)
 	}
 	if cs > maxChunkSize {
-		return errors.Errorf("%s is greater than %s", cs, maxChunkSize)
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s is greater than %s", cs, maxChunkSize)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -353,7 +415,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	}
 	err = checkUploadChunkSize(opt.ChunkSize)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "dropbox: chunk size")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dropbox: chunk size: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Convert the old token if it exists.  The old token was just
@@ -365,13 +427,13 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		newToken := fmt.Sprintf(`{"access_token":"%s","token_type":"bearer","expiry":"0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}`, oldToken)
 		err := config.SetValueAndSave(name, config.ConfigToken, newToken)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "NewFS convert token")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("NewFS convert token: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 
 	oAuthClient, _, err := oauthutil.NewClient(ctx, name, m, getOauthConfig(m))
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to configure dropbox")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure dropbox: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
@@ -382,6 +444,10 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		ci:    ci,
 		pacer: fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep), pacer.DecayConstant(decayConstant))),
 	}
+	f.batcher, err = newBatcher(ctx, f, f.opt.BatchMode, f.opt.BatchSize, time.Duration(f.opt.BatchTimeout))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	cfg := dropbox.Config{
 		LogLevel:        dropbox.LogOff, // logging in the SDK: LogOff, LogDebug, LogInfo
 		Client:          oAuthClient,    // maybe???
@@ -406,9 +472,11 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		args := team.NewMembersGetInfoArgs(members)
 
 		memberIds, err := f.team.MembersGetInfo(args)
-
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "invalid dropbox team member: %q", opt.Impersonate)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid dropbox team member: %q: %w", opt.Impersonate, err)
+		}
+		if len(memberIds) == 0 || memberIds[0].MemberInfo == nil || memberIds[0].MemberInfo.Profile == nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("dropbox team member not found: %q", opt.Impersonate)
 		}
 
 		cfg.AsMemberID = memberIds[0].MemberInfo.Profile.MemberProfile.TeamMemberId
@@ -485,7 +553,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 			return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "get current account failed")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("get current account failed: %w", err)
 		}
 		switch x := acc.RootInfo.(type) {
 		case *common.TeamRootInfo:
@@ -493,28 +561,30 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		case *common.UserRootInfo:
 			f.ns = x.RootNamespaceId
 		default:
-			return nil, errors.Errorf("unknown RootInfo type %v %T", acc.RootInfo, acc.RootInfo)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown RootInfo type %v %T", acc.RootInfo, acc.RootInfo)
 		}
 		fs.Debugf(f, "Using root namespace %q", f.ns)
 	}
 	f.setRoot(root)
 
 	// See if the root is actually an object
-	_, err = f.getFileMetadata(ctx, f.slashRoot)
-	if err == nil {
-		newRoot := path.Dir(f.root)
-		if newRoot == "." {
-			newRoot = ""
+	if f.root != "" {
+		_, err = f.getFileMetadata(ctx, f.slashRoot)
+		if err == nil {
+			newRoot := path.Dir(f.root)
+			if newRoot == "." {
+				newRoot = ""
+			}
+			f.setRoot(newRoot)
+			// return an error with an fs which points to the parent
+			return f, fs.ErrorIsFile
 		}
-		f.setRoot(newRoot)
-		// return an error with an fs which points to the parent
-		return f, fs.ErrorIsFile
 	}
 	return f, nil
 }
 
 // headerGenerator for dropbox sdk
-func (f *Fs) headerGenerator(hostType string, style string, namespace string, route string) map[string]string {
+func (f *Fs) headerGenerator(hostType string, namespace string, route string) map[string]string {
 	if f.ns == "" {
 		return map[string]string{}
 	}
@@ -564,6 +634,9 @@ func (f *Fs) getFileMetadata(ctx context.Context, filePath string) (fileInfo *fi
 	}
 	fileInfo, ok := entry.(*files.FileMetadata)
 	if !ok {
+		if _, ok = entry.(*files.FolderMetadata); ok {
+			return nil, fs.ErrorIsDir
+		}
 		return nil, fs.ErrorNotAFile
 	}
 	return fileInfo, nil
@@ -641,7 +714,7 @@ func (f *Fs) listSharedFolders(ctx context.Context) (entries fs.DirEntries, err
 				return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 			})
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "list continue")
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("list continue: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 		for _, entry := range res.Entries {
@@ -715,7 +788,7 @@ func (f *Fs) listReceivedFiles(ctx context.Context) (entries fs.DirEntries, err
 				return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 			})
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "list continue")
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("list continue: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 		for _, entry := range res.Entries {
@@ -725,7 +798,7 @@ func (f *Fs) listReceivedFiles(ctx context.Context) (entries fs.DirEntries, err
 				fs:      f,
 				url:     entry.PreviewUrl,
 				remote:  entryPath,
-				modTime: entry.TimeInvited,
+				modTime: *entry.TimeInvited,
 			}
 			if err != nil {
 				return nil, err
@@ -781,6 +854,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 			arg := files.ListFolderArg{
 				Path:      f.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(root),
 				Recursive: false,
+				Limit:     1000,
 			}
 			if root == "/" {
 				arg.Path = "" // Specify root folder as empty string
@@ -808,7 +882,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 				return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 			})
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "list continue")
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("list continue: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 		for _, entry := range res.Entries {
@@ -851,7 +925,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 
 // Put the object
 //
-// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned
+// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned.
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
@@ -920,7 +994,7 @@ func (f *Fs) purgeCheck(ctx context.Context, dir string, check bool) (err error)
 		// check directory exists
 		_, err = f.getDirMetadata(ctx, root)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "Rmdir")
+			return fmt.Errorf("Rmdir: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		root = f.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(root)
@@ -938,7 +1012,7 @@ func (f *Fs) purgeCheck(ctx context.Context, dir string, check bool) (err error)
 			return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "Rmdir")
+			return fmt.Errorf("Rmdir: %w", err)
 		}
 		if len(res.Entries) != 0 {
 			return errors.New("directory not empty")
@@ -970,9 +1044,9 @@ func (f *Fs) Precision() time.Duration {
 
 // Copy src to this remote using server-side copy operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -1004,7 +1078,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "copy failed")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("copy failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Set the metadata
@@ -1014,7 +1088,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 	}
 	err = dstObj.setMetadataFromEntry(fileInfo)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "copy failed")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("copy failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return dstObj, nil
@@ -1031,9 +1105,9 @@ func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) (err error) {
 
 // Move src to this remote using server-side move operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -1065,7 +1139,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Move(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "move failed")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("move failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Set the metadata
@@ -1075,7 +1149,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Move(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 	}
 	err = dstObj.setMetadataFromEntry(fileInfo)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "move failed")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("move failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	return dstObj, nil
 }
@@ -1100,14 +1174,7 @@ func (f *Fs) PublicLink(ctx context.Context, remote string, expire fs.Duration,
 	}
 	if expire < fs.DurationOff {
 		expiryTime := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(expire)).UTC().Round(time.Second)
-		createArg.Settings.Expires = expiryTime
-	}
-	// FIXME note we can't set Settings for non enterprise dropbox
-	// because of https://github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/issues/75
-	// however this only goes wrong when we set Expires, so as a
-	// work-around remove Settings unless expire is set.
-	if expire == fs.DurationOff {
-		createArg.Settings = nil
+		createArg.Settings.Expires = &expiryTime
 	}
 
 	var linkRes sharing.IsSharedLinkMetadata
@@ -1132,7 +1199,7 @@ func (f *Fs) PublicLink(ctx context.Context, remote string, expire fs.Duration,
 			return
 		}
 		if len(listRes.Links) == 0 {
-			err = errors.New("Dropbox says the sharing link already exists, but list came back empty")
+			err = errors.New("sharing link already exists, but list came back empty")
 			return
 		}
 		linkRes = listRes.Links[0]
@@ -1144,7 +1211,7 @@ func (f *Fs) PublicLink(ctx context.Context, remote string, expire fs.Duration,
 		case *sharing.FolderLinkMetadata:
 			link = res.Url
 		default:
-			err = fmt.Errorf("Don't know how to extract link, response has unknown format: %T", res)
+			err = fmt.Errorf("don't know how to extract link, response has unknown format: %T", res)
 		}
 	}
 	return
@@ -1190,7 +1257,7 @@ func (f *Fs) DirMove(ctx context.Context, src fs.Fs, srcRemote, dstRemote string
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "MoveDir failed")
+		return fmt.Errorf("MoveDir failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return nil
@@ -1204,7 +1271,7 @@ func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (usage *fs.Usage, err error) {
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "about failed")
+		return nil, err
 	}
 	var total uint64
 	if q.Allocation != nil {
@@ -1305,10 +1372,12 @@ func (f *Fs) changeNotifyRunner(ctx context.Context, notifyFunc func(string, fs.
 
 	if timeout < 30 {
 		timeout = 30
+		fs.Debugf(f, "Increasing poll interval to minimum 30s")
 	}
 
 	if timeout > 480 {
 		timeout = 480
+		fs.Debugf(f, "Decreasing poll interval to maximum 480s")
 	}
 
 	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
@@ -1344,7 +1413,7 @@ func (f *Fs) changeNotifyRunner(ctx context.Context, notifyFunc func(string, fs.
 			return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", errors.Wrap(err, "list continue")
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("list continue: %w", err)
 		}
 		cursor = changeList.Cursor
 		var entryType fs.EntryType
@@ -1366,7 +1435,7 @@ func (f *Fs) changeNotifyRunner(ctx context.Context, notifyFunc func(string, fs.
 			}
 
 			if entryPath != "" {
-				notifyFunc(entryPath, entryType)
+				notifyFunc(f.opt.Enc.ToStandardPath(entryPath), entryType)
 			}
 		}
 		if !changeList.HasMore {
@@ -1381,6 +1450,13 @@ func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set {
 	return hash.Set(DbHashType)
 }
 
+// Shutdown the backend, closing any background tasks and any
+// cached connections.
+func (f *Fs) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
+	f.batcher.Shutdown()
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ------------------------------------------------------------
 
 // Fs returns the parent Fs
@@ -1416,7 +1492,7 @@ func (o *Object) Hash(ctx context.Context, t hash.Type) (string, error) {
 	}
 	err := o.readMetaData(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "failed to read hash from metadata")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to read hash from metadata: %w", err)
 	}
 	return o.hash, nil
 }
@@ -1540,97 +1616,110 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 
 // uploadChunked uploads the object in parts
 //
-// Will work optimally if size is >= uploadChunkSize. If the size is either
-// unknown (i.e. -1) or smaller than uploadChunkSize, the method incurs an
-// avoidable request to the Dropbox API that does not carry payload.
+// Will introduce two additional network requests to start and finish the session.
+// If the size is unknown (i.e. -1) the method incurs one additional
+// request to the Dropbox API that does not carry a payload to close the append session.
 func (o *Object) uploadChunked(ctx context.Context, in0 io.Reader, commitInfo *files.CommitInfo, size int64) (entry *files.FileMetadata, err error) {
-	chunkSize := int64(o.fs.opt.ChunkSize)
-	chunks := 0
-	if size != -1 {
-		chunks = int(size/chunkSize) + 1
-	}
-	in := readers.NewCountingReader(in0)
-	buf := make([]byte, int(chunkSize))
-
-	fmtChunk := func(cur int, last bool) {
-		if chunks == 0 && last {
-			fs.Debugf(o, "Streaming chunk %d/%d", cur, cur)
-		} else if chunks == 0 {
-			fs.Debugf(o, "Streaming chunk %d/unknown", cur)
-		} else {
-			fs.Debugf(o, "Uploading chunk %d/%d", cur, chunks)
-		}
-	}
-
-	// write the first chunk
-	fmtChunk(1, false)
+	// start upload
 	var res *files.UploadSessionStartResult
-	chunk := readers.NewRepeatableLimitReaderBuffer(in, buf, chunkSize)
 	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		// seek to the start in case this is a retry
-		if _, err = chunk.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		res, err = o.fs.srv.UploadSessionStart(&files.UploadSessionStartArg{}, chunk)
+		res, err = o.fs.srv.UploadSessionStart(&files.UploadSessionStartArg{}, nil)
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
+	chunkSize := int64(o.fs.opt.ChunkSize)
+	chunks, remainder := size/chunkSize, size%chunkSize
+	if remainder > 0 {
+		chunks++
+	}
+
+	// write chunks
+	in := readers.NewCountingReader(in0)
+	buf := make([]byte, int(chunkSize))
 	cursor := files.UploadSessionCursor{
 		SessionId: res.SessionId,
 		Offset:    0,
 	}
-	appendArg := files.UploadSessionAppendArg{
-		Cursor: &cursor,
-		Close:  false,
-	}
-
-	// write more whole chunks (if any)
-	currentChunk := 2
-	for {
-		if chunks > 0 && currentChunk >= chunks {
-			// if the size is known, only upload full chunks. Remaining bytes are uploaded with
-			// the UploadSessionFinish request.
-			break
-		} else if chunks == 0 && in.BytesRead()-cursor.Offset < uint64(chunkSize) {
-			// if the size is unknown, upload as long as we can read full chunks from the reader.
-			// The UploadSessionFinish request will not contain any payload.
-			break
-		}
+	appendArg := files.UploadSessionAppendArg{Cursor: &cursor}
+	for currentChunk := 1; ; currentChunk++ {
 		cursor.Offset = in.BytesRead()
-		fmtChunk(currentChunk, false)
-		chunk = readers.NewRepeatableLimitReaderBuffer(in, buf, chunkSize)
+
+		if chunks < 0 {
+			fs.Debugf(o, "Streaming chunk %d/unknown", currentChunk)
+		} else {
+			fs.Debugf(o, "Uploading chunk %d/%d", currentChunk, chunks)
+		}
+
+		chunk := readers.NewRepeatableLimitReaderBuffer(in, buf, chunkSize)
+		skip := int64(0)
 		err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
 			// seek to the start in case this is a retry
-			if _, err = chunk.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
-				return false, nil
+			if _, err = chunk.Seek(skip, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+				return false, err
 			}
 			err = o.fs.srv.UploadSessionAppendV2(&appendArg, chunk)
-			// after the first chunk is uploaded, we retry everything
+			// after session is started, we retry everything
+			if err != nil {
+				// Check for incorrect offset error and retry with new offset
+				if uErr, ok := err.(files.UploadSessionAppendV2APIError); ok {
+					if uErr.EndpointError != nil && uErr.EndpointError.IncorrectOffset != nil {
+						correctOffset := uErr.EndpointError.IncorrectOffset.CorrectOffset
+						delta := int64(correctOffset) - int64(cursor.Offset)
+						skip += delta
+						what := fmt.Sprintf("incorrect offset error received: sent %d, need %d, skip %d", cursor.Offset, correctOffset, skip)
+						if skip < 0 {
+							return false, fmt.Errorf("can't seek backwards to correct offset: %s", what)
+						} else if skip == chunkSize {
+							fs.Debugf(o, "%s: chunk received OK - continuing", what)
+							return false, nil
+						} else if skip > chunkSize {
+							// This error should never happen
+							return false, fmt.Errorf("can't seek forwards by more than a chunk to correct offset: %s", what)
+						}
+						// Skip the sent data on next retry
+						cursor.Offset = uint64(int64(cursor.Offset) + delta)
+						fs.Debugf(o, "%s: skipping bytes on retry to fix offset", what)
+					}
+				}
+			}
 			return err != nil, err
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		currentChunk++
+		if appendArg.Close {
+			break
+		}
+
+		if size > 0 {
+			// if size is known, check if next chunk is final
+			appendArg.Close = uint64(size)-in.BytesRead() <= uint64(chunkSize)
+			if in.BytesRead() > uint64(size) {
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("expected %d bytes in input, but have read %d so far", size, in.BytesRead())
+			}
+		} else {
+			// if size is unknown, upload as long as we can read full chunks from the reader
+			appendArg.Close = in.BytesRead()-cursor.Offset < uint64(chunkSize)
+		}
 	}
 
-	// write the remains
+	// finish upload
 	cursor.Offset = in.BytesRead()
 	args := &files.UploadSessionFinishArg{
 		Cursor: &cursor,
 		Commit: commitInfo,
 	}
-	fmtChunk(currentChunk, true)
-	chunk = readers.NewRepeatableReaderBuffer(in, buf)
+	// If we are batching then we should have written all the data now
+	// store the commit info now for a batch commit
+	if o.fs.batcher.Batching() {
+		return o.fs.batcher.Commit(ctx, args)
+	}
+
 	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		// seek to the start in case this is a retry
-		if _, err = chunk.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		entry, err = o.fs.srv.UploadSessionFinish(args, chunk)
+		entry, err = o.fs.srv.UploadSessionFinish(args, nil)
 		// If error is insufficient space then don't retry
 		if e, ok := err.(files.UploadSessionFinishAPIError); ok {
 			if e.EndpointError != nil && e.EndpointError.Path != nil && e.EndpointError.Path.Tag == files.WriteErrorInsufficientSpace {
@@ -1674,7 +1763,7 @@ func checkPathLength(name string) (err error) {
 
 // Update the already existing object
 //
-// Copy the reader into the object updating modTime and size
+// Copy the reader into the object updating modTime and size.
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) error {
@@ -1683,12 +1772,13 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	}
 	remote := o.remotePath()
 	if ignoredFiles.MatchString(remote) {
-		return fserrors.NoRetryError(errors.Errorf("file name %q is disallowed - not uploading", path.Base(remote)))
+		return fserrors.NoRetryError(fmt.Errorf("file name %q is disallowed - not uploading", path.Base(remote)))
 	}
 	commitInfo := files.NewCommitInfo(o.fs.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(o.remotePath()))
 	commitInfo.Mode.Tag = "overwrite"
 	// The Dropbox API only accepts timestamps in UTC with second precision.
-	commitInfo.ClientModified = src.ModTime(ctx).UTC().Round(time.Second)
+	clientModified := src.ModTime(ctx).UTC().Round(time.Second)
+	commitInfo.ClientModified = &clientModified
 	// Don't attempt to create filenames that are too long
 	if cErr := checkPathLength(commitInfo.Path); cErr != nil {
 		return cErr
@@ -1697,16 +1787,25 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	size := src.Size()
 	var err error
 	var entry *files.FileMetadata
-	if size > int64(o.fs.opt.ChunkSize) || size == -1 {
+	if size > int64(o.fs.opt.ChunkSize) || size < 0 || o.fs.batcher.Batching() {
 		entry, err = o.uploadChunked(ctx, in, commitInfo, size)
 	} else {
 		err = o.fs.pacer.CallNoRetry(func() (bool, error) {
-			entry, err = o.fs.srv.Upload(commitInfo, in)
+			entry, err = o.fs.srv.Upload(&files.UploadArg{CommitInfo: *commitInfo}, in)
 			return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 		})
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "upload failed")
+		return fmt.Errorf("upload failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	// If we haven't received data back from batch upload then fake it
+	//
+	// This will only happen if we are uploading async batches
+	if entry == nil {
+		o.bytes = size
+		o.modTime = *commitInfo.ClientModified
+		o.hash = "" // we don't have this
+		return nil
 	}
 	return o.setMetadataFromEntry(entry)
 }
@@ -1735,6 +1834,7 @@ var (
 	_ fs.PublicLinker = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.DirMover     = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.Abouter      = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Shutdowner   = &Fs{}
 	_ fs.Object       = (*Object)(nil)
 	_ fs.IDer         = (*Object)(nil)
 )

backend/fichier/api.go

@@ -2,14 +2,16 @@ package fichier
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest"
@@ -26,25 +28,44 @@ var retryErrorCodes = []int{
 	509, // Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
 }
 
+var errorRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`#\d{1,3}`)
+
+func parseFichierError(err error) int {
+	matches := errorRegex.FindStringSubmatch(err.Error())
+	if len(matches) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	code, err := strconv.Atoi(matches[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		fs.Debugf(nil, "failed parsing fichier error: %v", err)
+		return 0
+	}
+	return code
+}
+
 // shouldRetry returns a boolean as to whether this resp and err
 // deserve to be retried.  It returns the err as a convenience
 func shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, err error) (bool, error) {
 	if fserrors.ContextError(ctx, &err) {
 		return false, err
 	}
-	// Detect this error which the integration tests provoke
-	// error HTTP error 403 (403 Forbidden) returned body: "{\"message\":\"Flood detected: IP Locked #374\",\"status\":\"KO\"}"
+	// 1Fichier uses HTTP error code 403 (Forbidden) for all kinds of errors with
+	// responses looking like this: "{\"message\":\"Flood detected: IP Locked #374\",\"status\":\"KO\"}"
 	//
-	// https://1fichier.com/api.html
-	//
-	// file/ls.cgi is limited :
-	//
-	// Warning (can be changed in case of abuses) :
-	// List all files of the account is limited to 1 request per hour.
-	// List folders is limited to 5 000 results and 1 request per folder per 30s.
-	if err != nil && strings.Contains(err.Error(), "Flood detected") {
-		fs.Debugf(nil, "Sleeping for 30 seconds due to: %v", err)
-		time.Sleep(30 * time.Second)
+	// We attempt to parse the actual 1Fichier error code from this body and handle it accordingly
+	// Most importantly #374 (Flood detected: IP locked) which the integration tests provoke
+	// The list below is far from complete and should be expanded if we see any more error codes.
+	if err != nil {
+		switch parseFichierError(err) {
+		case 93:
+			return false, err // No such user
+		case 186:
+			return false, err // IP blocked?
+		case 374:
+			fs.Debugf(nil, "Sleeping for 30 seconds due to: %v", err)
+			time.Sleep(30 * time.Second)
+		default:
+		}
 	}
 	return fserrors.ShouldRetry(err) || fserrors.ShouldRetryHTTP(resp, retryErrorCodes), err
 }
@@ -80,16 +101,22 @@ func (f *Fs) readFileInfo(ctx context.Context, url string) (*File, error) {
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't read file info")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't read file info: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return &file, err
 }
 
+// maybe do some actual validation later if necessary
+func validToken(token *GetTokenResponse) bool {
+	return token.Status == "OK"
+}
+
 func (f *Fs) getDownloadToken(ctx context.Context, url string) (*GetTokenResponse, error) {
 	request := DownloadRequest{
 		URL:    url,
 		Single: 1,
+		Pass:   f.opt.FilePassword,
 	}
 	opts := rest.Opts{
 		Method: "POST",
@@ -99,10 +126,11 @@ func (f *Fs) getDownloadToken(ctx context.Context, url string) (*GetTokenRespons
 	var token GetTokenResponse
 	err := f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
 		resp, err := f.rest.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, &request, &token)
-		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+		doretry, err := shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+		return doretry || !validToken(&token), err
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't list files")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't list files: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return &token, nil
@@ -118,10 +146,16 @@ func fileFromSharedFile(file *SharedFile) File {
 
 func (f *Fs) listSharedFiles(ctx context.Context, id string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
 	opts := rest.Opts{
-		Method:     "GET",
-		RootURL:    "https://1fichier.com/dir/",
-		Path:       id,
-		Parameters: map[string][]string{"json": {"1"}},
+		Method:      "GET",
+		RootURL:     "https://1fichier.com/dir/",
+		Path:        id,
+		Parameters:  map[string][]string{"json": {"1"}},
+		ContentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
+	}
+	if f.opt.FolderPassword != "" {
+		opts.Method = "POST"
+		opts.Parameters = nil
+		opts.Body = strings.NewReader("json=1&pass=" + url.QueryEscape(f.opt.FolderPassword))
 	}
 
 	var sharedFiles SharedFolderResponse
@@ -130,7 +164,7 @@ func (f *Fs) listSharedFiles(ctx context.Context, id string) (entries fs.DirEntr
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't list files")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't list files: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	entries = make([]fs.DirEntry, len(sharedFiles))
@@ -159,7 +193,7 @@ func (f *Fs) listFiles(ctx context.Context, directoryID int) (filesList *FilesLi
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't list files")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't list files: %w", err)
 	}
 	for i := range filesList.Items {
 		item := &filesList.Items[i]
@@ -187,7 +221,7 @@ func (f *Fs) listFolders(ctx context.Context, directoryID int) (foldersList *Fol
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't list folders")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't list folders: %w", err)
 	}
 	foldersList.Name = f.opt.Enc.ToStandardName(foldersList.Name)
 	for i := range foldersList.SubFolders {
@@ -281,7 +315,7 @@ func (f *Fs) makeFolder(ctx context.Context, leaf string, folderID int) (respons
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't create folder")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't create folder: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// fs.Debugf(f, "Created Folder `%s` in id `%s`", name, directoryID)
@@ -308,10 +342,10 @@ func (f *Fs) removeFolder(ctx context.Context, name string, folderID int) (respo
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't remove folder")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't remove folder: %w", err)
 	}
 	if response.Status != "OK" {
-		return nil, errors.New("Can't remove non-empty dir")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't remove folder: %s", response.Message)
 	}
 
 	// fs.Debugf(f, "Removed Folder with id `%s`", directoryID)
@@ -338,7 +372,7 @@ func (f *Fs) deleteFile(ctx context.Context, url string) (response *GenericOKRes
 	})
 
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't remove file")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't remove file: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// fs.Debugf(f, "Removed file with url `%s`", url)
@@ -365,7 +399,7 @@ func (f *Fs) moveFile(ctx context.Context, url string, folderID int, rename stri
 	})
 
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't copy file")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't copy file: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return response, nil
@@ -390,7 +424,35 @@ func (f *Fs) copyFile(ctx context.Context, url string, folderID int, rename stri
 	})
 
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't copy file")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't copy file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return response, nil
+}
+
+func (f *Fs) renameFile(ctx context.Context, url string, newName string) (response *RenameFileResponse, err error) {
+	request := &RenameFileRequest{
+		URLs: []RenameFileURL{
+			{
+				URL:      url,
+				Filename: newName,
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method: "POST",
+		Path:   "/file/rename.cgi",
+	}
+
+	response = &RenameFileResponse{}
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		resp, err := f.rest.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, request, response)
+		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't rename file: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return response, nil
@@ -411,7 +473,7 @@ func (f *Fs) getUploadNode(ctx context.Context) (response *GetUploadNodeResponse
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "didnt got an upload node")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("didnt got an upload node: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// fs.Debugf(f, "Got Upload node")
@@ -425,7 +487,7 @@ func (f *Fs) uploadFile(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, size int64, fileName,
 	fileName = f.opt.Enc.FromStandardName(fileName)
 
 	if len(uploadID) > 10 || !isAlphaNumeric(uploadID) {
-		return nil, errors.New("Invalid UploadID")
+		return nil, errors.New("invalid UploadID")
 	}
 
 	opts := rest.Opts{
@@ -455,7 +517,7 @@ func (f *Fs) uploadFile(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, size int64, fileName,
 	})
 
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't upload file")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't upload file: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// fs.Debugf(f, "Uploaded File `%s`", fileName)
@@ -467,7 +529,7 @@ func (f *Fs) endUpload(ctx context.Context, uploadID string, nodeurl string) (re
 	// fs.Debugf(f, "Ending File Upload `%s`", uploadID)
 
 	if len(uploadID) > 10 || !isAlphaNumeric(uploadID) {
-		return nil, errors.New("Invalid UploadID")
+		return nil, errors.New("invalid UploadID")
 	}
 
 	opts := rest.Opts{
@@ -489,7 +551,7 @@ func (f *Fs) endUpload(ctx context.Context, uploadID string, nodeurl string) (re
 	})
 
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't finish file upload")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't finish file upload: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	return response, err

backend/fichier/fichier.go

@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
+// Package fichier provides an interface to the 1Fichier storage system.
 package fichier
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
@@ -9,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
@@ -35,17 +36,24 @@ func init() {
 	fs.Register(&fs.RegInfo{
 		Name:        "fichier",
 		Description: "1Fichier",
-		Config: func(ctx context.Context, name string, config configmap.Mapper) {
-		},
-		NewFs: NewFs,
+		NewFs:       NewFs,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
-			Help: "Your API Key, get it from https://1fichier.com/console/params.pl",
+			Help: "Your API Key, get it from https://1fichier.com/console/params.pl.",
 			Name: "api_key",
 		}, {
-			Help:     "If you want to download a shared folder, add this parameter",
+			Help:     "If you want to download a shared folder, add this parameter.",
 			Name:     "shared_folder",
-			Required: false,
 			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Help:       "If you want to download a shared file that is password protected, add this parameter.",
+			Name:       "file_password",
+			Advanced:   true,
+			IsPassword: true,
+		}, {
+			Help:       "If you want to list the files in a shared folder that is password protected, add this parameter.",
+			Name:       "folder_password",
+			Advanced:   true,
+			IsPassword: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
 			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
@@ -77,9 +85,11 @@ func init() {
 
 // Options defines the configuration for this backend
 type Options struct {
-	APIKey       string               `config:"api_key"`
-	SharedFolder string               `config:"shared_folder"`
-	Enc          encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
+	APIKey         string               `config:"api_key"`
+	SharedFolder   string               `config:"shared_folder"`
+	FilePassword   string               `config:"file_password"`
+	FolderPassword string               `config:"folder_password"`
+	Enc            encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
 }
 
 // Fs is the interface a cloud storage system must provide
@@ -285,7 +295,7 @@ func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
 			path, ok := f.dirCache.GetInv(directoryID)
 
 			if !ok {
-				return nil, errors.New("Cannot find dir in dircache")
+				return nil, errors.New("cannot find dir in dircache")
 			}
 
 			return f.newObjectFromFile(ctx, path, file), nil
@@ -425,25 +435,45 @@ func (f *Fs) Move(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 		return nil, fs.ErrorCantMove
 	}
 
+	// Find current directory ID
+	_, currentDirectoryID, err := f.dirCache.FindPath(ctx, remote, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	// Create temporary object
 	dstObj, leaf, directoryID, err := f.createObject(ctx, remote)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	folderID, err := strconv.Atoi(directoryID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	resp, err := f.moveFile(ctx, srcObj.file.URL, folderID, leaf)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't move file")
-	}
-	if resp.Status != "OK" {
-		return nil, errors.New("couldn't move file")
+	// If it is in the correct directory, just rename it
+	var url string
+	if currentDirectoryID == directoryID {
+		resp, err := f.renameFile(ctx, srcObj.file.URL, leaf)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't rename file: %w", err)
+		}
+		if resp.Status != "OK" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't rename file: %s", resp.Message)
+		}
+		url = resp.URLs[0].URL
+	} else {
+		folderID, err := strconv.Atoi(directoryID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		resp, err := f.moveFile(ctx, srcObj.file.URL, folderID, leaf)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't move file: %w", err)
+		}
+		if resp.Status != "OK" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't move file: %s", resp.Message)
+		}
+		url = resp.URLs[0]
 	}
 
-	file, err := f.readFileInfo(ctx, resp.URLs[0])
+	file, err := f.readFileInfo(ctx, url)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, errors.New("couldn't read file data")
 	}
@@ -471,10 +501,10 @@ func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 	}
 	resp, err := f.copyFile(ctx, srcObj.file.URL, folderID, leaf)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't move file")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't move file: %w", err)
 	}
 	if resp.Status != "OK" {
-		return nil, errors.New("couldn't move file")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't move file: %s", resp.Message)
 	}
 
 	file, err := f.readFileInfo(ctx, resp.URLs[0].ToURL)
@@ -485,6 +515,32 @@ func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 	return dstObj, nil
 }
 
+// About gets quota information
+func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (usage *fs.Usage, err error) {
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method:      "POST",
+		Path:        "/user/info.cgi",
+		ContentType: "application/json",
+	}
+	var accountInfo AccountInfo
+	var resp *http.Response
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		resp, err = f.rest.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &accountInfo)
+		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read user info: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// FIXME max upload size would be useful to use in Update
+	usage = &fs.Usage{
+		Used:  fs.NewUsageValue(accountInfo.ColdStorage),                                    // bytes in use
+		Total: fs.NewUsageValue(accountInfo.AvailableColdStorage),                           // bytes total
+		Free:  fs.NewUsageValue(accountInfo.AvailableColdStorage - accountInfo.ColdStorage), // bytes free
+	}
+	return usage, nil
+}
+
 // PublicLink adds a "readable by anyone with link" permission on the given file or folder.
 func (f *Fs) PublicLink(ctx context.Context, remote string, expire fs.Duration, unlink bool) (string, error) {
 	o, err := f.NewObject(ctx, remote)

backend/fichier/object.go

@@ -2,11 +2,12 @@ package fichier
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest"
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	// Delete duplicate after successful upload
 	err = o.Remove(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to remove old version")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove old version: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Replace guts of old object with new one

backend/fichier/structs.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ type ListFilesRequest struct {
 type DownloadRequest struct {
 	URL    string `json:"url"`
 	Single int    `json:"single"`
+	Pass   string `json:"pass,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // RemoveFolderRequest is the request structure of the corresponding request
@@ -63,8 +64,9 @@ type MoveFileRequest struct {
 
 // MoveFileResponse is the response structure of the corresponding request
 type MoveFileResponse struct {
-	Status string   `json:"status"`
-	URLs   []string `json:"urls"`
+	Status  string   `json:"status"`
+	Message string   `json:"message"`
+	URLs    []string `json:"urls"`
 }
 
 // CopyFileRequest is the request structure of the corresponding request
@@ -76,17 +78,42 @@ type CopyFileRequest struct {
 
 // CopyFileResponse is the response structure of the corresponding request
 type CopyFileResponse struct {
-	Status string     `json:"status"`
-	Copied int        `json:"copied"`
-	URLs   []FileCopy `json:"urls"`
+	Status  string     `json:"status"`
+	Message string     `json:"message"`
+	Copied  int        `json:"copied"`
+	URLs    []FileCopy `json:"urls"`
 }
 
-// FileCopy is used in the the CopyFileResponse
+// FileCopy is used in the CopyFileResponse
 type FileCopy struct {
 	FromURL string `json:"from_url"`
 	ToURL   string `json:"to_url"`
 }
 
+// RenameFileURL is the data structure to rename a single file
+type RenameFileURL struct {
+	URL      string `json:"url"`
+	Filename string `json:"filename"`
+}
+
+// RenameFileRequest is the request structure of the corresponding request
+type RenameFileRequest struct {
+	URLs   []RenameFileURL `json:"urls"`
+	Pretty int             `json:"pretty"`
+}
+
+// RenameFileResponse is the response structure of the corresponding request
+type RenameFileResponse struct {
+	Status  string `json:"status"`
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+	Renamed int    `json:"renamed"`
+	URLs    []struct {
+		URL         string `json:"url"`
+		OldFilename string `json:"old_filename"`
+		NewFilename string `json:"new_filename"`
+	} `json:"urls"`
+}
+
 // GetUploadNodeResponse is the response structure of the corresponding request
 type GetUploadNodeResponse struct {
 	ID  string `json:"id"`
@@ -155,3 +182,34 @@ type FoldersList struct {
 	Status     string   `json:"Status"`
 	SubFolders []Folder `json:"sub_folders"`
 }
+
+// AccountInfo is the structure how 1Fichier returns user info
+type AccountInfo struct {
+	StatsDate               string `json:"stats_date"`
+	MailRM                  string `json:"mail_rm"`
+	DefaultQuota            int64  `json:"default_quota"`
+	UploadForbidden         string `json:"upload_forbidden"`
+	PageLimit               int    `json:"page_limit"`
+	ColdStorage             int64  `json:"cold_storage"`
+	Status                  string `json:"status"`
+	UseCDN                  string `json:"use_cdn"`
+	AvailableColdStorage    int64  `json:"available_cold_storage"`
+	DefaultPort             string `json:"default_port"`
+	DefaultDomain           int    `json:"default_domain"`
+	Email                   string `json:"email"`
+	DownloadMenu            string `json:"download_menu"`
+	FTPDID                  int    `json:"ftp_did"`
+	DefaultPortFiles        string `json:"default_port_files"`
+	FTPReport               string `json:"ftp_report"`
+	OverQuota               int64  `json:"overquota"`
+	AvailableStorage        int64  `json:"available_storage"`
+	CDN                     string `json:"cdn"`
+	Offer                   string `json:"offer"`
+	SubscriptionEnd         string `json:"subscription_end"`
+	TFA                     string `json:"2fa"`
+	AllowedColdStorage      int64  `json:"allowed_cold_storage"`
+	HotStorage              int64  `json:"hot_storage"`
+	DefaultColdStorageQuota int64  `json:"default_cold_storage_quota"`
+	FTPMode                 string `json:"ftp_mode"`
+	RUReport                string `json:"ru_report"`
+}

backend/filefabric/api/types.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ package api
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"reflect"
 	"strings"
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ const (
 	timeFormatJSON = `"` + timeFormatParameters + `"`
 )
 
-// Time represents represents date and time information for the
+// Time represents date and time information for the
 // filefabric API
 type Time time.Time
 
@@ -51,15 +52,50 @@ func (t Time) String() string {
 	return time.Time(t).UTC().Format(timeFormatParameters)
 }
 
+// Int represents an integer which can be represented in JSON as a
+// quoted integer or an integer.
+type Int int
+
+// MarshalJSON turns a Int into JSON
+func (i *Int) MarshalJSON() (out []byte, err error) {
+	return json.Marshal((*int)(i))
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON turns JSON into a Int
+func (i *Int) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	if len(data) >= 2 && data[0] == '"' && data[len(data)-1] == '"' {
+		data = data[1 : len(data)-1]
+	}
+	return json.Unmarshal(data, (*int)(i))
+}
+
+// String represents an string which can be represented in JSON as a
+// quoted string or an integer.
+type String string
+
+// MarshalJSON turns a String into JSON
+func (s *String) MarshalJSON() (out []byte, err error) {
+	return json.Marshal((*string)(s))
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON turns JSON into a String
+func (s *String) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	err := json.Unmarshal(data, (*string)(s))
+	if err != nil {
+		*s = String(data)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 // Status return returned in all status responses
 type Status struct {
 	Code    string `json:"status"`
 	Message string `json:"statusmessage"`
-	TaskID  string `json:"taskid"`
+	TaskID  String `json:"taskid"`
 	// Warning string `json:"warning"` // obsolete
 }
 
-// Status statisfies the error interface
+// Status satisfies the error interface
 func (e *Status) Error() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", e.Message, e.Code)
 }
@@ -115,7 +151,7 @@ type GetFolderContentsResponse struct {
 	Total  int    `json:"total,string"`
 	Items  []Item `json:"filelist"`
 	Folder Item   `json:"folder"`
-	From   int    `json:"from,string"`
+	From   Int    `json:"from"`
 	//Count         int    `json:"count"`
 	Pid           string `json:"pid"`
 	RefreshResult Status `json:"refreshresult"`

backend/filefabric/filefabric.go

@@ -17,9 +17,9 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"path"
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/random"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/filefabric/api"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ func init() {
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "url",
-			Help:     "URL of the Enterprise File Fabric to connect to",
+			Help:     "URL of the Enterprise File Fabric to connect to.",
 			Required: true,
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
 				Value: "https://storagemadeeasy.com",
@@ -79,14 +78,15 @@ func init() {
 			}},
 		}, {
 			Name: "root_folder_id",
-			Help: `ID of the root folder
+			Help: `ID of the root folder.
+
 Leave blank normally.
 
 Fill in to make rclone start with directory of a given ID.
 `,
 		}, {
 			Name: "permanent_token",
-			Help: `Permanent Authentication Token
+			Help: `Permanent Authentication Token.
 
 A Permanent Authentication Token can be created in the Enterprise File
 Fabric, on the users Dashboard under Security, there is an entry
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ For more info see: https://docs.storagemadeeasy.com/organisationcloud/api-tokens
 `,
 		}, {
 			Name: "token",
-			Help: `Session Token
+			Help: `Session Token.
 
 This is a session token which rclone caches in the config file. It is
 usually valid for 1 hour.
@@ -109,14 +109,14 @@ Don't set this value - rclone will set it automatically.
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "token_expiry",
-			Help: `Token expiry time
+			Help: `Token expiry time.
 
 Don't set this value - rclone will set it automatically.
 `,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "version",
-			Help: `Version read from the file fabric
+			Help: `Version read from the file fabric.
 
 Don't set this value - rclone will set it automatically.
 `,
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	opt             Options            // parsed options
 	features        *fs.Features       // optional features
 	m               configmap.Mapper   // to save config
-	srv             *rest.Client       // the connection to the one drive server
+	srv             *rest.Client       // the connection to the server
 	dirCache        *dircache.DirCache // Map of directory path to directory id
 	pacer           *fs.Pacer          // pacer for API calls
 	tokenMu         sync.Mutex         // hold when reading the token
@@ -222,13 +222,14 @@ var retryStatusCodes = []struct {
 		// delete in that folder. Please try again later or use
 		// another name. (error_background)
 		code:  "error_background",
-		sleep: 6 * time.Second,
+		sleep: 1 * time.Second,
 	},
 }
 
 // shouldRetry returns a boolean as to whether this resp and err
 // deserve to be retried.  It returns the err as a convenience
-func (f *Fs) shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, err error, status api.OKError) (bool, error) {
+// try should be the number of the tries so far, counting up from 1
+func (f *Fs) shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, err error, status api.OKError, try int) (bool, error) {
 	if fserrors.ContextError(ctx, &err) {
 		return false, err
 	}
@@ -244,9 +245,10 @@ func (f *Fs) shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, err error, st
 			for _, retryCode := range retryStatusCodes {
 				if code == retryCode.code {
 					if retryCode.sleep > 0 {
-						// make this thread only sleep extra time
-						fs.Debugf(f, "Sleeping for %v to wait for %q error to clear", retryCode.sleep, retryCode.code)
-						time.Sleep(retryCode.sleep)
+						// make this thread only sleep exponentially increasing extra time
+						sleepTime := retryCode.sleep << (try - 1)
+						fs.Debugf(f, "Sleeping for %v to wait for %q error to clear", sleepTime, retryCode.code)
+						time.Sleep(sleepTime)
 					}
 					return true, err
 				}
@@ -264,7 +266,7 @@ func (f *Fs) readMetaDataForPath(ctx context.Context, rootID string, path string
 		"pid":  rootID,
 	}, &resp, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to check path exists")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to check path exists: %w", err)
 	}
 	if resp.Exists != "y" {
 		return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
@@ -305,7 +307,7 @@ func (f *Fs) getApplianceInfo(ctx context.Context) error {
 		"token": "*",
 	}, &applianceInfo, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to read appliance version")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read appliance version: %w", err)
 	}
 	f.opt.Version = applianceInfo.SoftwareVersionLabel
 	f.m.Set("version", f.opt.Version)
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ func (f *Fs) getToken(ctx context.Context) (token string, err error) {
 		"authtoken": f.opt.PermanentToken,
 	}, &info, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get session token")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get session token: %w", err)
 	}
 	refreshed = true
 	now = now.Add(tokenLifeTime)
@@ -370,7 +372,7 @@ type params map[string]interface{}
 
 // rpc calls the rpc.php method of the SME file fabric
 //
-// This is an entry point to all the method calls
+// This is an entry point to all the method calls.
 //
 // If result is nil then resp.Body will need closing
 func (f *Fs) rpc(ctx context.Context, function string, p params, result api.OKError, options []fs.OpenOption) (resp *http.Response, err error) {
@@ -400,11 +402,13 @@ func (f *Fs) rpc(ctx context.Context, function string, p params, result api.OKEr
 		ContentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
 		Options:     options,
 	}
+	try := 0
 	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		try++
 		// Refresh the body each retry
 		opts.Body = strings.NewReader(data.Encode())
 		resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, result)
-		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err, result)
+		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err, result, try)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return resp, err
@@ -485,7 +489,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 				// Root is a dir - cache its ID
 				f.dirCache.Put(f.root, info.ID)
 			}
-		} else {
+			//} else {
 			// Root is not found so a directory
 		}
 	}
@@ -557,7 +561,7 @@ func (f *Fs) CreateDir(ctx context.Context, pathID, leaf string) (newID string,
 		"fi_name": f.opt.Enc.FromStandardName(leaf),
 	}, &info, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create directory")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory: %w", err)
 	}
 	// fmt.Printf("...Id %q\n", *info.Id)
 	return info.Item.ID, nil
@@ -590,7 +594,7 @@ OUTER:
 		var info api.GetFolderContentsResponse
 		_, err = f.rpc(ctx, "getFolderContents", p, &info, nil)
 		if err != nil {
-			return false, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to list directory")
+			return false, fmt.Errorf("failed to list directory: %w", err)
 		}
 		for i := range info.Items {
 			item := &info.Items[i]
@@ -673,7 +677,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 // Creates from the parameters passed in a half finished Object which
 // must have setMetaData called on it
 //
-// Returns the object, leaf, directoryID and error
+// Returns the object, leaf, directoryID and error.
 //
 // Used to create new objects
 func (f *Fs) createObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, modTime time.Time, size int64) (o *Object, leaf string, directoryID string, err error) {
@@ -692,7 +696,7 @@ func (f *Fs) createObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, modTime time.Time,
 
 // Put the object
 //
-// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned
+// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned.
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
@@ -721,7 +725,7 @@ func (f *Fs) deleteObject(ctx context.Context, id string) (err error) {
 		"completedeletion": "n",
 	}, &info, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to delete file")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete file: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -758,7 +762,7 @@ func (f *Fs) purgeCheck(ctx context.Context, dir string, check bool) error {
 	}, &info, nil)
 	f.dirCache.FlushDir(dir)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to remove directory")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove directory: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -778,9 +782,9 @@ func (f *Fs) Precision() time.Duration {
 
 // Copy src to this remote using server side copy operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -820,7 +824,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 	}
 	_, err = f.rpc(ctx, "doCopyFile", p, &info, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to copy file")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to copy file: %w", err)
 	}
 	err = dstObj.setMetaData(&info.Item)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -838,8 +842,8 @@ func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 	return f.purgeCheck(ctx, dir, false)
 }
 
-// Wait for the the background task to complete if necessary
-func (f *Fs) waitForBackgroundTask(ctx context.Context, taskID string) (err error) {
+// Wait for the background task to complete if necessary
+func (f *Fs) waitForBackgroundTask(ctx context.Context, taskID api.String) (err error) {
 	if taskID == "" || taskID == "0" {
 		// No task to wait for
 		return nil
@@ -852,7 +856,7 @@ func (f *Fs) waitForBackgroundTask(ctx context.Context, taskID string) (err erro
 			"taskid": taskID,
 		}, &info, nil)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to wait for task %s to complete", taskID)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to wait for task %s to complete: %w", taskID, err)
 		}
 		if len(info.Tasks) == 0 {
 			// task has finished
@@ -885,7 +889,7 @@ func (f *Fs) renameLeaf(ctx context.Context, isDir bool, id string, newLeaf stri
 		"fi_name": newLeaf,
 	}, &info, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to rename leaf")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to rename leaf: %w", err)
 	}
 	err = f.waitForBackgroundTask(ctx, info.Status.TaskID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -929,7 +933,7 @@ func (f *Fs) move(ctx context.Context, isDir bool, id, oldLeaf, newLeaf, oldDire
 			"dir_id": newDirectoryID,
 		}, &info, nil)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to move file to new directory")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to move file to new directory: %w", err)
 		}
 		item = &info.Item
 		err = f.waitForBackgroundTask(ctx, info.Status.TaskID)
@@ -951,9 +955,9 @@ func (f *Fs) move(ctx context.Context, isDir bool, id, oldLeaf, newLeaf, oldDire
 
 // Move src to this remote using server side move operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
@@ -1032,7 +1036,7 @@ func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	var info api.EmptyResponse
 	_, err = f.rpc(ctx, "emptyTrashInBackground", params{}, &info, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to empty trash")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to empty trash: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1089,7 +1093,7 @@ func (o *Object) Size() int64 {
 // setMetaData sets the metadata from info
 func (o *Object) setMetaData(info *api.Item) (err error) {
 	if info.Type != api.ItemTypeFile {
-		return errors.Wrapf(fs.ErrorNotAFile, "%q is %q", o.remote, info.Type)
+		return fs.ErrorIsDir
 	}
 	o.hasMetaData = true
 	o.size = info.Size
@@ -1130,7 +1134,6 @@ func (o *Object) readMetaData(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 
 // ModTime returns the modification time of the object
 //
-//
 // It attempts to read the objects mtime and if that isn't present the
 // LastModified returned in the http headers
 func (o *Object) ModTime(ctx context.Context) time.Time {
@@ -1159,7 +1162,7 @@ func (o *Object) modifyFile(ctx context.Context, keyValues [][2]string) error {
 		"data":  data.String(),
 	}, &info, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to update metadata")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to update metadata: %w", err)
 	}
 	return o.setMetaData(&info.Item)
 }
@@ -1182,7 +1185,7 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 		return nil, errors.New("can't download - no id")
 	}
 	if o.contentType == emptyMimeType {
-		return ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader([]byte{})), nil
+		return io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader([]byte{})), nil
 	}
 	fs.FixRangeOption(options, o.size)
 	resp, err := o.fs.rpc(ctx, "getFile", params{
@@ -1196,7 +1199,7 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 
 // Update the object with the contents of the io.Reader, modTime and size
 //
-// If existing is set then it updates the object rather than creating a new one
+// If existing is set then it updates the object rather than creating a new one.
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (err error) {
@@ -1242,7 +1245,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	}
 	_, err = o.fs.rpc(ctx, "doInitUpload", p, &upload, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to initialize upload")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to initialize upload: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Cancel the upload if aborted or it fails
@@ -1278,18 +1281,20 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		var contentLength = size
 		opts.ContentLength = &contentLength // NB CallJSON scribbles on this which is naughty
 	}
+	try := 0
 	err = o.fs.pacer.CallNoRetry(func() (bool, error) {
+		try++
 		resp, err := o.fs.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &uploader)
-		return o.fs.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err, nil)
+		return o.fs.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err, nil, try)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to upload")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to upload: %w", err)
 	}
 	if uploader.Success != "y" {
-		return errors.Errorf("upload failed")
+		return fmt.Errorf("upload failed")
 	}
 	if size > 0 && uploader.FileSize != size {
-		return errors.Errorf("upload failed: size mismatch: want %d got %d", size, uploader.FileSize)
+		return fmt.Errorf("upload failed: size mismatch: want %d got %d", size, uploader.FileSize)
 	}
 
 	// Now finalize the file
@@ -1301,7 +1306,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	}
 	_, err = o.fs.rpc(ctx, "doCompleteUpload", p, &finalize, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to finalize upload")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to finalize upload: %w", err)
 	}
 	finalized = true
 

backend/ftp/ftp.go

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ package ftp
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/textproto"
@@ -14,7 +16,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/jlaffaye/ftp"
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
@@ -44,66 +45,94 @@ const (
 func init() {
 	fs.Register(&fs.RegInfo{
 		Name:        "ftp",
-		Description: "FTP Connection",
+		Description: "FTP",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "host",
-			Help:     "FTP host to connect to",
+			Help:     "FTP host to connect to.\n\nE.g. \"ftp.example.com\".",
 			Required: true,
-			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
-				Value: "ftp.example.com",
-				Help:  "Connect to ftp.example.com",
-			}},
 		}, {
-			Name: "user",
-			Help: "FTP username, leave blank for current username, " + currentUser,
+			Name:    "user",
+			Help:    "FTP username.",
+			Default: currentUser,
 		}, {
-			Name: "port",
-			Help: "FTP port, leave blank to use default (21)",
+			Name:    "port",
+			Help:    "FTP port number.",
+			Default: 21,
 		}, {
 			Name:       "pass",
-			Help:       "FTP password",
+			Help:       "FTP password.",
 			IsPassword: true,
-			Required:   true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "tls",
-			Help: `Use Implicit FTPS (FTP over TLS)
+			Help: `Use Implicit FTPS (FTP over TLS).
+
 When using implicit FTP over TLS the client connects using TLS
 right from the start which breaks compatibility with
 non-TLS-aware servers. This is usually served over port 990 rather
-than port 21. Cannot be used in combination with explicit FTP.`,
+than port 21. Cannot be used in combination with explicit FTPS.`,
 			Default: false,
 		}, {
 			Name: "explicit_tls",
-			Help: `Use Explicit FTPS (FTP over TLS)
+			Help: `Use Explicit FTPS (FTP over TLS).
+
 When using explicit FTP over TLS the client explicitly requests
 security from the server in order to upgrade a plain text connection
-to an encrypted one. Cannot be used in combination with implicit FTP.`,
+to an encrypted one. Cannot be used in combination with implicit FTPS.`,
 			Default: false,
 		}, {
-			Name:     "concurrency",
-			Help:     "Maximum number of FTP simultaneous connections, 0 for unlimited",
+			Name: "concurrency",
+			Help: strings.Replace(`Maximum number of FTP simultaneous connections, 0 for unlimited.
+
+Note that setting this is very likely to cause deadlocks so it should
+be used with care.
+
+If you are doing a sync or copy then make sure concurrency is one more
+than the sum of |--transfers| and |--checkers|.
+
+If you use |--check-first| then it just needs to be one more than the
+maximum of |--checkers| and |--transfers|.
+
+So for |concurrency 3| you'd use |--checkers 2 --transfers 2
+--check-first| or |--checkers 1 --transfers 1|.
+
+`, "|", "`", -1),
 			Default:  0,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "no_check_certificate",
-			Help:     "Do not verify the TLS certificate of the server",
+			Help:     "Do not verify the TLS certificate of the server.",
 			Default:  false,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "disable_epsv",
-			Help:     "Disable using EPSV even if server advertises support",
+			Help:     "Disable using EPSV even if server advertises support.",
 			Default:  false,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "disable_mlsd",
-			Help:     "Disable using MLSD even if server advertises support",
+			Help:     "Disable using MLSD even if server advertises support.",
+			Default:  false,
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:     "disable_utf8",
+			Help:     "Disable using UTF-8 even if server advertises support.",
+			Default:  false,
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:     "writing_mdtm",
+			Help:     "Use MDTM to set modification time (VsFtpd quirk)",
+			Default:  false,
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:     "force_list_hidden",
+			Help:     "Use LIST -a to force listing of hidden files and folders. This will disable the use of MLSD.",
 			Default:  false,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "idle_timeout",
 			Default: fs.Duration(60 * time.Second),
-			Help: `Max time before closing idle connections
+			Help: `Max time before closing idle connections.
 
 If no connections have been returned to the connection pool in the time
 given, rclone will empty the connection pool.
@@ -116,17 +145,51 @@ Set to 0 to keep connections indefinitely.
 			Help:     "Maximum time to wait for a response to close.",
 			Default:  fs.Duration(60 * time.Second),
 			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name: "tls_cache_size",
+			Help: `Size of TLS session cache for all control and data connections.
+
+TLS cache allows to resume TLS sessions and reuse PSK between connections.
+Increase if default size is not enough resulting in TLS resumption errors.
+Enabled by default. Use 0 to disable.`,
+			Default:  32,
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:     "disable_tls13",
+			Help:     "Disable TLS 1.3 (workaround for FTP servers with buggy TLS)",
+			Default:  false,
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:     "shut_timeout",
+			Help:     "Maximum time to wait for data connection closing status.",
+			Default:  fs.Duration(60 * time.Second),
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:    "ask_password",
+			Default: false,
+			Help: `Allow asking for FTP password when needed.
+
+If this is set and no password is supplied then rclone will ask for a password
+`,
+			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
 			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
 			Advanced: true,
-			// The FTP protocol can't handle trailing spaces (for instance
-			// pureftpd turns them into _)
-			//
-			// proftpd can't handle '*' in file names
-			// pureftpd can't handle '[', ']' or '*'
+			// The FTP protocol can't handle trailing spaces
+			// (for instance, pureftpd turns them into '_')
 			Default: (encoder.Display |
 				encoder.EncodeRightSpace),
+			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
+				Value: "Asterisk,Ctl,Dot,Slash",
+				Help:  "ProFTPd can't handle '*' in file names",
+			}, {
+				Value: "BackSlash,Ctl,Del,Dot,RightSpace,Slash,SquareBracket",
+				Help:  "PureFTPd can't handle '[]' or '*' in file names",
+			}, {
+				Value: "Ctl,LeftPeriod,Slash",
+				Help:  "VsFTPd can't handle file names starting with dot",
+			}},
 		}},
 	})
 }
@@ -139,12 +202,19 @@ type Options struct {
 	Port              string               `config:"port"`
 	TLS               bool                 `config:"tls"`
 	ExplicitTLS       bool                 `config:"explicit_tls"`
+	TLSCacheSize      int                  `config:"tls_cache_size"`
+	DisableTLS13      bool                 `config:"disable_tls13"`
 	Concurrency       int                  `config:"concurrency"`
 	SkipVerifyTLSCert bool                 `config:"no_check_certificate"`
 	DisableEPSV       bool                 `config:"disable_epsv"`
 	DisableMLSD       bool                 `config:"disable_mlsd"`
+	DisableUTF8       bool                 `config:"disable_utf8"`
+	WritingMDTM       bool                 `config:"writing_mdtm"`
+	ForceListHidden   bool                 `config:"force_list_hidden"`
 	IdleTimeout       fs.Duration          `config:"idle_timeout"`
 	CloseTimeout      fs.Duration          `config:"close_timeout"`
+	ShutTimeout       fs.Duration          `config:"shut_timeout"`
+	AskPassword       bool                 `config:"ask_password"`
 	Enc               encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
 }
 
@@ -165,6 +235,9 @@ type Fs struct {
 	tokens   *pacer.TokenDispenser
 	tlsConf  *tls.Config
 	pacer    *fs.Pacer // pacer for FTP connections
+	fGetTime bool      // true if the ftp library accepts GetTime
+	fSetTime bool      // true if the ftp library accepts SetTime
+	fLstTime bool      // true if the List call returns precise time
 }
 
 // Object describes an FTP file
@@ -179,6 +252,7 @@ type FileInfo struct {
 	Name    string
 	Size    uint64
 	ModTime time.Time
+	precise bool // true if the time is precise
 	IsDir   bool
 }
 
@@ -241,18 +315,26 @@ func (dl *debugLog) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	return len(p), nil
 }
 
+// returns true if this FTP error should be retried
+func isRetriableFtpError(err error) bool {
+	switch errX := err.(type) {
+	case *textproto.Error:
+		switch errX.Code {
+		case ftp.StatusNotAvailable, ftp.StatusTransfertAborted:
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 // shouldRetry returns a boolean as to whether this err deserve to be
 // retried.  It returns the err as a convenience
 func shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, err error) (bool, error) {
 	if fserrors.ContextError(ctx, &err) {
 		return false, err
 	}
-	switch errX := err.(type) {
-	case *textproto.Error:
-		switch errX.Code {
-		case ftp.StatusNotAvailable:
-			return true, err
-		}
+	if isRetriableFtpError(err) {
+		return true, err
 	}
 	return fserrors.ShouldRetry(err), err
 }
@@ -262,14 +344,44 @@ func (f *Fs) ftpConnection(ctx context.Context) (c *ftp.ServerConn, err error) {
 	fs.Debugf(f, "Connecting to FTP server")
 
 	// Make ftp library dial with fshttp dialer optionally using TLS
+	initialConnection := true
 	dial := func(network, address string) (conn net.Conn, err error) {
+		fs.Debugf(f, "dial(%q,%q)", network, address)
+		defer func() {
+			fs.Debugf(f, "> dial: conn=%T, err=%v", conn, err)
+		}()
 		conn, err = fshttp.NewDialer(ctx).Dial(network, address)
-		if f.tlsConf != nil && err == nil {
-			conn = tls.Client(conn, f.tlsConf)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
 		}
-		return
+		// Connect using cleartext only for non TLS
+		if f.tlsConf == nil {
+			return conn, nil
+		}
+		// Initial connection only needs to be cleartext for explicit TLS
+		if f.opt.ExplicitTLS && initialConnection {
+			initialConnection = false
+			return conn, nil
+		}
+		// Upgrade connection to TLS
+		tlsConn := tls.Client(conn, f.tlsConf)
+		// Do the initial handshake - tls.Client doesn't do it for us
+		// If we do this then connections to proftpd/pureftpd lock up
+		// See: https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/6426
+		// See: https://github.com/jlaffaye/ftp/issues/282
+		if false {
+			err = tlsConn.HandshakeContext(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				_ = conn.Close()
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		return tlsConn, nil
+	}
+	ftpConfig := []ftp.DialOption{
+		ftp.DialWithContext(ctx),
+		ftp.DialWithDialFunc(dial),
 	}
-	ftpConfig := []ftp.DialOption{ftp.DialWithDialFunc(dial)}
 
 	if f.opt.TLS {
 		// Our dialer takes care of TLS but ftp library also needs tlsConf
@@ -277,12 +389,6 @@ func (f *Fs) ftpConnection(ctx context.Context) (c *ftp.ServerConn, err error) {
 		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithTLS(f.tlsConf))
 	} else if f.opt.ExplicitTLS {
 		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithExplicitTLS(f.tlsConf))
-		// Initial connection needs to be cleartext for explicit TLS
-		conn, err := fshttp.NewDialer(ctx).Dial("tcp", f.dialAddr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithNetConn(conn))
 	}
 	if f.opt.DisableEPSV {
 		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithDisabledEPSV(true))
@@ -290,6 +396,18 @@ func (f *Fs) ftpConnection(ctx context.Context) (c *ftp.ServerConn, err error) {
 	if f.opt.DisableMLSD {
 		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithDisabledMLSD(true))
 	}
+	if f.opt.DisableUTF8 {
+		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithDisabledUTF8(true))
+	}
+	if f.opt.ShutTimeout != 0 && f.opt.ShutTimeout != fs.DurationOff {
+		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithShutTimeout(time.Duration(f.opt.ShutTimeout)))
+	}
+	if f.opt.WritingMDTM {
+		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithWritingMDTM(true))
+	}
+	if f.opt.ForceListHidden {
+		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithForceListHidden(true))
+	}
 	if f.ci.Dump&(fs.DumpHeaders|fs.DumpBodies|fs.DumpRequests|fs.DumpResponses) != 0 {
 		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithDebugOutput(&debugLog{auth: f.ci.Dump&fs.DumpAuth != 0}))
 	}
@@ -306,7 +424,7 @@ func (f *Fs) ftpConnection(ctx context.Context) (c *ftp.ServerConn, err error) {
 		return false, nil
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		err = errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to make FTP connection to %q", f.dialAddr)
+		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to make FTP connection to %q: %w", f.dialAddr, err)
 	}
 	return c, err
 }
@@ -353,8 +471,8 @@ func (f *Fs) putFtpConnection(pc **ftp.ServerConn, err error) {
 	*pc = nil
 	if err != nil {
 		// If not a regular FTP error code then check the connection
-		_, isRegularError := errors.Cause(err).(*textproto.Error)
-		if !isRegularError {
+		var tpErr *textproto.Error
+		if !errors.As(err, &tpErr) {
 			nopErr := c.NoOp()
 			if nopErr != nil {
 				fs.Debugf(f, "Connection failed, closing: %v", nopErr)
@@ -400,9 +518,14 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (ff fs.Fs
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	pass, err := obscure.Reveal(opt.Pass)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "NewFS decrypt password")
+	pass := ""
+	if opt.AskPassword && opt.Pass == "" {
+		pass = config.GetPassword("FTP server password")
+	} else {
+		pass, err = obscure.Reveal(opt.Pass)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("NewFS decrypt password: %w", err)
+		}
 	}
 	user := opt.User
 	if user == "" {
@@ -419,7 +542,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (ff fs.Fs
 		protocol = "ftps://"
 	}
 	if opt.TLS && opt.ExplicitTLS {
-		return nil, errors.New("Implicit TLS and explicit TLS are mutually incompatible. Please revise your config")
+		return nil, errors.New("implicit TLS and explicit TLS are mutually incompatible, please revise your config")
 	}
 	var tlsConfig *tls.Config
 	if opt.TLS || opt.ExplicitTLS {
@@ -427,6 +550,12 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (ff fs.Fs
 			ServerName:         opt.Host,
 			InsecureSkipVerify: opt.SkipVerifyTLSCert,
 		}
+		if opt.TLSCacheSize > 0 {
+			tlsConfig.ClientSessionCache = tls.NewLRUClientSessionCache(opt.TLSCacheSize)
+		}
+		if opt.DisableTLS13 {
+			tlsConfig.MaxVersion = tls.VersionTLS12
+		}
 	}
 	u := protocol + path.Join(dialAddr+"/", root)
 	ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
@@ -453,7 +582,13 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (ff fs.Fs
 	// Make a connection and pool it to return errors early
 	c, err := f.getFtpConnection(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "NewFs")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NewFs: %w", err)
+	}
+	f.fGetTime = c.IsGetTimeSupported()
+	f.fSetTime = c.IsSetTimeSupported()
+	f.fLstTime = c.IsTimePreciseInList()
+	if !f.fLstTime && f.fGetTime {
+		f.features.SlowModTime = true
 	}
 	f.putFtpConnection(&c, nil)
 	if root != "" {
@@ -465,7 +600,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (ff fs.Fs
 		}
 		_, err := f.NewObject(ctx, remote)
 		if err != nil {
-			if err == fs.ErrorObjectNotFound || errors.Cause(err) == fs.ErrorNotAFile {
+			if err == fs.ErrorObjectNotFound || errors.Is(err, fs.ErrorNotAFile) {
 				// File doesn't exist so return old f
 				f.root = root
 				return f, nil
@@ -530,8 +665,7 @@ func (f *Fs) dirFromStandardPath(dir string) string {
 // findItem finds a directory entry for the name in its parent directory
 func (f *Fs) findItem(ctx context.Context, remote string) (entry *ftp.Entry, err error) {
 	// defer fs.Trace(remote, "")("o=%v, err=%v", &o, &err)
-	fullPath := path.Join(f.root, remote)
-	if fullPath == "" || fullPath == "." || fullPath == "/" {
+	if remote == "" || remote == "." || remote == "/" {
 		// if root, assume exists and synthesize an entry
 		return &ftp.Entry{
 			Name: "",
@@ -539,13 +673,32 @@ func (f *Fs) findItem(ctx context.Context, remote string) (entry *ftp.Entry, err
 			Time: time.Now(),
 		}, nil
 	}
-	dir := path.Dir(fullPath)
-	base := path.Base(fullPath)
 
 	c, err := f.getFtpConnection(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "findItem")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("findItem: %w", err)
 	}
+
+	// returns TRUE if MLST is supported which is required to call GetEntry
+	if c.IsTimePreciseInList() {
+		entry, err := c.GetEntry(f.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(remote))
+		f.putFtpConnection(&c, err)
+		if err != nil {
+			err = translateErrorFile(err)
+			if err == fs.ErrorObjectNotFound {
+				return nil, nil
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if entry != nil {
+			f.entryToStandard(entry)
+		}
+		return entry, nil
+	}
+
+	dir := path.Dir(remote)
+	base := path.Base(remote)
+
 	files, err := c.List(f.dirFromStandardPath(dir))
 	f.putFtpConnection(&c, err)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -564,7 +717,7 @@ func (f *Fs) findItem(ctx context.Context, remote string) (entry *ftp.Entry, err
 // it returns the error fs.ErrorObjectNotFound.
 func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (o fs.Object, err error) {
 	// defer fs.Trace(remote, "")("o=%v, err=%v", &o, &err)
-	entry, err := f.findItem(ctx, remote)
+	entry, err := f.findItem(ctx, path.Join(f.root, remote))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -573,13 +726,12 @@ func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (o fs.Object, err err
 			fs:     f,
 			remote: remote,
 		}
-		info := &FileInfo{
+		o.info = &FileInfo{
 			Name:    remote,
 			Size:    entry.Size,
 			ModTime: entry.Time,
+			precise: f.fLstTime,
 		}
-		o.info = info
-
 		return o, nil
 	}
 	return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
@@ -587,9 +739,9 @@ func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (o fs.Object, err err
 
 // dirExists checks the directory pointed to by remote exists or not
 func (f *Fs) dirExists(ctx context.Context, remote string) (exists bool, err error) {
-	entry, err := f.findItem(ctx, remote)
+	entry, err := f.findItem(ctx, path.Join(f.root, remote))
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, errors.Wrap(err, "dirExists")
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("dirExists: %w", err)
 	}
 	if entry != nil && entry.Type == ftp.EntryTypeFolder {
 		return true, nil
@@ -610,7 +762,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 	// defer log.Trace(dir, "dir=%q", dir)("entries=%v, err=%v", &entries, &err)
 	c, err := f.getFtpConnection(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "list")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("list: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	var listErr error
@@ -639,7 +791,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 	case <-timer.C:
 		// if timer fired assume no error but connection dead
 		fs.Errorf(f, "Timeout when waiting for List")
-		return nil, errors.New("Timeout when waiting for List")
+		return nil, errors.New("timeout when waiting for List")
 	}
 
 	// Annoyingly FTP returns success for a directory which
@@ -648,7 +800,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 	if len(files) == 0 {
 		exists, err := f.dirExists(ctx, dir)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "list")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("list: %w", err)
 		}
 		if !exists {
 			return nil, fs.ErrorDirNotFound
@@ -674,6 +826,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 				Name:    newremote,
 				Size:    object.Size,
 				ModTime: object.Time,
+				precise: f.fLstTime,
 			}
 			o.info = info
 			entries = append(entries, o)
@@ -687,8 +840,19 @@ func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set {
 	return 0
 }
 
-// Precision shows Modified Time not supported
+// Precision shows whether modified time is supported or not depending on the
+// FTP server capabilities, namely whether FTP server:
+//   - accepts the MDTM command to get file time (fGetTime)
+//     or supports MLSD returning precise file time in the list (fLstTime)
+//   - accepts the MFMT command to set file time (fSetTime)
+//     or non-standard form of the MDTM command (fSetTime, too)
+//     used by VsFtpd for the same purpose (WritingMDTM)
+//
+// See "mdtm_write" in https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd/vsftpd_conf.html
 func (f *Fs) Precision() time.Duration {
+	if (f.fGetTime || f.fLstTime) && f.fSetTime {
+		return time.Second
+	}
 	return fs.ModTimeNotSupported
 }
 
@@ -701,7 +865,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options .
 	// fs.Debugf(f, "Trying to put file %s", src.Remote())
 	err := f.mkParentDir(ctx, src.Remote())
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Put mkParentDir failed")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Put mkParentDir failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	o := &Object{
 		fs:     f,
@@ -719,31 +883,18 @@ func (f *Fs) PutStream(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, opt
 // getInfo reads the FileInfo for a path
 func (f *Fs) getInfo(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fi *FileInfo, err error) {
 	// defer fs.Trace(remote, "")("fi=%v, err=%v", &fi, &err)
-	dir := path.Dir(remote)
-	base := path.Base(remote)
-
-	c, err := f.getFtpConnection(ctx)
+	file, err := f.findItem(ctx, remote)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "getInfo")
-	}
-	files, err := c.List(f.dirFromStandardPath(dir))
-	f.putFtpConnection(&c, err)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, translateErrorFile(err)
-	}
-
-	for i := range files {
-		file := files[i]
-		f.entryToStandard(file)
-		if file.Name == base {
-			info := &FileInfo{
-				Name:    remote,
-				Size:    file.Size,
-				ModTime: file.Time,
-				IsDir:   file.Type == ftp.EntryTypeFolder,
-			}
-			return info, nil
+		return nil, err
+	} else if file != nil {
+		info := &FileInfo{
+			Name:    remote,
+			Size:    file.Size,
+			ModTime: file.Time,
+			precise: f.fLstTime,
+			IsDir:   file.Type == ftp.EntryTypeFolder,
 		}
+		return info, nil
 	}
 	return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
 }
@@ -761,7 +912,7 @@ func (f *Fs) mkdir(ctx context.Context, abspath string) error {
 		}
 		return fs.ErrorIsFile
 	} else if err != fs.ErrorObjectNotFound {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "mkdir %q failed", abspath)
+		return fmt.Errorf("mkdir %q failed: %w", abspath, err)
 	}
 	parent := path.Dir(abspath)
 	err = f.mkdir(ctx, parent)
@@ -770,7 +921,7 @@ func (f *Fs) mkdir(ctx context.Context, abspath string) error {
 	}
 	c, connErr := f.getFtpConnection(ctx)
 	if connErr != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(connErr, "mkdir")
+		return fmt.Errorf("mkdir: %w", connErr)
 	}
 	err = c.MakeDir(f.dirFromStandardPath(abspath))
 	f.putFtpConnection(&c, err)
@@ -806,7 +957,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Mkdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) (err error) {
 func (f *Fs) Rmdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 	c, err := f.getFtpConnection(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(translateErrorFile(err), "Rmdir")
+		return fmt.Errorf("Rmdir: %w", translateErrorFile(err))
 	}
 	err = c.RemoveDir(f.dirFromStandardPath(path.Join(f.root, dir)))
 	f.putFtpConnection(&c, err)
@@ -822,11 +973,11 @@ func (f *Fs) Move(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 	}
 	err := f.mkParentDir(ctx, remote)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Move mkParentDir failed")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Move mkParentDir failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	c, err := f.getFtpConnection(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Move")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Move: %w", err)
 	}
 	err = c.Rename(
 		f.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(path.Join(srcObj.fs.root, srcObj.remote)),
@@ -834,11 +985,11 @@ func (f *Fs) Move(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 	)
 	f.putFtpConnection(&c, err)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Move Rename failed")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Move Rename failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	dstObj, err := f.NewObject(ctx, remote)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Move NewObject failed")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Move NewObject failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	return dstObj, nil
 }
@@ -868,19 +1019,19 @@ func (f *Fs) DirMove(ctx context.Context, src fs.Fs, srcRemote, dstRemote string
 		}
 		return fs.ErrorIsFile
 	} else if err != fs.ErrorObjectNotFound {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "DirMove getInfo failed")
+		return fmt.Errorf("DirMove getInfo failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Make sure the parent directory exists
 	err = f.mkdir(ctx, path.Dir(dstPath))
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "DirMove mkParentDir dst failed")
+		return fmt.Errorf("DirMove mkParentDir dst failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Do the move
 	c, err := f.getFtpConnection(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "DirMove")
+		return fmt.Errorf("DirMove: %w", err)
 	}
 	err = c.Rename(
 		f.dirFromStandardPath(srcPath),
@@ -888,7 +1039,7 @@ func (f *Fs) DirMove(ctx context.Context, src fs.Fs, srcRemote, dstRemote string
 	)
 	f.putFtpConnection(&c, err)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrapf(err, "DirMove Rename(%q,%q) failed", srcPath, dstPath)
+		return fmt.Errorf("DirMove Rename(%q,%q) failed: %w", srcPath, dstPath, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -925,12 +1076,41 @@ func (o *Object) Size() int64 {
 
 // ModTime returns the modification time of the object
 func (o *Object) ModTime(ctx context.Context) time.Time {
+	if !o.info.precise && o.fs.fGetTime {
+		c, err := o.fs.getFtpConnection(ctx)
+		if err == nil {
+			path := path.Join(o.fs.root, o.remote)
+			path = o.fs.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(path)
+			modTime, err := c.GetTime(path)
+			if err == nil && o.info != nil {
+				o.info.ModTime = modTime
+				o.info.precise = true
+			}
+			o.fs.putFtpConnection(&c, err)
+		}
+	}
 	return o.info.ModTime
 }
 
 // SetModTime sets the modification time of the object
 func (o *Object) SetModTime(ctx context.Context, modTime time.Time) error {
-	return nil
+	if !o.fs.fSetTime {
+		fs.Errorf(o.fs, "SetModTime is not supported")
+		return nil
+	}
+	c, err := o.fs.getFtpConnection(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	path := path.Join(o.fs.root, o.remote)
+	path = o.fs.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(path)
+	err = c.SetTime(path, modTime.In(time.UTC))
+	if err == nil && o.info != nil {
+		o.info.ModTime = modTime
+		o.info.precise = true
+	}
+	o.fs.putFtpConnection(&c, err)
+	return err
 }
 
 // Storable returns a boolean as to whether this object is storable
@@ -963,7 +1143,11 @@ func (f *ftpReadCloser) Close() error {
 		errchan <- f.rc.Close()
 	}()
 	// Wait for Close for up to 60 seconds by default
-	timer := time.NewTimer(time.Duration(f.f.opt.CloseTimeout))
+	closeTimeout := f.f.opt.CloseTimeout
+	if closeTimeout == 0 {
+		closeTimeout = fs.DurationOff
+	}
+	timer := time.NewTimer(time.Duration(closeTimeout))
 	select {
 	case err = <-errchan:
 		timer.Stop()
@@ -1010,22 +1194,33 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (rc io.Read
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	c, err := o.fs.getFtpConnection(ctx)
+
+	var (
+		fd *ftp.Response
+		c  *ftp.ServerConn
+	)
+	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		c, err = o.fs.getFtpConnection(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err // getFtpConnection has retries already
+		}
+		fd, err = c.RetrFrom(o.fs.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(path), uint64(offset))
+		if err != nil {
+			o.fs.putFtpConnection(&c, err)
+		}
+		return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
+	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "open")
-	}
-	fd, err := c.RetrFrom(o.fs.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(path), uint64(offset))
-	if err != nil {
-		o.fs.putFtpConnection(&c, err)
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "open")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("open: %w", err)
 	}
+
 	rc = &ftpReadCloser{rc: readers.NewLimitedReadCloser(fd, limit), c: c, f: o.fs}
 	return rc, nil
 }
 
 // Update the already existing object
 //
-// Copy the reader into the object updating modTime and size
+// Copy the reader into the object updating modTime and size.
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (err error) {
@@ -1047,19 +1242,33 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	}
 	c, err := o.fs.getFtpConnection(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "Update")
+		return fmt.Errorf("Update: %w", err)
 	}
 	err = c.Stor(o.fs.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(path), in)
+	// Ignore error 250 here - send by some servers
+	if err != nil {
+		switch errX := err.(type) {
+		case *textproto.Error:
+			switch errX.Code {
+			case ftp.StatusRequestedFileActionOK:
+				err = nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	if err != nil {
 		_ = c.Quit() // toss this connection to avoid sync errors
-		remove()
+		// recycle connection in advance to let remove() find free token
 		o.fs.putFtpConnection(nil, err)
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "update stor")
+		remove()
+		return fmt.Errorf("update stor: %w", err)
 	}
 	o.fs.putFtpConnection(&c, nil)
+	if err = o.SetModTime(ctx, src.ModTime(ctx)); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("SetModTime: %w", err)
+	}
 	o.info, err = o.fs.getInfo(ctx, path)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "update getinfo")
+		return fmt.Errorf("update getinfo: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
@@ -1078,7 +1287,7 @@ func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	} else {
 		c, err := o.fs.getFtpConnection(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "Remove")
+			return fmt.Errorf("Remove: %w", err)
 		}
 		err = c.Delete(o.fs.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(path))
 		o.fs.putFtpConnection(&c, err)

backend/ftp/ftp_internal_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+package ftp
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/object"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/readers"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+type settings map[string]interface{}
+
+func deriveFs(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, f fs.Fs, opts settings) fs.Fs {
+	fsName := strings.Split(f.Name(), "{")[0] // strip off hash
+	configMap := configmap.Simple{}
+	for key, val := range opts {
+		configMap[key] = fmt.Sprintf("%v", val)
+	}
+	remote := fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s:%s", fsName, configMap.String(), f.Root())
+	fixFs, err := fs.NewFs(ctx, remote)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	return fixFs
+}
+
+// test that big file uploads do not cause network i/o timeout
+func (f *Fs) testUploadTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	const (
+		fileSize    = 100000000        // 100 MiB
+		idleTimeout = 1 * time.Second  // small because test server is local
+		maxTime     = 10 * time.Second // prevent test hangup
+	)
+
+	if testing.Short() {
+		t.Skip("not running with -short")
+	}
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
+	saveLowLevelRetries := ci.LowLevelRetries
+	saveTimeout := ci.Timeout
+	defer func() {
+		ci.LowLevelRetries = saveLowLevelRetries
+		ci.Timeout = saveTimeout
+	}()
+	ci.LowLevelRetries = 1
+	ci.Timeout = idleTimeout
+
+	upload := func(concurrency int, shutTimeout time.Duration) (obj fs.Object, err error) {
+		fixFs := deriveFs(ctx, t, f, settings{
+			"concurrency":  concurrency,
+			"shut_timeout": shutTimeout,
+		})
+
+		// Make test object
+		fileTime := fstest.Time("2020-03-08T09:30:00.000000000Z")
+		meta := object.NewStaticObjectInfo("upload-timeout.test", fileTime, int64(fileSize), true, nil, nil)
+		data := readers.NewPatternReader(int64(fileSize))
+
+		// Run upload and ensure maximum time
+		done := make(chan bool)
+		deadline := time.After(maxTime)
+		go func() {
+			obj, err = fixFs.Put(ctx, data, meta)
+			done <- true
+		}()
+		select {
+		case <-done:
+		case <-deadline:
+			t.Fatalf("Upload got stuck for %v !", maxTime)
+		}
+
+		return obj, err
+	}
+
+	// non-zero shut_timeout should fix i/o errors
+	obj, err := upload(f.opt.Concurrency, time.Second)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, obj)
+	if obj != nil {
+		_ = obj.Remove(ctx)
+	}
+}
+
+// rclone must support precise time with ProFtpd and PureFtpd out of the box.
+// The VsFtpd server does not support the MFMT command to set file time like
+// other servers but by default supports the MDTM command in the non-standard
+// two-argument form for the same purpose.
+// See "mdtm_write" in https://security.appspot.com/vsftpd/vsftpd_conf.html
+func (f *Fs) testTimePrecision(t *testing.T) {
+	name := f.Name()
+	if pos := strings.Index(name, "{"); pos != -1 {
+		name = name[:pos]
+	}
+	switch name {
+	case "TestFTPProftpd", "TestFTPPureftpd", "TestFTPVsftpd":
+		assert.LessOrEqual(t, f.Precision(), time.Second)
+	}
+}
+
+// InternalTest dispatches all internal tests
+func (f *Fs) InternalTest(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("UploadTimeout", f.testUploadTimeout)
+	t.Run("TimePrecision", f.testTimePrecision)
+}
+
+var _ fstests.InternalTester = (*Fs)(nil)

backend/ftp/ftp_test.go

@@ -9,25 +9,27 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
 )
 
-// TestIntegration runs integration tests against the remote
+// TestIntegration runs integration tests against rclone FTP server
 func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
-	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
-		RemoteName: "TestFTPProftpd:",
-		NilObject:  (*ftp.Object)(nil),
-	})
-}
-
-func TestIntegration2(t *testing.T) {
-	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
-		t.Skip("skipping as -remote is set")
-	}
 	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
 		RemoteName: "TestFTPRclone:",
 		NilObject:  (*ftp.Object)(nil),
 	})
 }
 
-func TestIntegration3(t *testing.T) {
+// TestIntegrationProftpd runs integration tests against proFTPd
+func TestIntegrationProftpd(t *testing.T) {
+	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
+		t.Skip("skipping as -remote is set")
+	}
+	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName: "TestFTPProftpd:",
+		NilObject:  (*ftp.Object)(nil),
+	})
+}
+
+// TestIntegrationPureftpd runs integration tests against pureFTPd
+func TestIntegrationPureftpd(t *testing.T) {
 	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
 		t.Skip("skipping as -remote is set")
 	}
@@ -37,12 +39,13 @@ func TestIntegration3(t *testing.T) {
 	})
 }
 
-// func TestIntegration4(t *testing.T) {
-// 	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
-// 		t.Skip("skipping as -remote is set")
-// 	}
-// 	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
-// 		RemoteName: "TestFTPVsftpd:",
-// 		NilObject:  (*ftp.Object)(nil),
-// 	})
-// }
+// TestIntegrationVsftpd runs integration tests against vsFTPd
+func TestIntegrationVsftpd(t *testing.T) {
+	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
+		t.Skip("skipping as -remote is set")
+	}
+	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName: "TestFTPVsftpd:",
+		NilObject:  (*ftp.Object)(nil),
+	})
+}

backend/googlecloudstorage/googlecloudstorage.go

@@ -16,16 +16,17 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	"io/ioutil"
-	"log"
 	"net/http"
+	"os"
 	"path"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
@@ -43,6 +44,7 @@ import (
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
 	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
 	"google.golang.org/api/googleapi"
+	option "google.golang.org/api/option"
 
 	// NOTE: This API is deprecated
 	storage "google.golang.org/api/storage/v1"
@@ -51,10 +53,10 @@ import (
 const (
 	rcloneClientID              = "202264815644.apps.googleusercontent.com"
 	rcloneEncryptedClientSecret = "Uj7C9jGfb9gmeaV70Lh058cNkWvepr-Es9sBm0zdgil7JaOWF1VySw"
-	timeFormatIn                = time.RFC3339
-	timeFormatOut               = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.000000000Z07:00"
-	metaMtime                   = "mtime" // key to store mtime under in metadata
-	listChunks                  = 1000    // chunk size to read directory listings
+	timeFormat                  = time.RFC3339Nano
+	metaMtime                   = "mtime"                    // key to store mtime in metadata
+	metaMtimeGsutil             = "goog-reserved-file-mtime" // key used by GSUtil to store mtime in metadata
+	listChunks                  = 1000                       // chunk size to read directory listings
 	minSleep                    = 10 * time.Millisecond
 )
 
@@ -65,7 +67,7 @@ var (
 		Endpoint:     google.Endpoint,
 		ClientID:     rcloneClientID,
 		ClientSecret: obscure.MustReveal(rcloneEncryptedClientSecret),
-		RedirectURL:  oauthutil.TitleBarRedirectURL,
+		RedirectURL:  oauthutil.RedirectURL,
 	}
 )
 
@@ -76,72 +78,72 @@ func init() {
 		Prefix:      "gcs",
 		Description: "Google Cloud Storage (this is not Google Drive)",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
-		Config: func(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper) {
+		Config: func(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper, config fs.ConfigIn) (*fs.ConfigOut, error) {
 			saFile, _ := m.Get("service_account_file")
 			saCreds, _ := m.Get("service_account_credentials")
 			anonymous, _ := m.Get("anonymous")
-			if saFile != "" || saCreds != "" || anonymous == "true" {
-				return
-			}
-			err := oauthutil.Config(ctx, "google cloud storage", name, m, storageConfig, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Fatalf("Failed to configure token: %v", err)
+			envAuth, _ := m.Get("env_auth")
+			if saFile != "" || saCreds != "" || anonymous == "true" || envAuth == "true" {
+				return nil, nil
 			}
+			return oauthutil.ConfigOut("", &oauthutil.Options{
+				OAuth2Config: storageConfig,
+			})
 		},
 		Options: append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
 			Name: "project_number",
-			Help: "Project number.\nOptional - needed only for list/create/delete buckets - see your developer console.",
+			Help: "Project number.\n\nOptional - needed only for list/create/delete buckets - see your developer console.",
 		}, {
 			Name: "service_account_file",
-			Help: "Service Account Credentials JSON file path\nLeave blank normally.\nNeeded only if you want use SA instead of interactive login." + env.ShellExpandHelp,
+			Help: "Service Account Credentials JSON file path.\n\nLeave blank normally.\nNeeded only if you want use SA instead of interactive login." + env.ShellExpandHelp,
 		}, {
 			Name: "service_account_credentials",
-			Help: "Service Account Credentials JSON blob\nLeave blank normally.\nNeeded only if you want use SA instead of interactive login.",
+			Help: "Service Account Credentials JSON blob.\n\nLeave blank normally.\nNeeded only if you want use SA instead of interactive login.",
 			Hide: fs.OptionHideBoth,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "anonymous",
-			Help:    "Access public buckets and objects without credentials\nSet to 'true' if you just want to download files and don't configure credentials.",
+			Help:    "Access public buckets and objects without credentials.\n\nSet to 'true' if you just want to download files and don't configure credentials.",
 			Default: false,
 		}, {
 			Name: "object_acl",
 			Help: "Access Control List for new objects.",
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
 				Value: "authenticatedRead",
-				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access, and all Authenticated Users get READER access.",
+				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access.\nAll Authenticated Users get READER access.",
 			}, {
 				Value: "bucketOwnerFullControl",
-				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team owners get OWNER access.",
+				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access.\nProject team owners get OWNER access.",
 			}, {
 				Value: "bucketOwnerRead",
-				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team owners get READER access.",
+				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access.\nProject team owners get READER access.",
 			}, {
 				Value: "private",
-				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access [default if left blank].",
+				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access.\nDefault if left blank.",
 			}, {
 				Value: "projectPrivate",
-				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access, and project team members get access according to their roles.",
+				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access.\nProject team members get access according to their roles.",
 			}, {
 				Value: "publicRead",
-				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access, and all Users get READER access.",
+				Help:  "Object owner gets OWNER access.\nAll Users get READER access.",
 			}},
 		}, {
 			Name: "bucket_acl",
 			Help: "Access Control List for new buckets.",
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
 				Value: "authenticatedRead",
-				Help:  "Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Authenticated Users get READER access.",
+				Help:  "Project team owners get OWNER access.\nAll Authenticated Users get READER access.",
 			}, {
 				Value: "private",
-				Help:  "Project team owners get OWNER access [default if left blank].",
+				Help:  "Project team owners get OWNER access.\nDefault if left blank.",
 			}, {
 				Value: "projectPrivate",
 				Help:  "Project team members get access according to their roles.",
 			}, {
 				Value: "publicRead",
-				Help:  "Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Users get READER access.",
+				Help:  "Project team owners get OWNER access.\nAll Users get READER access.",
 			}, {
 				Value: "publicReadWrite",
-				Help:  "Project team owners get OWNER access, and all Users get WRITER access.",
+				Help:  "Project team owners get OWNER access.\nAll Users get WRITER access.",
 			}},
 		}, {
 			Name: "bucket_policy_only",
@@ -164,64 +166,112 @@ Docs: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/bucket-policy-only
 			Help: "Location for the newly created buckets.",
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
 				Value: "",
-				Help:  "Empty for default location (US).",
+				Help:  "Empty for default location (US)",
 			}, {
 				Value: "asia",
-				Help:  "Multi-regional location for Asia.",
+				Help:  "Multi-regional location for Asia",
 			}, {
 				Value: "eu",
-				Help:  "Multi-regional location for Europe.",
+				Help:  "Multi-regional location for Europe",
 			}, {
 				Value: "us",
-				Help:  "Multi-regional location for United States.",
+				Help:  "Multi-regional location for United States",
 			}, {
 				Value: "asia-east1",
-				Help:  "Taiwan.",
+				Help:  "Taiwan",
 			}, {
 				Value: "asia-east2",
-				Help:  "Hong Kong.",
+				Help:  "Hong Kong",
 			}, {
 				Value: "asia-northeast1",
-				Help:  "Tokyo.",
+				Help:  "Tokyo",
+			}, {
+				Value: "asia-northeast2",
+				Help:  "Osaka",
+			}, {
+				Value: "asia-northeast3",
+				Help:  "Seoul",
 			}, {
 				Value: "asia-south1",
-				Help:  "Mumbai.",
+				Help:  "Mumbai",
+			}, {
+				Value: "asia-south2",
+				Help:  "Delhi",
 			}, {
 				Value: "asia-southeast1",
-				Help:  "Singapore.",
+				Help:  "Singapore",
+			}, {
+				Value: "asia-southeast2",
+				Help:  "Jakarta",
 			}, {
 				Value: "australia-southeast1",
-				Help:  "Sydney.",
+				Help:  "Sydney",
+			}, {
+				Value: "australia-southeast2",
+				Help:  "Melbourne",
 			}, {
 				Value: "europe-north1",
-				Help:  "Finland.",
+				Help:  "Finland",
 			}, {
 				Value: "europe-west1",
-				Help:  "Belgium.",
+				Help:  "Belgium",
 			}, {
 				Value: "europe-west2",
-				Help:  "London.",
+				Help:  "London",
 			}, {
 				Value: "europe-west3",
-				Help:  "Frankfurt.",
+				Help:  "Frankfurt",
 			}, {
 				Value: "europe-west4",
-				Help:  "Netherlands.",
+				Help:  "Netherlands",
+			}, {
+				Value: "europe-west6",
+				Help:  "Zürich",
+			}, {
+				Value: "europe-central2",
+				Help:  "Warsaw",
 			}, {
 				Value: "us-central1",
-				Help:  "Iowa.",
+				Help:  "Iowa",
 			}, {
 				Value: "us-east1",
-				Help:  "South Carolina.",
+				Help:  "South Carolina",
 			}, {
 				Value: "us-east4",
-				Help:  "Northern Virginia.",
+				Help:  "Northern Virginia",
 			}, {
 				Value: "us-west1",
-				Help:  "Oregon.",
+				Help:  "Oregon",
 			}, {
 				Value: "us-west2",
-				Help:  "California.",
+				Help:  "California",
+			}, {
+				Value: "us-west3",
+				Help:  "Salt Lake City",
+			}, {
+				Value: "us-west4",
+				Help:  "Las Vegas",
+			}, {
+				Value: "northamerica-northeast1",
+				Help:  "Montréal",
+			}, {
+				Value: "northamerica-northeast2",
+				Help:  "Toronto",
+			}, {
+				Value: "southamerica-east1",
+				Help:  "São Paulo",
+			}, {
+				Value: "southamerica-west1",
+				Help:  "Santiago",
+			}, {
+				Value: "asia1",
+				Help:  "Dual region: asia-northeast1 and asia-northeast2.",
+			}, {
+				Value: "eur4",
+				Help:  "Dual region: europe-north1 and europe-west4.",
+			}, {
+				Value: "nam4",
+				Help:  "Dual region: us-central1 and us-east1.",
 			}},
 		}, {
 			Name: "storage_class",
@@ -248,6 +298,32 @@ Docs: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/bucket-policy-only
 				Value: "DURABLE_REDUCED_AVAILABILITY",
 				Help:  "Durable reduced availability storage class",
 			}},
+		}, {
+			Name: "no_check_bucket",
+			Help: `If set, don't attempt to check the bucket exists or create it.
+
+This can be useful when trying to minimise the number of transactions
+rclone does if you know the bucket exists already.
+`,
+			Default:  false,
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name: "decompress",
+			Help: `If set this will decompress gzip encoded objects.
+
+It is possible to upload objects to GCS with "Content-Encoding: gzip"
+set. Normally rclone will download these files as compressed objects.
+
+If this flag is set then rclone will decompress these files with
+"Content-Encoding: gzip" as they are received. This means that rclone
+can't check the size and hash but the file contents will be decompressed.
+`,
+			Advanced: true,
+			Default:  false,
+		}, {
+			Name:     "endpoint",
+			Help:     "Endpoint for the service.\n\nLeave blank normally.",
+			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
 			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
@@ -255,6 +331,17 @@ Docs: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/bucket-policy-only
 			Default: (encoder.Base |
 				encoder.EncodeCrLf |
 				encoder.EncodeInvalidUtf8),
+		}, {
+			Name:    "env_auth",
+			Help:    "Get GCP IAM credentials from runtime (environment variables or instance meta data if no env vars).\n\nOnly applies if service_account_file and service_account_credentials is blank.",
+			Default: false,
+			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
+				Value: "false",
+				Help:  "Enter credentials in the next step.",
+			}, {
+				Value: "true",
+				Help:  "Get GCP IAM credentials from the environment (env vars or IAM).",
+			}},
 		}}...),
 	})
 }
@@ -270,21 +357,26 @@ type Options struct {
 	BucketPolicyOnly          bool                 `config:"bucket_policy_only"`
 	Location                  string               `config:"location"`
 	StorageClass              string               `config:"storage_class"`
+	NoCheckBucket             bool                 `config:"no_check_bucket"`
+	Decompress                bool                 `config:"decompress"`
+	Endpoint                  string               `config:"endpoint"`
 	Enc                       encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
+	EnvAuth                   bool                 `config:"env_auth"`
 }
 
 // Fs represents a remote storage server
 type Fs struct {
-	name          string           // name of this remote
-	root          string           // the path we are working on if any
-	opt           Options          // parsed options
-	features      *fs.Features     // optional features
-	svc           *storage.Service // the connection to the storage server
-	client        *http.Client     // authorized client
-	rootBucket    string           // bucket part of root (if any)
-	rootDirectory string           // directory part of root (if any)
-	cache         *bucket.Cache    // cache of bucket status
-	pacer         *fs.Pacer        // To pace the API calls
+	name           string           // name of this remote
+	root           string           // the path we are working on if any
+	opt            Options          // parsed options
+	features       *fs.Features     // optional features
+	svc            *storage.Service // the connection to the storage server
+	client         *http.Client     // authorized client
+	rootBucket     string           // bucket part of root (if any)
+	rootDirectory  string           // directory part of root (if any)
+	cache          *bucket.Cache    // cache of bucket status
+	pacer          *fs.Pacer        // To pace the API calls
+	warnCompressed sync.Once        // warn once about compressed files
 }
 
 // Object describes a storage object
@@ -298,6 +390,7 @@ type Object struct {
 	bytes    int64     // Bytes in the object
 	modTime  time.Time // Modified time of the object
 	mimeType string
+	gzipped  bool // set if object has Content-Encoding: gzip
 }
 
 // ------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -315,7 +408,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Root() string {
 // String converts this Fs to a string
 func (f *Fs) String() string {
 	if f.rootBucket == "" {
-		return fmt.Sprintf("GCS root")
+		return "GCS root"
 	}
 	if f.rootDirectory == "" {
 		return fmt.Sprintf("GCS bucket %s", f.rootBucket)
@@ -376,7 +469,7 @@ func (o *Object) split() (bucket, bucketPath string) {
 func getServiceAccountClient(ctx context.Context, credentialsData []byte) (*http.Client, error) {
 	conf, err := google.JWTConfigFromJSON(credentialsData, storageConfig.Scopes...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error processing credentials")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error processing credentials: %w", err)
 	}
 	ctxWithSpecialClient := oauthutil.Context(ctx, fshttp.NewClient(ctx))
 	return oauth2.NewClient(ctxWithSpecialClient, conf.TokenSource(ctxWithSpecialClient)), nil
@@ -407,9 +500,9 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 
 	// try loading service account credentials from env variable, then from a file
 	if opt.ServiceAccountCredentials == "" && opt.ServiceAccountFile != "" {
-		loadedCreds, err := ioutil.ReadFile(env.ShellExpand(opt.ServiceAccountFile))
+		loadedCreds, err := os.ReadFile(env.ShellExpand(opt.ServiceAccountFile))
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "error opening service account credentials file")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error opening service account credentials file: %w", err)
 		}
 		opt.ServiceAccountCredentials = string(loadedCreds)
 	}
@@ -418,7 +511,12 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	} else if opt.ServiceAccountCredentials != "" {
 		oAuthClient, err = getServiceAccountClient(ctx, []byte(opt.ServiceAccountCredentials))
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed configuring Google Cloud Storage Service Account")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed configuring Google Cloud Storage Service Account: %w", err)
+		}
+	} else if opt.EnvAuth {
+		oAuthClient, err = google.DefaultClient(ctx, storage.DevstorageFullControlScope)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure Google Cloud Storage: %w", err)
 		}
 	} else {
 		oAuthClient, _, err = oauthutil.NewClient(ctx, name, m, storageConfig)
@@ -426,7 +524,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 			ctx := context.Background()
 			oAuthClient, err = google.DefaultClient(ctx, storage.DevstorageFullControlScope)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to configure Google Cloud Storage")
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure Google Cloud Storage: %w", err)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -435,7 +533,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		name:  name,
 		root:  root,
 		opt:   *opt,
-		pacer: fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewGoogleDrive(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep))),
+		pacer: fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewS3(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep))),
 		cache: bucket.NewCache(),
 	}
 	f.setRoot(root)
@@ -448,9 +546,13 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 
 	// Create a new authorized Drive client.
 	f.client = oAuthClient
-	f.svc, err = storage.New(f.client)
+	gcsOpts := []option.ClientOption{option.WithHTTPClient(f.client)}
+	if opt.Endpoint != "" {
+		gcsOpts = append(gcsOpts, option.WithEndpoint(opt.Endpoint))
+	}
+	f.svc, err = storage.NewService(context.Background(), gcsOpts...)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't create Google Cloud Storage client")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't create Google Cloud Storage client: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	if f.rootBucket != "" && f.rootDirectory != "" {
@@ -505,7 +607,7 @@ type listFn func(remote string, object *storage.Object, isDirectory bool) error
 //
 // dir is the starting directory, "" for root
 //
-// Set recurse to read sub directories
+// Set recurse to read sub directories.
 //
 // The remote has prefix removed from it and if addBucket is set
 // then it adds the bucket to the start.
@@ -723,7 +825,7 @@ func (f *Fs) ListR(ctx context.Context, dir string, callback fs.ListRCallback) (
 
 // Put the object into the bucket
 //
-// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned
+// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned.
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
@@ -760,10 +862,10 @@ func (f *Fs) makeBucket(ctx context.Context, bucket string) (err error) {
 			return nil
 		} else if gErr, ok := err.(*googleapi.Error); ok {
 			if gErr.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
-				return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get bucket")
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to get bucket: %w", err)
 			}
 		} else {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to get bucket")
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to get bucket: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		if f.opt.ProjectNumber == "" {
@@ -793,6 +895,14 @@ func (f *Fs) makeBucket(ctx context.Context, bucket string) (err error) {
 	}, nil)
 }
 
+// checkBucket creates the bucket if it doesn't exist unless NoCheckBucket is true
+func (f *Fs) checkBucket(ctx context.Context, bucket string) error {
+	if f.opt.NoCheckBucket {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return f.makeBucket(ctx, bucket)
+}
+
 // Rmdir deletes the bucket if the fs is at the root
 //
 // Returns an error if it isn't empty: Error 409: The bucket you tried
@@ -817,16 +927,16 @@ func (f *Fs) Precision() time.Duration {
 
 // Copy src to this remote using server-side copy operations.
 //
-// This is stored with the remote path given
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
 //
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
 //
 // Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
 //
 // If it isn't possible then return fs.ErrorCantCopy
 func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
 	dstBucket, dstPath := f.split(remote)
-	err := f.makeBucket(ctx, dstBucket)
+	err := f.checkBucket(ctx, dstBucket)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -910,6 +1020,7 @@ func (o *Object) setMetaData(info *storage.Object) {
 	o.url = info.MediaLink
 	o.bytes = int64(info.Size)
 	o.mimeType = info.ContentType
+	o.gzipped = info.ContentEncoding == "gzip"
 
 	// Read md5sum
 	md5sumData, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(info.Md5Hash)
@@ -922,7 +1033,7 @@ func (o *Object) setMetaData(info *storage.Object) {
 	// read mtime out of metadata if available
 	mtimeString, ok := info.Metadata[metaMtime]
 	if ok {
-		modTime, err := time.Parse(timeFormatIn, mtimeString)
+		modTime, err := time.Parse(timeFormat, mtimeString)
 		if err == nil {
 			o.modTime = modTime
 			return
@@ -930,13 +1041,30 @@ func (o *Object) setMetaData(info *storage.Object) {
 		fs.Debugf(o, "Failed to read mtime from metadata: %s", err)
 	}
 
+	// Fallback to GSUtil mtime
+	mtimeGsutilString, ok := info.Metadata[metaMtimeGsutil]
+	if ok {
+		unixTimeSec, err := strconv.ParseInt(mtimeGsutilString, 10, 64)
+		if err == nil {
+			o.modTime = time.Unix(unixTimeSec, 0)
+			return
+		}
+		fs.Debugf(o, "Failed to read GSUtil mtime from metadata: %s", err)
+	}
+
 	// Fallback to the Updated time
-	modTime, err := time.Parse(timeFormatIn, info.Updated)
+	modTime, err := time.Parse(timeFormat, info.Updated)
 	if err != nil {
 		fs.Logf(o, "Bad time decode: %v", err)
 	} else {
 		o.modTime = modTime
 	}
+
+	// If gunzipping then size and md5sum are unknown
+	if o.gzipped && o.fs.opt.Decompress {
+		o.bytes = -1
+		o.md5sum = ""
+	}
 }
 
 // readObjectInfo reads the definition for an object
@@ -988,7 +1116,8 @@ func (o *Object) ModTime(ctx context.Context) time.Time {
 // Returns metadata for an object
 func metadataFromModTime(modTime time.Time) map[string]string {
 	metadata := make(map[string]string, 1)
-	metadata[metaMtime] = modTime.Format(timeFormatOut)
+	metadata[metaMtime] = modTime.Format(timeFormat)
+	metadata[metaMtimeGsutil] = strconv.FormatInt(modTime.Unix(), 10)
 	return metadata
 }
 
@@ -1000,11 +1129,11 @@ func (o *Object) SetModTime(ctx context.Context, modTime time.Time) (err error)
 		return err
 	}
 	// Add the mtime to the existing metadata
-	mtime := modTime.Format(timeFormatOut)
 	if object.Metadata == nil {
 		object.Metadata = make(map[string]string, 1)
 	}
-	object.Metadata[metaMtime] = mtime
+	object.Metadata[metaMtime] = modTime.Format(timeFormat)
+	object.Metadata[metaMtimeGsutil] = strconv.FormatInt(modTime.Unix(), 10)
 	// Copy the object to itself to update the metadata
 	// Using PATCH requires too many permissions
 	bucket, bucketPath := o.split()
@@ -1036,6 +1165,18 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	fs.FixRangeOption(options, o.bytes)
+	if o.gzipped && !o.fs.opt.Decompress {
+		// Allow files which are stored on the cloud storage system
+		// compressed to be downloaded without being decompressed.  Note
+		// that setting this here overrides the automatic decompression
+		// in the Transport.
+		//
+		// See: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/transcoding
+		req.Header.Set("Accept-Encoding", "gzip")
+		o.fs.warnCompressed.Do(func() {
+			fs.Logf(o, "Not decompressing 'Content-Encoding: gzip' compressed file. Use --gcs-decompress to override")
+		})
+	}
 	fs.OpenOptionAddHTTPHeaders(req.Header, options)
 	var res *http.Response
 	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
@@ -1054,7 +1195,7 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 	_, isRanging := req.Header["Range"]
 	if !(res.StatusCode == http.StatusOK || (isRanging && res.StatusCode == http.StatusPartialContent)) {
 		_ = res.Body.Close() // ignore error
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("bad response: %d: %s", res.StatusCode, res.Status)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad response: %d: %s", res.StatusCode, res.Status)
 	}
 	return res.Body, nil
 }
@@ -1064,7 +1205,7 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) error {
 	bucket, bucketPath := o.split()
-	err := o.fs.makeBucket(ctx, bucket)
+	err := o.fs.checkBucket(ctx, bucket)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

backend/googlephotos/api/types.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+// Package api provides types used by the Google Photos API.
 package api
 
 import (

backend/googlephotos/googlephotos.go

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ package googlephotos
 import (
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
-	golog "log"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"path"
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/googlephotos/api"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configstruct"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/obscure"
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fshttp"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/log"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/oauthutil"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pacer"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest"
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ const (
 	minSleep                    = 10 * time.Millisecond
 	scopeReadOnly               = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/photoslibrary.readonly"
 	scopeReadWrite              = "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/photoslibrary"
+	scopeAccess                 = 2 // position of access scope in list
 )
 
 var (
@@ -62,12 +64,12 @@ var (
 		Scopes: []string{
 			"openid",
 			"profile",
-			scopeReadWrite,
+			scopeReadWrite, // this must be at position scopeAccess
 		},
 		Endpoint:     google.Endpoint,
 		ClientID:     rcloneClientID,
 		ClientSecret: obscure.MustReveal(rcloneEncryptedClientSecret),
-		RedirectURL:  oauthutil.TitleBarRedirectURL,
+		RedirectURL:  oauthutil.RedirectURL,
 	}
 )
 
@@ -78,36 +80,36 @@ func init() {
 		Prefix:      "gphotos",
 		Description: "Google Photos",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
-		Config: func(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper) {
+		Config: func(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper, config fs.ConfigIn) (*fs.ConfigOut, error) {
 			// Parse config into Options struct
 			opt := new(Options)
 			err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
 			if err != nil {
-				fs.Errorf(nil, "Couldn't parse config into struct: %v", err)
-				return
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't parse config into struct: %w", err)
 			}
 
-			// Fill in the scopes
-			if opt.ReadOnly {
-				oauthConfig.Scopes[0] = scopeReadOnly
-			} else {
-				oauthConfig.Scopes[0] = scopeReadWrite
+			switch config.State {
+			case "":
+				// Fill in the scopes
+				if opt.ReadOnly {
+					oauthConfig.Scopes[scopeAccess] = scopeReadOnly
+				} else {
+					oauthConfig.Scopes[scopeAccess] = scopeReadWrite
+				}
+				return oauthutil.ConfigOut("warning", &oauthutil.Options{
+					OAuth2Config: oauthConfig,
+				})
+			case "warning":
+				// Warn the user as required by google photos integration
+				return fs.ConfigConfirm("warning_done", true, "config_warning", `Warning
+
+IMPORTANT: All media items uploaded to Google Photos with rclone
+are stored in full resolution at original quality.  These uploads
+will count towards storage in your Google Account.`)
+			case "warning_done":
+				return nil, nil
 			}
-
-			// Do the oauth
-			err = oauthutil.Config(ctx, "google photos", name, m, oauthConfig, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				golog.Fatalf("Failed to configure token: %v", err)
-			}
-
-			// Warn the user
-			fmt.Print(`
-*** IMPORTANT: All media items uploaded to Google Photos with rclone
-*** are stored in full resolution at original quality.  These uploads
-*** will count towards storage in your Google Account.
-
-`)
-
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown state %q", config.State)
 		},
 		Options: append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
 			Name:    "read_only",
@@ -130,14 +132,14 @@ you want to read the media.`,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "start_year",
 			Default:  2000,
-			Help:     `Year limits the photos to be downloaded to those which are uploaded after the given year`,
+			Help:     `Year limits the photos to be downloaded to those which are uploaded after the given year.`,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "include_archived",
 			Default: false,
 			Help: `Also view and download archived media.
 
-By default rclone does not request archived media. Thus, when syncing,
+By default, rclone does not request archived media. Thus, when syncing,
 archived media is not visible in directory listings or transferred.
 
 Note that media in albums is always visible and synced, no matter
@@ -149,16 +151,24 @@ listings and transferred.
 Without this flag, archived media will not be visible in directory
 listings and won't be transferred.`,
 			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
+			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
+			Advanced: true,
+			Default: (encoder.Base |
+				encoder.EncodeCrLf |
+				encoder.EncodeInvalidUtf8),
 		}}...),
 	})
 }
 
 // Options defines the configuration for this backend
 type Options struct {
-	ReadOnly        bool `config:"read_only"`
-	ReadSize        bool `config:"read_size"`
-	StartYear       int  `config:"start_year"`
-	IncludeArchived bool `config:"include_archived"`
+	ReadOnly        bool                 `config:"read_only"`
+	ReadSize        bool                 `config:"read_size"`
+	StartYear       int                  `config:"start_year"`
+	IncludeArchived bool                 `config:"include_archived"`
+	Enc             encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
 }
 
 // Fs represents a remote storage server
@@ -168,7 +178,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	opt        Options                // parsed options
 	features   *fs.Features           // optional features
 	unAuth     *rest.Client           // unauthenticated http client
-	srv        *rest.Client           // the connection to the one drive server
+	srv        *rest.Client           // the connection to the server
 	ts         *oauthutil.TokenSource // token source for oauth2
 	pacer      *fs.Pacer              // To pace the API calls
 	startTime  time.Time              // time Fs was started - used for datestamps
@@ -282,7 +292,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	baseClient := fshttp.NewClient(ctx)
 	oAuthClient, ts, err := oauthutil.NewClientWithBaseClient(ctx, name, m, oauthConfig, baseClient)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to configure Box")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure Box: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	root = strings.Trim(path.Clean(root), "/")
@@ -335,13 +345,13 @@ func (f *Fs) fetchEndpoint(ctx context.Context, name string) (endpoint string, e
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't read openID config")
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("couldn't read openID config: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Find userinfo endpoint
 	endpoint, ok := openIDconfig[name].(string)
 	if !ok {
-		return "", errors.Errorf("couldn't find %q from openID config", name)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("couldn't find %q from openID config", name)
 	}
 
 	return endpoint, nil
@@ -364,7 +374,7 @@ func (f *Fs) UserInfo(ctx context.Context) (userInfo map[string]string, err erro
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't read user info")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't read user info: %w", err)
 	}
 	return userInfo, nil
 }
@@ -395,7 +405,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Disconnect(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't revoke token")
+		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't revoke token: %w", err)
 	}
 	fs.Infof(f, "res = %+v", res)
 	return nil
@@ -482,7 +492,7 @@ func (f *Fs) listAlbums(ctx context.Context, shared bool) (all *albums, err erro
 			return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't list albums")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't list albums: %w", err)
 		}
 		newAlbums := result.Albums
 		if shared {
@@ -496,7 +506,9 @@ func (f *Fs) listAlbums(ctx context.Context, shared bool) (all *albums, err erro
 			lastID = newAlbums[len(newAlbums)-1].ID
 		}
 		for i := range newAlbums {
-			all.add(&newAlbums[i])
+			anAlbum := newAlbums[i]
+			anAlbum.Title = f.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(anAlbum.Title)
+			all.add(&anAlbum)
 		}
 		if result.NextPageToken == "" {
 			break
@@ -537,7 +549,7 @@ func (f *Fs) list(ctx context.Context, filter api.SearchFilter, fn listFn) (err
 			return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't list files")
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't list files: %w", err)
 		}
 		items := result.MediaItems
 		if len(items) > 0 && items[0].ID == lastID {
@@ -550,7 +562,7 @@ func (f *Fs) list(ctx context.Context, filter api.SearchFilter, fn listFn) (err
 		for i := range items {
 			item := &result.MediaItems[i]
 			remote := item.Filename
-			remote = strings.Replace(remote, "/", "／", -1)
+			remote = strings.ReplaceAll(remote, "/", "／")
 			err = fn(remote, item, false)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -649,7 +661,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 
 // Put the object into the bucket
 //
-// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned
+// Copy the reader in to the new object which is returned.
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
 func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
@@ -681,7 +693,7 @@ func (f *Fs) createAlbum(ctx context.Context, albumTitle string) (album *api.Alb
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't create album")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't create album: %w", err)
 	}
 	f.albums[false].add(&result)
 	return &result, nil
@@ -867,7 +879,7 @@ func (o *Object) readMetaData(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 			return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't get media item")
+			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't get media item: %w", err)
 		}
 		o.setMetaData(&item)
 		return nil
@@ -1002,7 +1014,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't upload file")
+		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't upload file: %w", err)
 	}
 	uploadToken := strings.TrimSpace(string(token))
 	if uploadToken == "" {
@@ -1030,14 +1042,14 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to create media item")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create media item: %w", err)
 	}
 	if len(result.NewMediaItemResults) != 1 {
 		return errors.New("bad response to BatchCreate wrong number of items")
 	}
 	mediaItemResult := result.NewMediaItemResults[0]
 	if mediaItemResult.Status.Code != 0 {
-		return errors.Errorf("upload failed: %s (%d)", mediaItemResult.Status.Message, mediaItemResult.Status.Code)
+		return fmt.Errorf("upload failed: %s (%d)", mediaItemResult.Status.Message, mediaItemResult.Status.Code)
 	}
 	o.setMetaData(&mediaItemResult.MediaItem)
 
@@ -1059,7 +1071,7 @@ func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	albumTitle, fileName := match[1], match[2]
 	album, ok := o.fs.albums[false].get(albumTitle)
 	if !ok {
-		return errors.Errorf("couldn't file %q in album %q for delete", fileName, albumTitle)
+		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't file %q in album %q for delete", fileName, albumTitle)
 	}
 	opts := rest.Opts{
 		Method:     "POST",
@@ -1075,7 +1087,7 @@ func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "couldn't delete item from album")
+		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't delete item from album: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }

backend/googlephotos/googlephotos_test.go

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ package googlephotos
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/ioutil"
+	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"path"
 	"testing"
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/local"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/random"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -37,7 +36,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	f, err := fs.NewFs(ctx, *fstest.RemoteName)
 	if err == fs.ErrorNotFoundInConfigFile {
-		t.Skip(fmt.Sprintf("Couldn't create google photos backend - skipping tests: %v", err))
+		t.Skipf("Couldn't create google photos backend - skipping tests: %v", err)
 	}
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
@@ -56,7 +55,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			in, err := srcObj.Open(ctx)
 			require.NoError(t, err)
-			dstObj, err := f.Put(ctx, in, operations.NewOverrideRemote(srcObj, remote))
+			dstObj, err := f.Put(ctx, in, fs.NewOverrideRemote(srcObj, remote))
 			require.NoError(t, err)
 			assert.Equal(t, remote, dstObj.Remote())
 			_ = in.Close()
@@ -99,7 +98,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 			t.Run("ObjectOpen", func(t *testing.T) {
 				in, err := dstObj.Open(ctx)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
-				buf, err := ioutil.ReadAll(in)
+				buf, err := io.ReadAll(in)
 				require.NoError(t, err)
 				require.NoError(t, in.Close())
 				assert.True(t, len(buf) > 1000)
@@ -221,7 +220,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		in, err := srcObj.Open(ctx)
 		require.NoError(t, err)
-		dstObj, err := f.Put(ctx, in, operations.NewOverrideRemote(srcObj, remote))
+		dstObj, err := f.Put(ctx, in, fs.NewOverrideRemote(srcObj, remote))
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, remote, dstObj.Remote())
 		_ = in.Close()

backend/googlephotos/pattern.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/googlephotos/api"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 )
@@ -270,7 +269,7 @@ func days(ctx context.Context, f lister, prefix string, match []string) (entries
 	year := match[1]
 	current, err := time.Parse("2006", year)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("bad year %q", match[1])
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad year %q", match[1])
 	}
 	currentYear := current.Year()
 	for current.Year() == currentYear {
@@ -284,7 +283,7 @@ func days(ctx context.Context, f lister, prefix string, match []string) (entries
 func yearMonthDayFilter(ctx context.Context, f lister, match []string) (sf api.SearchFilter, err error) {
 	year, err := strconv.Atoi(match[1])
 	if err != nil || year < 1000 || year > 3000 {
-		return sf, errors.Errorf("bad year %q", match[1])
+		return sf, fmt.Errorf("bad year %q", match[1])
 	}
 	sf = api.SearchFilter{
 		Filters: &api.Filters{
@@ -300,14 +299,14 @@ func yearMonthDayFilter(ctx context.Context, f lister, match []string) (sf api.S
 	if len(match) >= 3 {
 		month, err := strconv.Atoi(match[2])
 		if err != nil || month < 1 || month > 12 {
-			return sf, errors.Errorf("bad month %q", match[2])
+			return sf, fmt.Errorf("bad month %q", match[2])
 		}
 		sf.Filters.DateFilter.Dates[0].Month = month
 	}
 	if len(match) >= 4 {
 		day, err := strconv.Atoi(match[3])
 		if err != nil || day < 1 || day > 31 {
-			return sf, errors.Errorf("bad day %q", match[3])
+			return sf, fmt.Errorf("bad day %q", match[3])
 		}
 		sf.Filters.DateFilter.Dates[0].Day = day
 	}
@@ -316,7 +315,7 @@ func yearMonthDayFilter(ctx context.Context, f lister, match []string) (sf api.S
 
 // featureFilter creates a filter for the Feature enum
 //
-// The API only supports one feature, FAVORITES, so hardcode that feature
+// The API only supports one feature, FAVORITES, so hardcode that feature.
 //
 // https://developers.google.com/photos/library/reference/rest/v1/mediaItems/search#FeatureFilter
 func featureFilter(ctx context.Context, f lister, match []string) (sf api.SearchFilter) {

backend/googlephotos/pattern_test.go

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ func (f *testLister) listAlbums(ctx context.Context, shared bool) (all *albums,
 
 // mock listUploads for testing
 func (f *testLister) listUploads(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
-	entries, _ = f.uploaded[dir]
+	entries = f.uploaded[dir]
 	return entries, nil
 }
 

backend/hasher/commands.go

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+package hasher
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/cache"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fspath"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/kv"
+)
+
+// Command the backend to run a named command
+//
+// The command run is name
+// args may be used to read arguments from
+// opts may be used to read optional arguments from
+//
+// The result should be capable of being JSON encoded
+// If it is a string or a []string it will be shown to the user
+// otherwise it will be JSON encoded and shown to the user like that
+func (f *Fs) Command(ctx context.Context, name string, arg []string, opt map[string]string) (out interface{}, err error) {
+	switch name {
+	case "drop":
+		return nil, f.db.Stop(true)
+	case "dump", "fulldump":
+		return nil, f.dbDump(ctx, name == "fulldump", "")
+	case "import", "stickyimport":
+		sticky := name == "stickyimport"
+		if len(arg) != 2 {
+			return nil, errors.New("please provide checksum type and path to sum file")
+		}
+		return nil, f.dbImport(ctx, arg[0], arg[1], sticky)
+	default:
+		return nil, fs.ErrorCommandNotFound
+	}
+}
+
+var commandHelp = []fs.CommandHelp{{
+	Name:  "drop",
+	Short: "Drop cache",
+	Long: `Completely drop checksum cache.
+Usage Example:
+    rclone backend drop hasher:
+`,
+}, {
+	Name:  "dump",
+	Short: "Dump the database",
+	Long:  "Dump cache records covered by the current remote",
+}, {
+	Name:  "fulldump",
+	Short: "Full dump of the database",
+	Long:  "Dump all cache records in the database",
+}, {
+	Name:  "import",
+	Short: "Import a SUM file",
+	Long: `Amend hash cache from a SUM file and bind checksums to files by size/time.
+Usage Example:
+    rclone backend import hasher:subdir md5 /path/to/sum.md5
+`,
+}, {
+	Name:  "stickyimport",
+	Short: "Perform fast import of a SUM file",
+	Long: `Fill hash cache from a SUM file without verifying file fingerprints.
+Usage Example:
+    rclone backend stickyimport hasher:subdir md5 remote:path/to/sum.md5
+`,
+}}
+
+func (f *Fs) dbDump(ctx context.Context, full bool, root string) error {
+	if root == "" {
+		remoteFs, err := cache.Get(ctx, f.opt.Remote)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		root = fspath.JoinRootPath(remoteFs.Root(), f.Root())
+	}
+	op := &kvDump{
+		full: full,
+		root: root,
+		path: f.db.Path(),
+		fs:   f,
+	}
+	err := f.db.Do(false, op)
+	if err == kv.ErrEmpty {
+		fs.Infof(op.path, "empty")
+		err = nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (f *Fs) dbImport(ctx context.Context, hashName, sumRemote string, sticky bool) error {
+	var hashType hash.Type
+	if err := hashType.Set(hashName); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if hashType == hash.None {
+		return errors.New("please provide a valid hash type")
+	}
+	if !f.suppHashes.Contains(hashType) {
+		return errors.New("unsupported hash type")
+	}
+	if !f.keepHashes.Contains(hashType) {
+		fs.Infof(nil, "Need not import hashes of this type")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	_, sumPath, err := fspath.SplitFs(sumRemote)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	sumFs, err := cache.Get(ctx, sumRemote)
+	switch err {
+	case fs.ErrorIsFile:
+		// ok
+	case nil:
+		return fmt.Errorf("not a file: %s", sumRemote)
+	default:
+		return err
+	}
+
+	sumObj, err := sumFs.NewObject(ctx, path.Base(sumPath))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cannot open sum file: %w", err)
+	}
+	hashes, err := operations.ParseSumFile(ctx, sumObj)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse sum file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if sticky {
+		rootPath := f.Fs.Root()
+		for remote, hashVal := range hashes {
+			key := path.Join(rootPath, remote)
+			hashSums := operations.HashSums{hashName: hashVal}
+			if err := f.putRawHashes(ctx, key, anyFingerprint, hashSums); err != nil {
+				fs.Errorf(nil, "%s: failed to import: %v", remote, err)
+			}
+		}
+		fs.Infof(nil, "Summary: %d checksum(s) imported", len(hashes))
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	const longImportThreshold = 100
+	if len(hashes) > longImportThreshold {
+		fs.Infof(nil, "Importing %d checksums. Please wait...", len(hashes))
+	}
+
+	doneCount := 0
+	err = operations.ListFn(ctx, f, func(obj fs.Object) {
+		remote := obj.Remote()
+		hash := hashes[remote]
+		hashes[remote] = "" // mark as handled
+		o, ok := obj.(*Object)
+		if ok && hash != "" {
+			if err := o.putHashes(ctx, hashMap{hashType: hash}); err != nil {
+				fs.Errorf(nil, "%s: failed to import: %v", remote, err)
+			}
+			accounting.Stats(ctx).NewCheckingTransfer(obj, "importing").Done(ctx, err)
+			doneCount++
+		}
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		fs.Errorf(nil, "Import failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	skipCount := 0
+	for remote, emptyOrDone := range hashes {
+		if emptyOrDone != "" {
+			fs.Infof(nil, "Skip vanished object: %s", remote)
+			skipCount++
+		}
+	}
+	fs.Infof(nil, "Summary: %d imported, %d skipped", doneCount, skipCount)
+	return err
+}

backend/hasher/hasher.go

@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+// Package hasher implements a checksum handling overlay backend
+package hasher
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/gob"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/cache"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configstruct"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fspath"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/kv"
+)
+
+// Register with Fs
+func init() {
+	fs.Register(&fs.RegInfo{
+		Name:        "hasher",
+		Description: "Better checksums for other remotes",
+		NewFs:       NewFs,
+		MetadataInfo: &fs.MetadataInfo{
+			Help: `Any metadata supported by the underlying remote is read and written.`,
+		},
+		CommandHelp: commandHelp,
+		Options: []fs.Option{{
+			Name:     "remote",
+			Required: true,
+			Help:     "Remote to cache checksums for (e.g. myRemote:path).",
+		}, {
+			Name:     "hashes",
+			Default:  fs.CommaSepList{"md5", "sha1"},
+			Advanced: false,
+			Help:     "Comma separated list of supported checksum types.",
+		}, {
+			Name:     "max_age",
+			Advanced: false,
+			Default:  fs.DurationOff,
+			Help:     "Maximum time to keep checksums in cache (0 = no cache, off = cache forever).",
+		}, {
+			Name:     "auto_size",
+			Advanced: true,
+			Default:  fs.SizeSuffix(0),
+			Help:     "Auto-update checksum for files smaller than this size (disabled by default).",
+		}},
+	})
+}
+
+// Options defines the configuration for this backend
+type Options struct {
+	Remote   string          `config:"remote"`
+	Hashes   fs.CommaSepList `config:"hashes"`
+	AutoSize fs.SizeSuffix   `config:"auto_size"`
+	MaxAge   fs.Duration     `config:"max_age"`
+}
+
+// Fs represents a wrapped fs.Fs
+type Fs struct {
+	fs.Fs
+	name     string
+	root     string
+	wrapper  fs.Fs
+	features *fs.Features
+	opt      *Options
+	db       *kv.DB
+	// fingerprinting
+	fpTime bool      // true if using time in fingerprints
+	fpHash hash.Type // hash type to use in fingerprints or None
+	// hash types triaged by groups
+	suppHashes hash.Set // all supported checksum types
+	passHashes hash.Set // passed directly to the base without caching
+	slowHashes hash.Set // passed to the base and then cached
+	autoHashes hash.Set // calculated in-house and cached
+	keepHashes hash.Set // checksums to keep in cache (slow + auto)
+}
+
+var warnExperimental sync.Once
+
+// NewFs constructs an Fs from the remote:path string
+func NewFs(ctx context.Context, fsname, rpath string, cmap configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
+	if !kv.Supported() {
+		return nil, errors.New("hasher is not supported on this OS")
+	}
+	warnExperimental.Do(func() {
+		fs.Infof(nil, "Hasher is EXPERIMENTAL!")
+	})
+
+	opt := &Options{}
+	err := configstruct.Set(cmap, opt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if strings.HasPrefix(opt.Remote, fsname+":") {
+		return nil, errors.New("can't point remote at itself")
+	}
+	remotePath := fspath.JoinRootPath(opt.Remote, rpath)
+	baseFs, err := cache.Get(ctx, remotePath)
+	if err != nil && err != fs.ErrorIsFile {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to derive base remote %q: %w", opt.Remote, err)
+	}
+
+	f := &Fs{
+		Fs:   baseFs,
+		name: fsname,
+		root: rpath,
+		opt:  opt,
+	}
+	baseFeatures := baseFs.Features()
+	f.fpTime = baseFs.Precision() != fs.ModTimeNotSupported
+
+	if baseFeatures.SlowHash {
+		f.slowHashes = f.Fs.Hashes()
+	} else {
+		f.passHashes = f.Fs.Hashes()
+		f.fpHash = f.passHashes.GetOne()
+	}
+
+	f.suppHashes = f.passHashes
+	f.suppHashes.Add(f.slowHashes.Array()...)
+
+	for _, hashName := range opt.Hashes {
+		var ht hash.Type
+		if err := ht.Set(hashName); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid token %q in hash string %q", hashName, opt.Hashes.String())
+		}
+		if !f.slowHashes.Contains(ht) {
+			f.autoHashes.Add(ht)
+		}
+		f.keepHashes.Add(ht)
+		f.suppHashes.Add(ht)
+	}
+
+	fs.Debugf(f, "Groups by usage: cached %s, passed %s, auto %s, slow %s, supported %s",
+		f.keepHashes, f.passHashes, f.autoHashes, f.slowHashes, f.suppHashes)
+
+	var nilSet hash.Set
+	if f.keepHashes == nilSet {
+		return nil, errors.New("configured hash_names have nothing to keep in cache")
+	}
+
+	if f.opt.MaxAge > 0 {
+		gob.Register(hashRecord{})
+		db, err := kv.Start(ctx, "hasher", f.Fs)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		f.db = db
+	}
+
+	stubFeatures := &fs.Features{
+		CanHaveEmptyDirectories: true,
+		IsLocal:                 true,
+		ReadMimeType:            true,
+		WriteMimeType:           true,
+		SetTier:                 true,
+		GetTier:                 true,
+		ReadMetadata:            true,
+		WriteMetadata:           true,
+		UserMetadata:            true,
+	}
+	f.features = stubFeatures.Fill(ctx, f).Mask(ctx, f.Fs).WrapsFs(f, f.Fs)
+
+	cache.PinUntilFinalized(f.Fs, f)
+	return f, err
+}
+
+//
+// Filesystem
+//
+
+// Name of the remote (as passed into NewFs)
+func (f *Fs) Name() string { return f.name }
+
+// Root of the remote (as passed into NewFs)
+func (f *Fs) Root() string { return f.root }
+
+// Features returns the optional features of this Fs
+func (f *Fs) Features() *fs.Features { return f.features }
+
+// Hashes returns the supported hash sets.
+func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set { return f.suppHashes }
+
+// String returns a description of the FS
+// The "hasher::" prefix is a distinctive feature.
+func (f *Fs) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("hasher::%s:%s", f.name, f.root)
+}
+
+// UnWrap returns the Fs that this Fs is wrapping
+func (f *Fs) UnWrap() fs.Fs { return f.Fs }
+
+// WrapFs returns the Fs that is wrapping this Fs
+func (f *Fs) WrapFs() fs.Fs { return f.wrapper }
+
+// SetWrapper sets the Fs that is wrapping this Fs
+func (f *Fs) SetWrapper(wrapper fs.Fs) { f.wrapper = wrapper }
+
+// Wrap base entries into hasher entries.
+func (f *Fs) wrapEntries(baseEntries fs.DirEntries) (hashEntries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
+	hashEntries = baseEntries[:0] // work inplace
+	for _, entry := range baseEntries {
+		switch x := entry.(type) {
+		case fs.Object:
+			obj, err := f.wrapObject(x, nil)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			hashEntries = append(hashEntries, obj)
+		default:
+			hashEntries = append(hashEntries, entry) // trash in - trash out
+		}
+	}
+	return hashEntries, nil
+}
+
+// List the objects and directories in dir into entries.
+func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
+	if entries, err = f.Fs.List(ctx, dir); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return f.wrapEntries(entries)
+}
+
+// ListR lists the objects and directories recursively into out.
+func (f *Fs) ListR(ctx context.Context, dir string, callback fs.ListRCallback) (err error) {
+	return f.Fs.Features().ListR(ctx, dir, func(baseEntries fs.DirEntries) error {
+		hashEntries, err := f.wrapEntries(baseEntries)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return callback(hashEntries)
+	})
+}
+
+// Purge a directory
+func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().Purge; do != nil {
+		if err := do(ctx, dir); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		err := f.db.Do(true, &kvPurge{
+			dir: path.Join(f.Fs.Root(), dir),
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			fs.Errorf(f, "Failed to purge some hashes: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return fs.ErrorCantPurge
+}
+
+// PutStream uploads to the remote path with undeterminate size.
+func (f *Fs) PutStream(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().PutStream; do != nil {
+		_ = f.pruneHash(src.Remote())
+		oResult, err := do(ctx, in, src, options...)
+		return f.wrapObject(oResult, err)
+	}
+	return nil, errors.New("PutStream not supported")
+}
+
+// PutUnchecked uploads the object, allowing duplicates.
+func (f *Fs) PutUnchecked(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().PutUnchecked; do != nil {
+		_ = f.pruneHash(src.Remote())
+		oResult, err := do(ctx, in, src, options...)
+		return f.wrapObject(oResult, err)
+	}
+	return nil, errors.New("PutUnchecked not supported")
+}
+
+// pruneHash deletes hash for a path
+func (f *Fs) pruneHash(remote string) error {
+	return f.db.Do(true, &kvPrune{
+		key: path.Join(f.Fs.Root(), remote),
+	})
+}
+
+// CleanUp the trash in the Fs
+func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().CleanUp; do != nil {
+		return do(ctx)
+	}
+	return errors.New("not supported by underlying remote")
+}
+
+// About gets quota information from the Fs
+func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (*fs.Usage, error) {
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().About; do != nil {
+		return do(ctx)
+	}
+	return nil, errors.New("not supported by underlying remote")
+}
+
+// ChangeNotify calls the passed function with a path that has had changes.
+func (f *Fs) ChangeNotify(ctx context.Context, notifyFunc func(string, fs.EntryType), pollIntervalChan <-chan time.Duration) {
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().ChangeNotify; do != nil {
+		do(ctx, notifyFunc, pollIntervalChan)
+	}
+}
+
+// UserInfo returns info about the connected user
+func (f *Fs) UserInfo(ctx context.Context) (map[string]string, error) {
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().UserInfo; do != nil {
+		return do(ctx)
+	}
+	return nil, fs.ErrorNotImplemented
+}
+
+// Disconnect the current user
+func (f *Fs) Disconnect(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().Disconnect; do != nil {
+		return do(ctx)
+	}
+	return fs.ErrorNotImplemented
+}
+
+// MergeDirs merges the contents of all the directories passed
+// in into the first one and rmdirs the other directories.
+func (f *Fs) MergeDirs(ctx context.Context, dirs []fs.Directory) error {
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().MergeDirs; do != nil {
+		return do(ctx, dirs)
+	}
+	return errors.New("MergeDirs not supported")
+}
+
+// DirCacheFlush resets the directory cache - used in testing
+// as an optional interface
+func (f *Fs) DirCacheFlush() {
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().DirCacheFlush; do != nil {
+		do()
+	}
+}
+
+// PublicLink generates a public link to the remote path (usually readable by anyone)
+func (f *Fs) PublicLink(ctx context.Context, remote string, expire fs.Duration, unlink bool) (string, error) {
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().PublicLink; do != nil {
+		return do(ctx, remote, expire, unlink)
+	}
+	return "", errors.New("PublicLink not supported")
+}
+
+// Copy src to this remote using server-side copy operations.
+func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
+	do := f.Fs.Features().Copy
+	if do == nil {
+		return nil, fs.ErrorCantCopy
+	}
+	o, ok := src.(*Object)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fs.ErrorCantCopy
+	}
+	oResult, err := do(ctx, o.Object, remote)
+	return f.wrapObject(oResult, err)
+}
+
+// Move src to this remote using server-side move operations.
+func (f *Fs) Move(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
+	do := f.Fs.Features().Move
+	if do == nil {
+		return nil, fs.ErrorCantMove
+	}
+	o, ok := src.(*Object)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, fs.ErrorCantMove
+	}
+	oResult, err := do(ctx, o.Object, remote)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	_ = f.db.Do(true, &kvMove{
+		src: path.Join(f.Fs.Root(), src.Remote()),
+		dst: path.Join(f.Fs.Root(), remote),
+		dir: false,
+		fs:  f,
+	})
+	return f.wrapObject(oResult, nil)
+}
+
+// DirMove moves src, srcRemote to this remote at dstRemote using server-side move operations.
+func (f *Fs) DirMove(ctx context.Context, src fs.Fs, srcRemote, dstRemote string) error {
+	do := f.Fs.Features().DirMove
+	if do == nil {
+		return fs.ErrorCantDirMove
+	}
+	srcFs, ok := src.(*Fs)
+	if !ok {
+		return fs.ErrorCantDirMove
+	}
+	err := do(ctx, srcFs.Fs, srcRemote, dstRemote)
+	if err == nil {
+		_ = f.db.Do(true, &kvMove{
+			src: path.Join(srcFs.Fs.Root(), srcRemote),
+			dst: path.Join(f.Fs.Root(), dstRemote),
+			dir: true,
+			fs:  f,
+		})
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// Shutdown the backend, closing any background tasks and any cached connections.
+func (f *Fs) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	err = f.db.Stop(false)
+	if do := f.Fs.Features().Shutdown; do != nil {
+		if err2 := do(ctx); err2 != nil {
+			err = err2
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// NewObject finds the Object at remote.
+func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
+	o, err := f.Fs.NewObject(ctx, remote)
+	return f.wrapObject(o, err)
+}
+
+//
+// Object
+//
+
+// Object represents a composite file wrapping one or more data chunks
+type Object struct {
+	fs.Object
+	f *Fs
+}
+
+// Wrap base object into hasher object
+func (f *Fs) wrapObject(o fs.Object, err error) (obj fs.Object, outErr error) {
+	// log.Trace(o, "err=%v", err)("obj=%#v, outErr=%v", &obj, &outErr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if o == nil {
+		return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
+	}
+	return &Object{Object: o, f: f}, nil
+}
+
+// Fs returns read only access to the Fs that this object is part of
+func (o *Object) Fs() fs.Info { return o.f }
+
+// UnWrap returns the wrapped Object
+func (o *Object) UnWrap() fs.Object { return o.Object }
+
+// Return a string version
+func (o *Object) String() string {
+	if o == nil {
+		return "<nil>"
+	}
+	return o.Object.String()
+}
+
+// ID returns the ID of the Object if possible
+func (o *Object) ID() string {
+	if doer, ok := o.Object.(fs.IDer); ok {
+		return doer.ID()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// GetTier returns the Tier of the Object if possible
+func (o *Object) GetTier() string {
+	if doer, ok := o.Object.(fs.GetTierer); ok {
+		return doer.GetTier()
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// SetTier set the Tier of the Object if possible
+func (o *Object) SetTier(tier string) error {
+	if doer, ok := o.Object.(fs.SetTierer); ok {
+		return doer.SetTier(tier)
+	}
+	return errors.New("SetTier not supported")
+}
+
+// MimeType of an Object if known, "" otherwise
+func (o *Object) MimeType(ctx context.Context) string {
+	if doer, ok := o.Object.(fs.MimeTyper); ok {
+		return doer.MimeType(ctx)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// Metadata returns metadata for an object
+//
+// It should return nil if there is no Metadata
+func (o *Object) Metadata(ctx context.Context) (fs.Metadata, error) {
+	do, ok := o.Object.(fs.Metadataer)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return do.Metadata(ctx)
+}
+
+// Check the interfaces are satisfied
+var (
+	_ fs.Fs              = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Purger          = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Copier          = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Mover           = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.DirMover        = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Commander       = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.PutUncheckeder  = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.PutStreamer     = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.CleanUpper      = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.UnWrapper       = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.ListRer         = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Abouter         = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Wrapper         = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.MergeDirser     = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.DirCacheFlusher = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.ChangeNotifier  = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.PublicLinker    = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.UserInfoer      = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Disconnecter    = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Shutdowner      = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.FullObject      = (*Object)(nil)
+)

backend/hasher/hasher_internal_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+package hasher
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/obscure"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/kv"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func putFile(ctx context.Context, t *testing.T, f fs.Fs, name, data string) fs.Object {
+	mtime1 := fstest.Time("2001-02-03T04:05:06.499999999Z")
+	item := fstest.Item{Path: name, ModTime: mtime1}
+	o := fstests.PutTestContents(ctx, t, f, &item, data, true)
+	require.NotNil(t, o)
+	return o
+}
+
+func (f *Fs) testUploadFromCrypt(t *testing.T) {
+	// make a temporary local remote
+	tempRoot, err := fstest.LocalRemote()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer func() {
+		_ = os.RemoveAll(tempRoot)
+	}()
+
+	// make a temporary crypt remote
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	pass := obscure.MustObscure("crypt")
+	remote := fmt.Sprintf(`:crypt,remote="%s",password="%s":`, tempRoot, pass)
+	cryptFs, err := fs.NewFs(ctx, remote)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// make a test file on the crypt remote
+	const dirName = "from_crypt_1"
+	const fileName = dirName + "/file_from_crypt_1"
+	const longTime = fs.ModTimeNotSupported
+	src := putFile(ctx, t, cryptFs, fileName, "doggy froggy")
+
+	// ensure that hash does not exist yet
+	_ = f.pruneHash(fileName)
+	hashType := f.keepHashes.GetOne()
+	hash, err := f.getRawHash(ctx, hashType, fileName, anyFingerprint, longTime)
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, hash)
+
+	// upload file to hasher
+	in, err := src.Open(ctx)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	dst, err := f.Put(ctx, in, src)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, dst)
+
+	// check that hash was created
+	hash, err = f.getRawHash(ctx, hashType, fileName, anyFingerprint, longTime)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, hash)
+	//t.Logf("hash is %q", hash)
+	_ = operations.Purge(ctx, f, dirName)
+}
+
+// InternalTest dispatches all internal tests
+func (f *Fs) InternalTest(t *testing.T) {
+	if !kv.Supported() {
+		t.Skip("hasher is not supported on this OS")
+	}
+	t.Run("UploadFromCrypt", f.testUploadFromCrypt)
+}
+
+var _ fstests.InternalTester = (*Fs)(nil)

backend/hasher/hasher_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package hasher_test
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/hasher"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/kv"
+
+	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/all" // for integration tests
+)
+
+// TestIntegration runs integration tests against the remote
+func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	if !kv.Supported() {
+		t.Skip("hasher is not supported on this OS")
+	}
+	opt := fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName: *fstest.RemoteName,
+		NilObject:  (*hasher.Object)(nil),
+		UnimplementableFsMethods: []string{
+			"OpenWriterAt",
+		},
+		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{},
+	}
+	if *fstest.RemoteName == "" {
+		tempDir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "rclone-hasher-test")
+		opt.ExtraConfig = []fstests.ExtraConfigItem{
+			{Name: "TestHasher", Key: "type", Value: "hasher"},
+			{Name: "TestHasher", Key: "remote", Value: tempDir},
+		}
+		opt.RemoteName = "TestHasher:"
+		opt.QuickTestOK = true
+	}
+	fstests.Run(t, &opt)
+}

backend/hasher/kv.go

@@ -0,0 +1,315 @@
+package hasher
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/gob"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/kv"
+)
+
+const (
+	timeFormat     = "2006-01-02T15:04:05.000000000-0700"
+	anyFingerprint = "*"
+)
+
+type hashMap map[hash.Type]string
+
+type hashRecord struct {
+	Fp      string // fingerprint
+	Hashes  operations.HashSums
+	Created time.Time
+}
+
+func (r *hashRecord) encode(key string) ([]byte, error) {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	if err := gob.NewEncoder(&buf).Encode(r); err != nil {
+		fs.Debugf(key, "hasher encoding %v: %v", r, err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return buf.Bytes(), nil
+}
+
+func (r *hashRecord) decode(key string, data []byte) error {
+	if err := gob.NewDecoder(bytes.NewBuffer(data)).Decode(r); err != nil {
+		fs.Debugf(key, "hasher decoding %q failed: %v", data, err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// kvPrune: prune a single hash
+type kvPrune struct {
+	key string
+}
+
+func (op *kvPrune) Do(ctx context.Context, b kv.Bucket) error {
+	return b.Delete([]byte(op.key))
+}
+
+// kvPurge: delete a subtree
+type kvPurge struct {
+	dir string
+}
+
+func (op *kvPurge) Do(ctx context.Context, b kv.Bucket) error {
+	dir := op.dir
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(dir, "/") {
+		dir += "/"
+	}
+	var items []string
+	cur := b.Cursor()
+	bkey, _ := cur.Seek([]byte(dir))
+	for bkey != nil {
+		key := string(bkey)
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(key, dir) {
+			break
+		}
+		items = append(items, key[len(dir):])
+		bkey, _ = cur.Next()
+	}
+	nerr := 0
+	for _, sub := range items {
+		if err := b.Delete([]byte(dir + sub)); err != nil {
+			nerr++
+		}
+	}
+	fs.Debugf(dir, "%d hashes purged, %d failed", len(items)-nerr, nerr)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// kvMove: assign hashes to new path
+type kvMove struct {
+	src string
+	dst string
+	dir bool
+	fs  *Fs
+}
+
+func (op *kvMove) Do(ctx context.Context, b kv.Bucket) error {
+	src, dst := op.src, op.dst
+	if !op.dir {
+		err := moveHash(b, src, dst)
+		fs.Debugf(op.fs, "moving cached hash %s to %s (err: %v)", src, dst, err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(src, "/") {
+		src += "/"
+	}
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(dst, "/") {
+		dst += "/"
+	}
+
+	var items []string
+	cur := b.Cursor()
+	bkey, _ := cur.Seek([]byte(src))
+	for bkey != nil {
+		key := string(bkey)
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(key, src) {
+			break
+		}
+		items = append(items, key[len(src):])
+		bkey, _ = cur.Next()
+	}
+
+	nerr := 0
+	for _, suffix := range items {
+		srcKey, dstKey := src+suffix, dst+suffix
+		err := moveHash(b, srcKey, dstKey)
+		fs.Debugf(op.fs, "Rename cache record %s -> %s (err: %v)", srcKey, dstKey, err)
+		if err != nil {
+			nerr++
+		}
+	}
+	fs.Debugf(op.fs, "%d hashes moved, %d failed", len(items)-nerr, nerr)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func moveHash(b kv.Bucket, src, dst string) error {
+	data := b.Get([]byte(src))
+	err := b.Delete([]byte(src))
+	if err != nil || len(data) == 0 {
+		return err
+	}
+	return b.Put([]byte(dst), data)
+}
+
+// kvGet: get single hash from database
+type kvGet struct {
+	key  string
+	fp   string
+	hash string
+	val  string
+	age  time.Duration
+}
+
+func (op *kvGet) Do(ctx context.Context, b kv.Bucket) error {
+	data := b.Get([]byte(op.key))
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return errors.New("no record")
+	}
+	var r hashRecord
+	if err := r.decode(op.key, data); err != nil {
+		return errors.New("invalid record")
+	}
+	if !(r.Fp == anyFingerprint || op.fp == anyFingerprint || r.Fp == op.fp) {
+		return errors.New("fingerprint changed")
+	}
+	if time.Since(r.Created) > op.age {
+		return errors.New("record timed out")
+	}
+	if r.Hashes != nil {
+		op.val = r.Hashes[op.hash]
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// kvPut: set hashes for an object by key
+type kvPut struct {
+	key    string
+	fp     string
+	hashes operations.HashSums
+	age    time.Duration
+}
+
+func (op *kvPut) Do(ctx context.Context, b kv.Bucket) (err error) {
+	data := b.Get([]byte(op.key))
+	var r hashRecord
+	if len(data) > 0 {
+		err = r.decode(op.key, data)
+		if err != nil || r.Fp != op.fp || time.Since(r.Created) > op.age {
+			r.Hashes = nil
+		}
+	}
+	if len(r.Hashes) == 0 {
+		r.Created = time.Now()
+		r.Hashes = operations.HashSums{}
+		r.Fp = op.fp
+	}
+
+	for hashType, hashVal := range op.hashes {
+		r.Hashes[hashType] = hashVal
+	}
+	if data, err = r.encode(op.key); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("marshal failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err = b.Put([]byte(op.key), data); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("put failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// kvDump: dump the database.
+// Note: long dump can cause concurrent operations to fail.
+type kvDump struct {
+	full  bool
+	root  string
+	path  string
+	fs    *Fs
+	num   int
+	total int
+}
+
+func (op *kvDump) Do(ctx context.Context, b kv.Bucket) error {
+	f, baseRoot, dbPath := op.fs, op.root, op.path
+
+	if op.full {
+		total := 0
+		num := 0
+		_ = b.ForEach(func(bkey, data []byte) error {
+			total++
+			key := string(bkey)
+			include := (baseRoot == "" || key == baseRoot || strings.HasPrefix(key, baseRoot+"/"))
+			var r hashRecord
+			if err := r.decode(key, data); err != nil {
+				fs.Errorf(nil, "%s: invalid record: %v", key, err)
+				return nil
+			}
+			fmt.Println(f.dumpLine(&r, key, include, nil))
+			if include {
+				num++
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+		fs.Infof(dbPath, "%d records out of %d", num, total)
+		op.num, op.total = num, total // for unit tests
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	num := 0
+	cur := b.Cursor()
+	var bkey, data []byte
+	if baseRoot != "" {
+		bkey, data = cur.Seek([]byte(baseRoot))
+	} else {
+		bkey, data = cur.First()
+	}
+	for bkey != nil {
+		key := string(bkey)
+		if !(baseRoot == "" || key == baseRoot || strings.HasPrefix(key, baseRoot+"/")) {
+			break
+		}
+		var r hashRecord
+		if err := r.decode(key, data); err != nil {
+			fs.Errorf(nil, "%s: invalid record: %v", key, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if key = strings.TrimPrefix(key[len(baseRoot):], "/"); key == "" {
+			key = "/"
+		}
+		fmt.Println(f.dumpLine(&r, key, true, nil))
+		num++
+		bkey, data = cur.Next()
+	}
+	fs.Infof(dbPath, "%d records", num)
+	op.num = num // for unit tests
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *Fs) dumpLine(r *hashRecord, path string, include bool, err error) string {
+	var status string
+	switch {
+	case !include:
+		status = "ext"
+	case err != nil:
+		status = "bad"
+	case r.Fp == anyFingerprint:
+		status = "stk"
+	default:
+		status = "ok "
+	}
+
+	var hashes []string
+	for _, hashType := range f.keepHashes.Array() {
+		hashName := hashType.String()
+		hashVal := r.Hashes[hashName]
+		if hashVal == "" || err != nil {
+			hashVal = "-"
+		}
+		hashVal = fmt.Sprintf("%-*s", hash.Width(hashType, false), hashVal)
+		hashes = append(hashes, hashName+":"+hashVal)
+	}
+	hashesStr := strings.Join(hashes, " ")
+
+	age := time.Since(r.Created).Round(time.Second)
+	if age > 24*time.Hour {
+		age = age.Round(time.Hour)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		age = 0
+	}
+	ageStr := age.String()
+	if strings.HasSuffix(ageStr, "h0m0s") {
+		ageStr = strings.TrimSuffix(ageStr, "0m0s")
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s %9s %s", status, hashesStr, ageStr, path)
+}

backend/hasher/object.go

@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+package hasher
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"path"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
+)
+
+// obtain hash for an object
+func (o *Object) getHash(ctx context.Context, hashType hash.Type) (string, error) {
+	maxAge := time.Duration(o.f.opt.MaxAge)
+	if maxAge <= 0 {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+	fp := o.fingerprint(ctx)
+	if fp == "" {
+		return "", errors.New("fingerprint failed")
+	}
+	return o.f.getRawHash(ctx, hashType, o.Remote(), fp, maxAge)
+}
+
+// obtain hash for a path
+func (f *Fs) getRawHash(ctx context.Context, hashType hash.Type, remote, fp string, age time.Duration) (string, error) {
+	key := path.Join(f.Fs.Root(), remote)
+	op := &kvGet{
+		key:  key,
+		fp:   fp,
+		hash: hashType.String(),
+		age:  age,
+	}
+	err := f.db.Do(false, op)
+	return op.val, err
+}
+
+// put new hashes for an object
+func (o *Object) putHashes(ctx context.Context, rawHashes hashMap) error {
+	if o.f.opt.MaxAge <= 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	fp := o.fingerprint(ctx)
+	if fp == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	key := path.Join(o.f.Fs.Root(), o.Remote())
+	hashes := operations.HashSums{}
+	for hashType, hashVal := range rawHashes {
+		hashes[hashType.String()] = hashVal
+	}
+	return o.f.putRawHashes(ctx, key, fp, hashes)
+}
+
+// set hashes for a path without any validation
+func (f *Fs) putRawHashes(ctx context.Context, key, fp string, hashes operations.HashSums) error {
+	return f.db.Do(true, &kvPut{
+		key:    key,
+		fp:     fp,
+		hashes: hashes,
+		age:    time.Duration(f.opt.MaxAge),
+	})
+}
+
+// Hash returns the selected checksum of the file or "" if unavailable.
+func (o *Object) Hash(ctx context.Context, hashType hash.Type) (hashVal string, err error) {
+	f := o.f
+	if f.passHashes.Contains(hashType) {
+		fs.Debugf(o, "pass %s", hashType)
+		return o.Object.Hash(ctx, hashType)
+	}
+	if !f.suppHashes.Contains(hashType) {
+		fs.Debugf(o, "unsupp %s", hashType)
+		return "", hash.ErrUnsupported
+	}
+	if hashVal, err = o.getHash(ctx, hashType); err != nil {
+		fs.Debugf(o, "getHash: %v", err)
+		err = nil
+		hashVal = ""
+	}
+	if hashVal != "" {
+		fs.Debugf(o, "cached %s = %q", hashType, hashVal)
+		return hashVal, nil
+	}
+	if f.slowHashes.Contains(hashType) {
+		fs.Debugf(o, "slow %s", hashType)
+		hashVal, err = o.Object.Hash(ctx, hashType)
+		if err == nil && hashVal != "" && f.keepHashes.Contains(hashType) {
+			if err = o.putHashes(ctx, hashMap{hashType: hashVal}); err != nil {
+				fs.Debugf(o, "putHashes: %v", err)
+				err = nil
+			}
+		}
+		return hashVal, err
+	}
+	if f.autoHashes.Contains(hashType) && o.Size() < int64(f.opt.AutoSize) {
+		_ = o.updateHashes(ctx)
+		if hashVal, err = o.getHash(ctx, hashType); err != nil {
+			fs.Debugf(o, "auto %s = %q (%v)", hashType, hashVal, err)
+			err = nil
+		}
+	}
+	return hashVal, err
+}
+
+// updateHashes performs implicit "rclone hashsum --download" and updates cache.
+func (o *Object) updateHashes(ctx context.Context) error {
+	r, err := o.Open(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		fs.Infof(o, "update failed (open): %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_ = r.Close()
+	}()
+	if _, err = io.Copy(io.Discard, r); err != nil {
+		fs.Infof(o, "update failed (copy): %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Update the object with the given data, time and size.
+func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) error {
+	_ = o.f.pruneHash(src.Remote())
+	return o.Object.Update(ctx, in, src, options...)
+}
+
+// Remove an object.
+func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) error {
+	_ = o.f.pruneHash(o.Remote())
+	return o.Object.Remove(ctx)
+}
+
+// SetModTime sets the modification time of the file.
+// Also prunes the cache entry when modtime changes so that
+// touching a file will trigger checksum recalculation even
+// on backends that don't provide modTime with fingerprint.
+func (o *Object) SetModTime(ctx context.Context, mtime time.Time) error {
+	if mtime != o.Object.ModTime(ctx) {
+		_ = o.f.pruneHash(o.Remote())
+	}
+	return o.Object.SetModTime(ctx, mtime)
+}
+
+// Open opens the file for read.
+// Full reads will also update object hashes.
+func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (r io.ReadCloser, err error) {
+	size := o.Size()
+	var offset, limit int64 = 0, -1
+	for _, option := range options {
+		switch opt := option.(type) {
+		case *fs.SeekOption:
+			offset = opt.Offset
+		case *fs.RangeOption:
+			offset, limit = opt.Decode(size)
+		}
+	}
+	if offset < 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("invalid offset")
+	}
+	if limit < 0 {
+		limit = size - offset
+	}
+	if r, err = o.Object.Open(ctx, options...); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if offset != 0 || limit < size {
+		// It's a partial read
+		return r, err
+	}
+	return o.f.newHashingReader(ctx, r, func(sums hashMap) {
+		if err := o.putHashes(ctx, sums); err != nil {
+			fs.Infof(o, "auto hashing error: %v", err)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// Put data into the remote path with given modTime and size
+func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
+	var (
+		o      fs.Object
+		common hash.Set
+		rehash bool
+		hashes hashMap
+	)
+	if fsrc := src.Fs(); fsrc != nil {
+		common = fsrc.Hashes().Overlap(f.keepHashes)
+		// Rehash if source does not have all required hashes or hashing is slow
+		rehash = fsrc.Features().SlowHash || common != f.keepHashes
+	}
+
+	wrapIn := in
+	if rehash {
+		r, err := f.newHashingReader(ctx, in, func(sums hashMap) {
+			hashes = sums
+		})
+		fs.Debugf(src, "Rehash in-fly due to incomplete or slow source set %v (err: %v)", common, err)
+		if err == nil {
+			wrapIn = r
+		} else {
+			rehash = false
+		}
+	}
+
+	_ = f.pruneHash(src.Remote())
+	oResult, err := f.Fs.Put(ctx, wrapIn, src, options...)
+	o, err = f.wrapObject(oResult, err)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if !rehash {
+		hashes = hashMap{}
+		for _, ht := range common.Array() {
+			if h, e := src.Hash(ctx, ht); e == nil && h != "" {
+				hashes[ht] = h
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(hashes) > 0 {
+		err := o.(*Object).putHashes(ctx, hashes)
+		fs.Debugf(o, "Applied %d source hashes, err: %v", len(hashes), err)
+	}
+	return o, err
+}
+
+type hashingReader struct {
+	rd     io.Reader
+	hasher *hash.MultiHasher
+	fun    func(hashMap)
+}
+
+func (f *Fs) newHashingReader(ctx context.Context, rd io.Reader, fun func(hashMap)) (*hashingReader, error) {
+	hasher, err := hash.NewMultiHasherTypes(f.keepHashes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	hr := &hashingReader{
+		rd:     rd,
+		hasher: hasher,
+		fun:    fun,
+	}
+	return hr, nil
+}
+
+func (r *hashingReader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n, err = r.rd.Read(p)
+	if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
+		r.hasher = nil
+	}
+	if r.hasher != nil {
+		if _, errHash := r.hasher.Write(p[:n]); errHash != nil {
+			r.hasher = nil
+			err = errHash
+		}
+	}
+	if err == io.EOF && r.hasher != nil {
+		r.fun(r.hasher.Sums())
+		r.hasher = nil
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (r *hashingReader) Close() error {
+	if rc, ok := r.rd.(io.ReadCloser); ok {
+		return rc.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Return object fingerprint or empty string in case of errors
+//
+// Note that we can't use the generic `fs.Fingerprint` here because
+// this fingerprint is used to pick _derived hashes_ that are slow
+// to calculate or completely unsupported by the base remote.
+//
+// The hasher fingerprint must be based on `fsHash`, the first _fast_
+// hash supported _by the underlying remote_ (if there is one),
+// while `fs.Fingerprint` would select a hash _produced by hasher_
+// creating unresolvable fingerprint loop.
+func (o *Object) fingerprint(ctx context.Context) string {
+	size := o.Object.Size()
+	timeStr := "-"
+	if o.f.fpTime {
+		timeStr = o.Object.ModTime(ctx).UTC().Format(timeFormat)
+		if timeStr == "" {
+			return ""
+		}
+	}
+	hashStr := "-"
+	if o.f.fpHash != hash.None {
+		var err error
+		hashStr, err = o.Object.Hash(ctx, o.f.fpHash)
+		if hashStr == "" || err != nil {
+			return ""
+		}
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d,%s,%s", size, timeStr, hashStr)
+}

backend/hdfs/fs.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build !plan9
 // +build !plan9
 
 package hdfs
@@ -91,7 +92,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	if opt.ServicePrincipalName != "" {
 		options.KerberosClient, err = getKerberosClient()
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("Problem with kerberos authentication: %s", err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("problem with kerberos authentication: %w", err)
 		}
 		options.KerberosServicePrincipleName = opt.ServicePrincipalName
 
@@ -262,6 +263,98 @@ func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 	return f.client.RemoveAll(realpath)
 }
 
+// Move src to this remote using server-side move operations.
+//
+// This is stored with the remote path given.
+//
+// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
+//
+// Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
+//
+// If it isn't possible then return fs.ErrorCantMove
+func (f *Fs) Move(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
+	srcObj, ok := src.(*Object)
+	if !ok {
+		fs.Debugf(src, "Can't move - not same remote type")
+		return nil, fs.ErrorCantMove
+	}
+
+	// Get the real paths from the remote specs:
+	sourcePath := srcObj.fs.realpath(srcObj.remote)
+	targetPath := f.realpath(remote)
+	fs.Debugf(f, "rename [%s] to [%s]", sourcePath, targetPath)
+
+	// Make sure the target folder exists:
+	dirname := path.Dir(targetPath)
+	err := f.client.MkdirAll(dirname, 0755)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Do the move
+	// Note that the underlying HDFS library hard-codes Overwrite=True, but this is expected rclone behaviour.
+	err = f.client.Rename(sourcePath, targetPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Look up the resulting object
+	info, err := f.client.Stat(targetPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// And return it:
+	return &Object{
+		fs:      f,
+		remote:  remote,
+		size:    info.Size(),
+		modTime: info.ModTime(),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// DirMove moves src, srcRemote to this remote at dstRemote
+// using server-side move operations.
+//
+// Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
+//
+// If it isn't possible then return fs.ErrorCantDirMove
+//
+// If destination exists then return fs.ErrorDirExists
+func (f *Fs) DirMove(ctx context.Context, src fs.Fs, srcRemote, dstRemote string) (err error) {
+	srcFs, ok := src.(*Fs)
+	if !ok {
+		return fs.ErrorCantDirMove
+	}
+
+	// Get the real paths from the remote specs:
+	sourcePath := srcFs.realpath(srcRemote)
+	targetPath := f.realpath(dstRemote)
+	fs.Debugf(f, "rename [%s] to [%s]", sourcePath, targetPath)
+
+	// Check if the destination exists:
+	info, err := f.client.Stat(targetPath)
+	if err == nil {
+		fs.Debugf(f, "target directory already exits, IsDir = [%t]", info.IsDir())
+		return fs.ErrorDirExists
+	}
+
+	// Make sure the targets parent folder exists:
+	dirname := path.Dir(targetPath)
+	err = f.client.MkdirAll(dirname, 0755)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Do the move
+	err = f.client.Rename(sourcePath, targetPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // About gets quota information from the Fs
 func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (*fs.Usage, error) {
 	info, err := f.client.StatFs()
@@ -317,4 +410,6 @@ var (
 	_ fs.Purger      = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.PutStreamer = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.Abouter     = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.Mover       = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fs.DirMover    = (*Fs)(nil)
 )

backend/hdfs/hdfs.go

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
+//go:build !plan9
 // +build !plan9
 
+// Package hdfs provides an interface to the HDFS storage system.
 package hdfs
 
 import (
@@ -18,41 +20,31 @@ func init() {
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "namenode",
-			Help:     "hadoop name node and port",
+			Help:     "Hadoop name node and port.\n\nE.g. \"namenode:8020\" to connect to host namenode at port 8020.",
 			Required: true,
-			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
-				Value: "namenode:8020",
-				Help:  "Connect to host namenode at port 8020",
-			}},
 		}, {
-			Name:     "username",
-			Help:     "hadoop user name",
-			Required: false,
+			Name: "username",
+			Help: "Hadoop user name.",
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
 				Value: "root",
-				Help:  "Connect to hdfs as root",
+				Help:  "Connect to hdfs as root.",
 			}},
 		}, {
 			Name: "service_principal_name",
-			Help: `Kerberos service principal name for the namenode
+			Help: `Kerberos service principal name for the namenode.
 
 Enables KERBEROS authentication. Specifies the Service Principal Name
-(<SERVICE>/<FQDN>) for the namenode.`,
-			Required: false,
-			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
-				Value: "hdfs/namenode.hadoop.docker",
-				Help:  "Namenode running as service 'hdfs' with FQDN 'namenode.hadoop.docker'.",
-			}},
+(SERVICE/FQDN) for the namenode. E.g. \"hdfs/namenode.hadoop.docker\"
+for namenode running as service 'hdfs' with FQDN 'namenode.hadoop.docker'.`,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "data_transfer_protection",
-			Help: `Kerberos data transfer protection: authentication|integrity|privacy
+			Help: `Kerberos data transfer protection: authentication|integrity|privacy.
 
 Specifies whether or not authentication, data signature integrity
 checks, and wire encryption is required when communicating the the
 datanodes. Possible values are 'authentication', 'integrity' and
 'privacy'. Used only with KERBEROS enabled.`,
-			Required: false,
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
 				Value: "privacy",
 				Help:  "Ensure authentication, integrity and encryption enabled.",

backend/hdfs/hdfs_test.go

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 // Test HDFS filesystem interface
 
+//go:build !plan9
 // +build !plan9
 
 package hdfs_test

backend/hdfs/hdfs_unsupported.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 // Build for hdfs for unsupported platforms to stop go complaining
 // about "no buildable Go source files "
 
+//go:build plan9
 // +build plan9
 
 package hdfs

backend/hdfs/object.go

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+//go:build !plan9
 // +build !plan9
 
 package hdfs
@@ -114,7 +115,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		return err
 	}
 
-	info, err := o.fs.client.Stat(realpath)
+	_, err = o.fs.client.Stat(realpath)
 	if err == nil {
 		err = o.fs.client.Remove(realpath)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -146,7 +147,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		return err
 	}
 
-	info, err = o.fs.client.Stat(realpath)
+	info, err := o.fs.client.Stat(realpath)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

backend/hidrive/api/queries.go

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/url"
+	"path"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Some presets for different amounts of information that can be requested for fields;
+// it is recommended to only request the information that is actually needed.
+var (
+	HiDriveObjectNoMetadataFields            = []string{"name", "type"}
+	HiDriveObjectWithMetadataFields          = append(HiDriveObjectNoMetadataFields, "id", "size", "mtime", "chash")
+	HiDriveObjectWithDirectoryMetadataFields = append(HiDriveObjectWithMetadataFields, "nmembers")
+	DirectoryContentFields                   = []string{"nmembers"}
+)
+
+// QueryParameters represents the parameters passed to an API-call.
+type QueryParameters struct {
+	url.Values
+}
+
+// NewQueryParameters initializes an instance of QueryParameters and
+// returns a pointer to it.
+func NewQueryParameters() *QueryParameters {
+	return &QueryParameters{url.Values{}}
+}
+
+// SetFileInDirectory sets the appropriate parameters
+// to specify a path to a file in a directory.
+// This is used by requests that work with paths for files that do not exist yet.
+// (For example when creating a file).
+// Most requests use the format produced by SetPath(...).
+func (p *QueryParameters) SetFileInDirectory(filePath string) {
+	directory, file := path.Split(path.Clean(filePath))
+	p.Set("dir", path.Clean(directory))
+	p.Set("name", file)
+	// NOTE: It would be possible to switch to pid-based requests
+	// by modifying this function.
+}
+
+// SetPath sets the appropriate parameters to access the given path.
+func (p *QueryParameters) SetPath(objectPath string) {
+	p.Set("path", path.Clean(objectPath))
+	// NOTE: It would be possible to switch to pid-based requests
+	// by modifying this function.
+}
+
+// SetTime sets the key to the time-value. It replaces any existing values.
+func (p *QueryParameters) SetTime(key string, value time.Time) error {
+	valueAPI := Time(value)
+	valueBytes, err := json.Marshal(&valueAPI)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	p.Set(key, string(valueBytes))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// AddList adds the given values as a list
+// with each value separated by the separator.
+// It appends to any existing values associated with key.
+func (p *QueryParameters) AddList(key string, separator string, values ...string) {
+	original := p.Get(key)
+	p.Set(key, strings.Join(values, separator))
+	if original != "" {
+		p.Set(key, original+separator+p.Get(key))
+	}
+}
+
+// AddFields sets the appropriate parameter to access the given fields.
+// The given fields will be appended to any other existing fields.
+func (p *QueryParameters) AddFields(prefix string, fields ...string) {
+	modifiedFields := make([]string, len(fields))
+	for i, field := range fields {
+		modifiedFields[i] = prefix + field
+	}
+	p.AddList("fields", ",", modifiedFields...)
+}

backend/hidrive/api/types.go

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+// Package api has type definitions and code related to API-calls for the HiDrive-API.
+package api
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Time represents date and time information for the API.
+type Time time.Time
+
+// MarshalJSON turns Time into JSON (in Unix-time/UTC).
+func (t *Time) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
+	secs := time.Time(*t).Unix()
+	return []byte(strconv.FormatInt(secs, 10)), nil
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON turns JSON into Time.
+func (t *Time) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	secs, err := strconv.ParseInt(string(data), 10, 64)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	*t = Time(time.Unix(secs, 0))
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Error is returned from the API when things go wrong.
+type Error struct {
+	Code        json.Number `json:"code"`
+	ContextInfo json.RawMessage
+	Message     string `json:"msg"`
+}
+
+// Error returns a string for the error and satisfies the error interface.
+func (e *Error) Error() string {
+	out := fmt.Sprintf("Error %q", e.Code.String())
+	if e.Message != "" {
+		out += ": " + e.Message
+	}
+	if e.ContextInfo != nil {
+		out += fmt.Sprintf(" (%+v)", e.ContextInfo)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+// Check Error satisfies the error interface.
+var _ error = (*Error)(nil)
+
+// possible types for HiDriveObject
+const (
+	HiDriveObjectTypeDirectory = "dir"
+	HiDriveObjectTypeFile      = "file"
+	HiDriveObjectTypeSymlink   = "symlink"
+)
+
+// HiDriveObject describes a folder, a symlink or a file.
+// Depending on the type and content, not all fields are present.
+type HiDriveObject struct {
+	Type         string `json:"type"`
+	ID           string `json:"id"`
+	ParentID     string `json:"parent_id"`
+	Name         string `json:"name"`
+	Path         string `json:"path"`
+	Size         int64  `json:"size"`
+	MemberCount  int64  `json:"nmembers"`
+	ModifiedAt   Time   `json:"mtime"`
+	ChangedAt    Time   `json:"ctime"`
+	MetaHash     string `json:"mhash"`
+	MetaOnlyHash string `json:"mohash"`
+	NameHash     string `json:"nhash"`
+	ContentHash  string `json:"chash"`
+	IsTeamfolder bool   `json:"teamfolder"`
+	Readable     bool   `json:"readable"`
+	Writable     bool   `json:"writable"`
+	Shareable    bool   `json:"shareable"`
+	MIMEType     string `json:"mime_type"`
+}
+
+// ModTime returns the modification time of the HiDriveObject.
+func (i *HiDriveObject) ModTime() time.Time {
+	t := time.Time(i.ModifiedAt)
+	if t.IsZero() {
+		t = time.Time(i.ChangedAt)
+	}
+	return t
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON turns JSON into HiDriveObject and
+// introduces specific default-values where necessary.
+func (i *HiDriveObject) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	type objectAlias HiDriveObject
+	defaultObject := objectAlias{
+		Size:        -1,
+		MemberCount: -1,
+	}
+
+	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &defaultObject)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	name, err := url.PathUnescape(defaultObject.Name)
+	if err == nil {
+		defaultObject.Name = name
+	}
+
+	*i = HiDriveObject(defaultObject)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// DirectoryContent describes the content of a directory.
+type DirectoryContent struct {
+	TotalCount int64           `json:"nmembers"`
+	Entries    []HiDriveObject `json:"members"`
+}
+
+// UnmarshalJSON turns JSON into DirectoryContent and
+// introduces specific default-values where necessary.
+func (d *DirectoryContent) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
+	type directoryContentAlias DirectoryContent
+	defaultDirectoryContent := directoryContentAlias{
+		TotalCount: -1,
+	}
+
+	err := json.Unmarshal(data, &defaultDirectoryContent)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	*d = DirectoryContent(defaultDirectoryContent)
+	return nil
+}

backend/hidrive/helpers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,888 @@
+package hidrive
+
+// This file is for helper-functions which may provide more general and
+// specialized functionality than the generic interfaces.
+// There are two sections:
+// 1. methods bound to Fs
+// 2. other functions independent from Fs used throughout the package
+
+// NOTE: Functions accessing paths expect any relative paths
+// to be resolved prior to execution with resolvePath(...).
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"path"
+	"strconv"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/hidrive/api"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/ranges"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/readers"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/semaphore"
+)
+
+const (
+	// MaximumUploadBytes represents the maximum amount of bytes
+	// a single upload-operation will support.
+	MaximumUploadBytes = 2147483647 // = 2GiB - 1
+	// iterationChunkSize represents the chunk size used to iterate directory contents.
+	iterationChunkSize = 5000
+)
+
+var (
+	// retryErrorCodes is a slice of error codes that we will always retry.
+	retryErrorCodes = []int{
+		429, // Too Many Requests
+		500, // Internal Server Error
+		502, // Bad Gateway
+		503, // Service Unavailable
+		504, // Gateway Timeout
+		509, // Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
+	}
+	// ErrorFileExists is returned when a query tries to create a file
+	// that already exists.
+	ErrorFileExists = errors.New("destination file already exists")
+)
+
+// MemberType represents the possible types of entries a directory can contain.
+type MemberType string
+
+// possible values for MemberType
+const (
+	AllMembers       MemberType = "all"
+	NoMembers        MemberType = "none"
+	DirectoryMembers MemberType = api.HiDriveObjectTypeDirectory
+	FileMembers      MemberType = api.HiDriveObjectTypeFile
+	SymlinkMembers   MemberType = api.HiDriveObjectTypeSymlink
+)
+
+// SortByField represents possible fields to sort entries of a directory by.
+type SortByField string
+
+// possible values for SortByField
+const (
+	descendingSort             string      = "-"
+	SortByName                 SortByField = "name"
+	SortByModTime              SortByField = "mtime"
+	SortByObjectType           SortByField = "type"
+	SortBySize                 SortByField = "size"
+	SortByNameDescending       SortByField = SortByField(descendingSort) + SortByName
+	SortByModTimeDescending    SortByField = SortByField(descendingSort) + SortByModTime
+	SortByObjectTypeDescending SortByField = SortByField(descendingSort) + SortByObjectType
+	SortBySizeDescending       SortByField = SortByField(descendingSort) + SortBySize
+)
+
+var (
+	// Unsorted disables sorting and can therefore not be combined with other values.
+	Unsorted = []SortByField{"none"}
+	// DefaultSorted does not specify how to sort and
+	// therefore implies the default sort order.
+	DefaultSorted = []SortByField{}
+)
+
+// CopyOrMoveOperationType represents the possible types of copy- and move-operations.
+type CopyOrMoveOperationType int
+
+// possible values for CopyOrMoveOperationType
+const (
+	MoveOriginal CopyOrMoveOperationType = iota
+	CopyOriginal
+	CopyOriginalPreserveModTime
+)
+
+// OnExistAction represents possible actions the API should take,
+// when a request tries to create a path that already exists.
+type OnExistAction string
+
+// possible values for OnExistAction
+const (
+	// IgnoreOnExist instructs the API not to execute
+	// the request in case of a conflict, but to return an error.
+	IgnoreOnExist OnExistAction = "ignore"
+	// AutoNameOnExist instructs the API to automatically rename
+	// any conflicting request-objects.
+	AutoNameOnExist OnExistAction = "autoname"
+	// OverwriteOnExist instructs the API to overwrite any conflicting files.
+	// This can only be used, if the request operates on files directly.
+	// (For example when moving/copying a file.)
+	// For most requests this action will simply be ignored.
+	OverwriteOnExist OnExistAction = "overwrite"
+)
+
+// shouldRetry returns a boolean as to whether this resp and err deserve to be retried.
+// It tries to expire/invalidate the token, if necessary.
+// It returns the err as a convenience.
+func (f *Fs) shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, err error) (bool, error) {
+	if fserrors.ContextError(ctx, &err) {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	if resp != nil && (resp.StatusCode == 401 || isHTTPError(err, 401)) && len(resp.Header["Www-Authenticate"]) > 0 {
+		fs.Debugf(f, "Token might be invalid: %v", err)
+		if f.tokenRenewer != nil {
+			iErr := f.tokenRenewer.Expire()
+			if iErr == nil {
+				return true, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return fserrors.ShouldRetry(err) || fserrors.ShouldRetryHTTP(resp, retryErrorCodes), err
+}
+
+// resolvePath resolves the given (relative) path and
+// returns a path suitable for API-calls.
+// This will consider the root-path of the fs and any needed prefixes.
+//
+// Any relative paths passed to functions that access these paths should
+// be resolved with this first!
+func (f *Fs) resolvePath(objectPath string) string {
+	resolved := path.Join(f.opt.RootPrefix, f.root, f.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(objectPath))
+	return resolved
+}
+
+// iterateOverDirectory calls the given function callback
+// on each item found in a given directory.
+//
+// If callback ever returns true then this exits early with found = true.
+func (f *Fs) iterateOverDirectory(ctx context.Context, directory string, searchOnly MemberType, callback func(*api.HiDriveObject) bool, fields []string, sortBy []SortByField) (found bool, err error) {
+	parameters := api.NewQueryParameters()
+	parameters.SetPath(directory)
+	parameters.AddFields("members.", fields...)
+	parameters.AddFields("", api.DirectoryContentFields...)
+	parameters.Set("members", string(searchOnly))
+	for _, v := range sortBy {
+		// The explicit conversion is necessary for each element.
+		parameters.AddList("sort", ",", string(v))
+	}
+
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method:     "GET",
+		Path:       "/dir",
+		Parameters: parameters.Values,
+	}
+
+	iterateContent := func(result *api.DirectoryContent, err error) (bool, error) {
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		for _, item := range result.Entries {
+			item.Name = f.opt.Enc.ToStandardName(item.Name)
+			if callback(&item) {
+				return true, nil
+			}
+		}
+		return false, nil
+	}
+	return f.paginateDirectoryAccess(ctx, &opts, iterationChunkSize, 0, iterateContent)
+}
+
+// paginateDirectoryAccess executes requests specified via ctx and opts
+// which should produce api.DirectoryContent.
+// This will paginate the requests using limit starting at the given offset.
+//
+// The given function callback is called on each api.DirectoryContent found
+// along with any errors that occurred.
+// If callback ever returns true then this exits early with found = true.
+// If callback ever returns an error then this exits early with that error.
+func (f *Fs) paginateDirectoryAccess(ctx context.Context, opts *rest.Opts, limit int64, offset int64, callback func(*api.DirectoryContent, error) (bool, error)) (found bool, err error) {
+	for {
+		opts.Parameters.Set("limit", strconv.FormatInt(offset, 10)+","+strconv.FormatInt(limit, 10))
+
+		var result api.DirectoryContent
+		var resp *http.Response
+		err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+			resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, opts, nil, &result)
+			return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+		})
+
+		found, err = callback(&result, err)
+		if found || err != nil {
+			return found, err
+		}
+
+		offset += int64(len(result.Entries))
+		if offset >= result.TotalCount || limit > int64(len(result.Entries)) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return false, nil
+}
+
+// fetchMetadataForPath reads the metadata from the path.
+func (f *Fs) fetchMetadataForPath(ctx context.Context, path string, fields []string) (*api.HiDriveObject, error) {
+	parameters := api.NewQueryParameters()
+	parameters.SetPath(path)
+	parameters.AddFields("", fields...)
+
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method:     "GET",
+		Path:       "/meta",
+		Parameters: parameters.Values,
+	}
+
+	var result api.HiDriveObject
+	var resp *http.Response
+	var err error
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
+		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &result, nil
+}
+
+// copyOrMove copies or moves a directory or file
+// from the source-path to the destination-path.
+//
+// The operation will only be successful
+// if the parent-directory of the destination-path exists.
+//
+// NOTE: Use the explicit methods instead of directly invoking this method.
+// (Those are: copyDirectory, moveDirectory, copyFile, moveFile.)
+func (f *Fs) copyOrMove(ctx context.Context, isDirectory bool, operationType CopyOrMoveOperationType, source string, destination string, onExist OnExistAction) (*api.HiDriveObject, error) {
+	parameters := api.NewQueryParameters()
+	parameters.Set("src", source)
+	parameters.Set("dst", destination)
+	if onExist == AutoNameOnExist ||
+		(onExist == OverwriteOnExist && !isDirectory) {
+		parameters.Set("on_exist", string(onExist))
+	}
+
+	endpoint := "/"
+	if isDirectory {
+		endpoint += "dir"
+	} else {
+		endpoint += "file"
+	}
+	switch operationType {
+	case MoveOriginal:
+		endpoint += "/move"
+	case CopyOriginalPreserveModTime:
+		parameters.Set("preserve_mtime", strconv.FormatBool(true))
+		fallthrough
+	case CopyOriginal:
+		endpoint += "/copy"
+	}
+
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method:     "POST",
+		Path:       endpoint,
+		Parameters: parameters.Values,
+	}
+
+	var result api.HiDriveObject
+	var resp *http.Response
+	var err error
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
+		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &result, nil
+}
+
+// copyDirectory moves the directory at the source-path to the destination-path and
+// returns the resulting api-object if successful.
+//
+// The operation will only be successful
+// if the parent-directory of the destination-path exists.
+func (f *Fs) copyDirectory(ctx context.Context, source string, destination string, onExist OnExistAction) (*api.HiDriveObject, error) {
+	return f.copyOrMove(ctx, true, CopyOriginalPreserveModTime, source, destination, onExist)
+}
+
+// moveDirectory moves the directory at the source-path to the destination-path and
+// returns the resulting api-object if successful.
+//
+// The operation will only be successful
+// if the parent-directory of the destination-path exists.
+func (f *Fs) moveDirectory(ctx context.Context, source string, destination string, onExist OnExistAction) (*api.HiDriveObject, error) {
+	return f.copyOrMove(ctx, true, MoveOriginal, source, destination, onExist)
+}
+
+// copyFile copies the file at the source-path to the destination-path and
+// returns the resulting api-object if successful.
+//
+// The operation will only be successful
+// if the parent-directory of the destination-path exists.
+//
+// NOTE: This operation will expand sparse areas in the content of the source-file
+// to blocks of 0-bytes in the destination-file.
+func (f *Fs) copyFile(ctx context.Context, source string, destination string, onExist OnExistAction) (*api.HiDriveObject, error) {
+	return f.copyOrMove(ctx, false, CopyOriginalPreserveModTime, source, destination, onExist)
+}
+
+// moveFile moves the file at the source-path to the destination-path and
+// returns the resulting api-object if successful.
+//
+// The operation will only be successful
+// if the parent-directory of the destination-path exists.
+//
+// NOTE: This operation may expand sparse areas in the content of the source-file
+// to blocks of 0-bytes in the destination-file.
+func (f *Fs) moveFile(ctx context.Context, source string, destination string, onExist OnExistAction) (*api.HiDriveObject, error) {
+	return f.copyOrMove(ctx, false, MoveOriginal, source, destination, onExist)
+}
+
+// createDirectory creates the directory at the given path and
+// returns the resulting api-object if successful.
+//
+// The directory will only be created if its parent-directory exists.
+// This returns fs.ErrorDirNotFound if the parent-directory is not found.
+// This returns fs.ErrorDirExists if the directory already exists.
+func (f *Fs) createDirectory(ctx context.Context, directory string, onExist OnExistAction) (*api.HiDriveObject, error) {
+	parameters := api.NewQueryParameters()
+	parameters.SetPath(directory)
+	if onExist == AutoNameOnExist {
+		parameters.Set("on_exist", string(onExist))
+	}
+
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method:     "POST",
+		Path:       "/dir",
+		Parameters: parameters.Values,
+	}
+
+	var result api.HiDriveObject
+	var resp *http.Response
+	var err error
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
+		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
+
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return &result, nil
+	case isHTTPError(err, 404):
+		return nil, fs.ErrorDirNotFound
+	case isHTTPError(err, 409):
+		return nil, fs.ErrorDirExists
+	}
+	return nil, err
+}
+
+// createDirectories creates the directory at the given path
+// along with any missing parent directories and
+// returns the resulting api-object (of the created directory) if successful.
+//
+// This returns fs.ErrorDirExists if the directory already exists.
+//
+// If an error occurs while the parent directories are being created,
+// any directories already created will NOT be deleted again.
+func (f *Fs) createDirectories(ctx context.Context, directory string, onExist OnExistAction) (*api.HiDriveObject, error) {
+	result, err := f.createDirectory(ctx, directory, onExist)
+	if err == nil {
+		return result, nil
+	}
+	if err != fs.ErrorDirNotFound {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	parentDirectory := path.Dir(directory)
+	_, err = f.createDirectories(ctx, parentDirectory, onExist)
+	if err != nil && err != fs.ErrorDirExists {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	// NOTE: Ignoring fs.ErrorDirExists does no harm,
+	// since it does not mean the child directory cannot be created.
+	return f.createDirectory(ctx, directory, onExist)
+}
+
+// deleteDirectory deletes the directory at the given path.
+//
+// If recursive is false, the directory will only be deleted if it is empty.
+// If recursive is true, the directory will be deleted regardless of its content.
+// This returns fs.ErrorDirNotFound if the directory is not found.
+// This returns fs.ErrorDirectoryNotEmpty if the directory is not empty and
+// recursive is false.
+func (f *Fs) deleteDirectory(ctx context.Context, directory string, recursive bool) error {
+	parameters := api.NewQueryParameters()
+	parameters.SetPath(directory)
+	parameters.Set("recursive", strconv.FormatBool(recursive))
+
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method:     "DELETE",
+		Path:       "/dir",
+		Parameters: parameters.Values,
+		NoResponse: true,
+	}
+
+	var resp *http.Response
+	var err error
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		resp, err = f.srv.Call(ctx, &opts)
+		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
+
+	switch {
+	case isHTTPError(err, 404):
+		return fs.ErrorDirNotFound
+	case isHTTPError(err, 409):
+		return fs.ErrorDirectoryNotEmpty
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// deleteObject deletes the object/file at the given path.
+//
+// This returns fs.ErrorObjectNotFound if the object is not found.
+func (f *Fs) deleteObject(ctx context.Context, path string) error {
+	parameters := api.NewQueryParameters()
+	parameters.SetPath(path)
+
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method:     "DELETE",
+		Path:       "/file",
+		Parameters: parameters.Values,
+		NoResponse: true,
+	}
+
+	var resp *http.Response
+	var err error
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		resp, err = f.srv.Call(ctx, &opts)
+		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
+
+	if isHTTPError(err, 404) {
+		return fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// createFile creates a file at the given path
+// with the content of the io.ReadSeeker.
+// This guarantees that existing files will not be overwritten.
+// The maximum size of the content is limited by MaximumUploadBytes.
+// The io.ReadSeeker should be resettable by seeking to its start.
+// If modTime is not the zero time instant,
+// it will be set as the file's modification time after the operation.
+//
+// This returns fs.ErrorDirNotFound
+// if the parent directory of the file is not found.
+// This returns ErrorFileExists if a file already exists at the specified path.
+func (f *Fs) createFile(ctx context.Context, path string, content io.ReadSeeker, modTime time.Time, onExist OnExistAction) (*api.HiDriveObject, error) {
+	parameters := api.NewQueryParameters()
+	parameters.SetFileInDirectory(path)
+	if onExist == AutoNameOnExist {
+		parameters.Set("on_exist", string(onExist))
+	}
+
+	var err error
+	if !modTime.IsZero() {
+		err = parameters.SetTime("mtime", modTime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method:      "POST",
+		Path:        "/file",
+		Body:        content,
+		ContentType: "application/octet-stream",
+		Parameters:  parameters.Values,
+	}
+
+	var result api.HiDriveObject
+	var resp *http.Response
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		// Reset the reading index (in case this is a retry).
+		if _, err = content.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
+		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
+
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return &result, nil
+	case isHTTPError(err, 404):
+		return nil, fs.ErrorDirNotFound
+	case isHTTPError(err, 409):
+		return nil, ErrorFileExists
+	}
+	return nil, err
+}
+
+// overwriteFile updates the content of the file at the given path
+// with the content of the io.ReadSeeker.
+// If the file does not exist it will be created.
+// The maximum size of the content is limited by MaximumUploadBytes.
+// The io.ReadSeeker should be resettable by seeking to its start.
+// If modTime is not the zero time instant,
+// it will be set as the file's modification time after the operation.
+//
+// This returns fs.ErrorDirNotFound
+// if the parent directory of the file is not found.
+func (f *Fs) overwriteFile(ctx context.Context, path string, content io.ReadSeeker, modTime time.Time) (*api.HiDriveObject, error) {
+	parameters := api.NewQueryParameters()
+	parameters.SetFileInDirectory(path)
+
+	var err error
+	if !modTime.IsZero() {
+		err = parameters.SetTime("mtime", modTime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method:      "PUT",
+		Path:        "/file",
+		Body:        content,
+		ContentType: "application/octet-stream",
+		Parameters:  parameters.Values,
+	}
+
+	var result api.HiDriveObject
+	var resp *http.Response
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		// Reset the reading index (in case this is a retry).
+		if _, err = content.Seek(0, io.SeekStart); err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
+		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
+
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return &result, nil
+	case isHTTPError(err, 404):
+		return nil, fs.ErrorDirNotFound
+	}
+	return nil, err
+}
+
+// uploadFileChunked updates the content of the existing file at the given path
+// with the content of the io.Reader.
+// Returns the position of the last successfully written byte, stopping before the first failed write.
+// If nothing was written this will be 0.
+// Returns the resulting api-object if successful.
+//
+// Replaces the file contents by uploading multiple chunks of the given size in parallel.
+// Therefore this can and be used to upload files of any size efficiently.
+// The number of parallel transfers is limited by transferLimit which should larger than 0.
+// If modTime is not the zero time instant,
+// it will be set as the file's modification time after the operation.
+//
+// NOTE: This method uses updateFileChunked and may create sparse files,
+// if the upload of a chunk fails unexpectedly.
+// See note about sparse files in patchFile.
+// If any of the uploads fail, the process will be aborted and
+// the first error that occurred will be returned.
+// This is not an atomic operation,
+// therefore if the upload fails the file may be partially modified.
+//
+// This returns fs.ErrorObjectNotFound if the object is not found.
+func (f *Fs) uploadFileChunked(ctx context.Context, path string, content io.Reader, modTime time.Time, chunkSize int, transferLimit int64) (okSize uint64, info *api.HiDriveObject, err error) {
+	okSize, err = f.updateFileChunked(ctx, path, content, 0, chunkSize, transferLimit)
+
+	if err == nil {
+		info, err = f.resizeFile(ctx, path, okSize, modTime)
+	}
+	return okSize, info, err
+}
+
+// updateFileChunked updates the content of the existing file at the given path
+// starting at the given offset.
+// Returns the position of the last successfully written byte, stopping before the first failed write.
+// If nothing was written this will be 0.
+//
+// Replaces the file contents starting from the given byte offset
+// with the content of the io.Reader.
+// If the offset is beyond the file end, the file is extended up to the offset.
+//
+// The upload is done multiple chunks of the given size in parallel.
+// Therefore this can and be used to upload files of any size efficiently.
+// The number of parallel transfers is limited by transferLimit which should larger than 0.
+//
+// NOTE: Because it is inefficient to set the modification time with every chunk,
+// setting it to a specific value must be done in a separate request
+// after this operation finishes.
+//
+// NOTE: This method uses patchFile and may create sparse files,
+// especially if the upload of a chunk fails unexpectedly.
+// See note about sparse files in patchFile.
+// If any of the uploads fail, the process will be aborted and
+// the first error that occurred will be returned.
+// This is not an atomic operation,
+// therefore if the upload fails the file may be partially modified.
+//
+// This returns fs.ErrorObjectNotFound if the object is not found.
+func (f *Fs) updateFileChunked(ctx context.Context, path string, content io.Reader, offset uint64, chunkSize int, transferLimit int64) (okSize uint64, err error) {
+	var (
+		okChunksMu sync.Mutex // protects the variables below
+		okChunks   []ranges.Range
+	)
+	g, gCtx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+	transferSemaphore := semaphore.NewWeighted(transferLimit)
+
+	var readErr error
+	startMoreTransfers := true
+	zeroTime := time.Time{}
+	for chunk := uint64(0); startMoreTransfers; chunk++ {
+		// Acquire semaphore to limit number of transfers in parallel.
+		readErr = transferSemaphore.Acquire(gCtx, 1)
+		if readErr != nil {
+			break
+		}
+
+		// Read a chunk of data.
+		chunkReader, bytesRead, readErr := readerForChunk(content, chunkSize)
+		if bytesRead < chunkSize {
+			startMoreTransfers = false
+		}
+		if readErr != nil || bytesRead <= 0 {
+			break
+		}
+
+		// Transfer the chunk.
+		chunkOffset := uint64(chunkSize)*chunk + offset
+		g.Go(func() error {
+			// After this upload is done,
+			// signal that another transfer can be started.
+			defer transferSemaphore.Release(1)
+			uploadErr := f.patchFile(gCtx, path, cachedReader(chunkReader), chunkOffset, zeroTime)
+			if uploadErr == nil {
+				// Remember successfully written chunks.
+				okChunksMu.Lock()
+				okChunks = append(okChunks, ranges.Range{Pos: int64(chunkOffset), Size: int64(bytesRead)})
+				okChunksMu.Unlock()
+				fs.Debugf(f, "Done uploading chunk of size %v at offset %v.", bytesRead, chunkOffset)
+			} else {
+				fs.Infof(f, "Error while uploading chunk at offset %v. Error is %v.", chunkOffset, uploadErr)
+			}
+			return uploadErr
+		})
+	}
+
+	if readErr != nil {
+		// Log the error in case it is later ignored because of an upload-error.
+		fs.Infof(f, "Error while reading/preparing to upload a chunk. Error is %v.", readErr)
+	}
+
+	err = g.Wait()
+
+	// Compute the first continuous range of the file content,
+	// which does not contain any failed chunks.
+	// Do not forget to add the file content up to the starting offset,
+	// which is presumed to be already correct.
+	rs := ranges.Ranges{}
+	rs.Insert(ranges.Range{Pos: 0, Size: int64(offset)})
+	for _, chunkRange := range okChunks {
+		rs.Insert(chunkRange)
+	}
+	if len(rs) > 0 && rs[0].Pos == 0 {
+		okSize = uint64(rs[0].Size)
+	}
+
+	if err != nil {
+		return okSize, err
+	}
+	if readErr != nil {
+		return okSize, readErr
+	}
+
+	return okSize, nil
+}
+
+// patchFile updates the content of the existing file at the given path
+// starting at the given offset.
+//
+// Replaces the file contents starting from the given byte offset
+// with the content of the io.ReadSeeker.
+// If the offset is beyond the file end, the file is extended up to the offset.
+// The maximum size of the update is limited by MaximumUploadBytes.
+// The io.ReadSeeker should be resettable by seeking to its start.
+// If modTime is not the zero time instant,
+// it will be set as the file's modification time after the operation.
+//
+// NOTE: By extending the file up to the offset this may create sparse files,
+// which allocate less space on the file system than their apparent size indicates,
+// since holes between data chunks are "real" holes
+// and not regions made up of consecutive 0-bytes.
+// Subsequent operations (such as copying data)
+// usually expand the holes into regions of 0-bytes.
+//
+// This returns fs.ErrorObjectNotFound if the object is not found.
+func (f *Fs) patchFile(ctx context.Context, path string, content io.ReadSeeker, offset uint64, modTime time.Time) error {
+	parameters := api.NewQueryParameters()
+	parameters.SetPath(path)
+	parameters.Set("offset", strconv.FormatUint(offset, 10))
+
+	if !modTime.IsZero() {
+		err := parameters.SetTime("mtime", modTime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method:      "PATCH",
+		Path:        "/file",
+		Body:        content,
+		ContentType: "application/octet-stream",
+		Parameters:  parameters.Values,
+		NoResponse:  true,
+	}
+
+	var resp *http.Response
+	var err error
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		// Reset the reading index (in case this is a retry).
+		_, err = content.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		resp, err = f.srv.Call(ctx, &opts)
+		if isHTTPError(err, 423) {
+			return true, err
+		}
+		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
+
+	if isHTTPError(err, 404) {
+		return fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+// resizeFile updates the existing file at the given path to be of the given size
+// and returns the resulting api-object if successful.
+//
+// If the given size is smaller than the current filesize,
+// the file is cut/truncated at that position.
+// If the given size is larger, the file is extended up to that position.
+// If modTime is not the zero time instant,
+// it will be set as the file's modification time after the operation.
+//
+// NOTE: By extending the file this may create sparse files,
+// which allocate less space on the file system than their apparent size indicates,
+// since holes between data chunks are "real" holes
+// and not regions made up of consecutive 0-bytes.
+// Subsequent operations (such as copying data)
+// usually expand the holes into regions of 0-bytes.
+//
+// This returns fs.ErrorObjectNotFound if the object is not found.
+func (f *Fs) resizeFile(ctx context.Context, path string, size uint64, modTime time.Time) (*api.HiDriveObject, error) {
+	parameters := api.NewQueryParameters()
+	parameters.SetPath(path)
+	parameters.Set("size", strconv.FormatUint(size, 10))
+
+	if !modTime.IsZero() {
+		err := parameters.SetTime("mtime", modTime)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	opts := rest.Opts{
+		Method:     "POST",
+		Path:       "/file/truncate",
+		Parameters: parameters.Values,
+	}
+
+	var result api.HiDriveObject
+	var resp *http.Response
+	var err error
+	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
+		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
+
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return &result, nil
+	case isHTTPError(err, 404):
+		return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
+	}
+	return nil, err
+}
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+// isHTTPError compares the numerical status code
+// of an api.Error to the given HTTP status.
+//
+// If the given error is not an api.Error or
+// a numerical status code could not be determined, this returns false.
+// Otherwise this returns whether the status code of the error is equal to the given status.
+func isHTTPError(err error, status int64) bool {
+	if apiErr, ok := err.(*api.Error); ok {
+		errStatus, decodeErr := apiErr.Code.Int64()
+		if decodeErr == nil && errStatus == status {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// createHiDriveScopes creates oauth-scopes
+// from the given user-role and access-permissions.
+//
+// If the arguments are empty, they will not be included in the result.
+func createHiDriveScopes(role string, access string) []string {
+	switch {
+	case role != "" && access != "":
+		return []string{access + "," + role}
+	case role != "":
+		return []string{role}
+	case access != "":
+		return []string{access}
+	}
+	return []string{}
+}
+
+// cachedReader returns a version of the reader that caches its contents and
+// can therefore be reset using Seek.
+func cachedReader(reader io.Reader) io.ReadSeeker {
+	bytesReader, ok := reader.(*bytes.Reader)
+	if ok {
+		return bytesReader
+	}
+
+	repeatableReader, ok := reader.(*readers.RepeatableReader)
+	if ok {
+		return repeatableReader
+	}
+
+	return readers.NewRepeatableReader(reader)
+}
+
+// readerForChunk reads a chunk of bytes from reader (after handling any accounting).
+// Returns a new io.Reader (chunkReader) for that chunk
+// and the number of bytes that have been read from reader.
+func readerForChunk(reader io.Reader, length int) (chunkReader io.Reader, bytesRead int, err error) {
+	// Unwrap any accounting from the input if present.
+	reader, wrap := accounting.UnWrap(reader)
+
+	// Read a chunk of data.
+	buffer := make([]byte, length)
+	bytesRead, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buffer)
+	if err == io.EOF || err == io.ErrUnexpectedEOF {
+		err = nil
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, bytesRead, err
+	}
+	// Truncate unused capacity.
+	buffer = buffer[:bytesRead]
+
+	// Use wrap to put any accounting back for chunkReader.
+	return wrap(bytes.NewReader(buffer)), bytesRead, nil
+}

backend/hidrive/hidrive_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Test HiDrive filesystem interface
+package hidrive
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
+)
+
+// TestIntegration runs integration tests against the remote.
+func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	name := "TestHiDrive"
+	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName: name + ":",
+		NilObject:  (*Object)(nil),
+		ChunkedUpload: fstests.ChunkedUploadConfig{
+			MinChunkSize:       1,
+			MaxChunkSize:       MaximumUploadBytes,
+			CeilChunkSize:      nil,
+			NeedMultipleChunks: false,
+		},
+	})
+}
+
+// Change the configured UploadChunkSize.
+// Will only be called while no transfer is in progress.
+func (f *Fs) SetUploadChunkSize(chunksize fs.SizeSuffix) (fs.SizeSuffix, error) {
+	var old fs.SizeSuffix
+	old, f.opt.UploadChunkSize = f.opt.UploadChunkSize, chunksize
+	return old, nil
+}
+
+// Change the configured UploadCutoff.
+// Will only be called while no transfer is in progress.
+func (f *Fs) SetUploadCutoff(cutoff fs.SizeSuffix) (fs.SizeSuffix, error) {
+	var old fs.SizeSuffix
+	old, f.opt.UploadCutoff = f.opt.UploadCutoff, cutoff
+	return old, nil
+}
+
+var (
+	_ fstests.SetUploadChunkSizer = (*Fs)(nil)
+	_ fstests.SetUploadCutoffer   = (*Fs)(nil)
+)

backend/hidrive/hidrivehash/hidrivehash.go

@@ -0,0 +1,410 @@
+// Package hidrivehash implements the HiDrive hashing algorithm which combines SHA-1 hashes hierarchically to a single top-level hash.
+//
+// Note: This implementation does not grant access to any partial hashes generated.
+//
+// See: https://developer.hidrive.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/HiDrive_Synchronization-v3.3-rev28.pdf
+// (link to newest version: https://static.hidrive.com/dev/0001)
+package hidrivehash
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/sha1"
+	"encoding"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"hash"
+	"io"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/hidrive/hidrivehash/internal"
+)
+
+const (
+	// BlockSize of the checksum in bytes.
+	BlockSize = 4096
+	// Size of the checksum in bytes.
+	Size = sha1.Size
+	// sumsPerLevel is the number of checksums
+	sumsPerLevel = 256
+)
+
+var (
+	// zeroSum is a special hash consisting of 20 null-bytes.
+	// This will be the hash of any empty file (or ones containing only null-bytes).
+	zeroSum = [Size]byte{}
+	// ErrorInvalidEncoding is returned when a hash should be decoded from a binary form that is invalid.
+	ErrorInvalidEncoding = errors.New("encoded binary form is invalid for this hash")
+	// ErrorHashFull is returned when a hash reached its capacity and cannot accept any more input.
+	ErrorHashFull = errors.New("hash reached its capacity")
+)
+
+// writeByBlock writes len(p) bytes from p to the io.Writer in blocks of size blockSize.
+// It returns the number of bytes written from p (0 <= n <= len(p))
+// and any error encountered that caused the write to stop early.
+//
+// A pointer bytesInBlock to a counter needs to be supplied,
+// that is used to keep track how many bytes have been written to the writer already.
+// A pointer onlyNullBytesInBlock to a boolean needs to be supplied,
+// that is used to keep track whether the block so far only consists of null-bytes.
+// The callback onBlockWritten is called whenever a full block has been written to the writer
+// and is given as input the number of bytes that still need to be written.
+func writeByBlock(p []byte, writer io.Writer, blockSize uint32, bytesInBlock *uint32, onlyNullBytesInBlock *bool, onBlockWritten func(remaining int) error) (n int, err error) {
+	total := len(p)
+	nullBytes := make([]byte, blockSize)
+	for len(p) > 0 {
+		toWrite := int(blockSize - *bytesInBlock)
+		if toWrite > len(p) {
+			toWrite = len(p)
+		}
+		c, err := writer.Write(p[:toWrite])
+		*bytesInBlock += uint32(c)
+		*onlyNullBytesInBlock = *onlyNullBytesInBlock && bytes.Equal(nullBytes[:toWrite], p[:toWrite])
+		// Discard data written through a reslice
+		p = p[c:]
+		if err != nil {
+			return total - len(p), err
+		}
+		if *bytesInBlock == blockSize {
+			err = onBlockWritten(len(p))
+			if err != nil {
+				return total - len(p), err
+			}
+			*bytesInBlock = 0
+			*onlyNullBytesInBlock = true
+		}
+	}
+	return total, nil
+}
+
+// level is a hash.Hash that is used to aggregate the checksums produced by the level hierarchically beneath it.
+// It is used to represent any level-n hash, except for level-0.
+type level struct {
+	checksum              [Size]byte // aggregated checksum of this level
+	sumCount              uint32     // number of sums contained in this level so far
+	bytesInHasher         uint32     //  number of bytes written into hasher so far
+	onlyNullBytesInHasher bool       // whether the hasher only contains null-bytes so far
+	hasher                hash.Hash
+}
+
+// NewLevel returns a new hash.Hash computing any level-n hash, except level-0.
+func NewLevel() hash.Hash {
+	l := &level{}
+	l.Reset()
+	return l
+}
+
+// Add takes a position-embedded SHA-1 checksum and adds it to the level.
+func (l *level) Add(sha1sum []byte) {
+	var tmp uint
+	var carry bool
+	for i := Size - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		tmp = uint(sha1sum[i]) + uint(l.checksum[i])
+		if carry {
+			tmp++
+		}
+		carry = tmp > 255
+		l.checksum[i] = byte(tmp)
+	}
+}
+
+// IsFull returns whether the number of checksums added to this level reached its capacity.
+func (l *level) IsFull() bool {
+	return l.sumCount >= sumsPerLevel
+}
+
+// Write (via the embedded io.Writer interface) adds more data to the running hash.
+// Contrary to the specification from hash.Hash, this DOES return an error,
+// specifically ErrorHashFull if and only if IsFull() returns true.
+func (l *level) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	if l.IsFull() {
+		return 0, ErrorHashFull
+	}
+	onBlockWritten := func(remaining int) error {
+		if !l.onlyNullBytesInHasher {
+			c, err := l.hasher.Write([]byte{byte(l.sumCount)})
+			l.bytesInHasher += uint32(c)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			l.Add(l.hasher.Sum(nil))
+		}
+		l.sumCount++
+		l.hasher.Reset()
+		if remaining > 0 && l.IsFull() {
+			return ErrorHashFull
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	return writeByBlock(p, l.hasher, uint32(l.BlockSize()), &l.bytesInHasher, &l.onlyNullBytesInHasher, onBlockWritten)
+}
+
+// Sum appends the current hash to b and returns the resulting slice.
+// It does not change the underlying hash state.
+func (l *level) Sum(b []byte) []byte {
+	return append(b, l.checksum[:]...)
+}
+
+// Reset resets the Hash to its initial state.
+func (l *level) Reset() {
+	l.checksum = zeroSum // clear the current checksum
+	l.sumCount = 0
+	l.bytesInHasher = 0
+	l.onlyNullBytesInHasher = true
+	l.hasher = sha1.New()
+}
+
+// Size returns the number of bytes Sum will return.
+func (l *level) Size() int {
+	return Size
+}
+
+// BlockSize returns the hash's underlying block size.
+// The Write method must be able to accept any amount
+// of data, but it may operate more efficiently if all writes
+// are a multiple of the block size.
+func (l *level) BlockSize() int {
+	return Size
+}
+
+// MarshalBinary encodes the hash into a binary form and returns the result.
+func (l *level) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
+	b := make([]byte, Size+4+4+1)
+	copy(b, l.checksum[:])
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[Size:], l.sumCount)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[Size+4:], l.bytesInHasher)
+	if l.onlyNullBytesInHasher {
+		b[Size+4+4] = 1
+	}
+	encodedHasher, err := l.hasher.(encoding.BinaryMarshaler).MarshalBinary()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	b = append(b, encodedHasher...)
+	return b, nil
+}
+
+// UnmarshalBinary decodes the binary form generated by MarshalBinary.
+// The hash will replace its internal state accordingly.
+func (l *level) UnmarshalBinary(b []byte) error {
+	if len(b) < Size+4+4+1 {
+		return ErrorInvalidEncoding
+	}
+	copy(l.checksum[:], b)
+	l.sumCount = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[Size:])
+	l.bytesInHasher = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[Size+4:])
+	switch b[Size+4+4] {
+	case 0:
+		l.onlyNullBytesInHasher = false
+	case 1:
+		l.onlyNullBytesInHasher = true
+	default:
+		return ErrorInvalidEncoding
+	}
+	err := l.hasher.(encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler).UnmarshalBinary(b[Size+4+4+1:])
+	return err
+}
+
+// hidriveHash is the hash computing the actual checksum used by HiDrive by combining multiple level-hashes.
+type hidriveHash struct {
+	levels               []*level   // collection of level-hashes, one for each level starting at level-1
+	lastSumWritten       [Size]byte // the last checksum written to any of the levels
+	bytesInBlock         uint32     // bytes written into blockHash so far
+	onlyNullBytesInBlock bool       // whether the hasher only contains null-bytes so far
+	blockHash            hash.Hash
+}
+
+// New returns a new hash.Hash computing the HiDrive checksum.
+func New() hash.Hash {
+	h := &hidriveHash{}
+	h.Reset()
+	return h
+}
+
+// aggregateToLevel writes the checksum to the level at the given index
+// and if necessary propagates any changes to levels above.
+func (h *hidriveHash) aggregateToLevel(index int, sum []byte) {
+	for i := index; ; i++ {
+		if i >= len(h.levels) {
+			h.levels = append(h.levels, NewLevel().(*level))
+		}
+		_, err := h.levels[i].Write(sum)
+		copy(h.lastSumWritten[:], sum)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("level-hash should not have produced an error: %w", err))
+		}
+		if !h.levels[i].IsFull() {
+			break
+		}
+		sum = h.levels[i].Sum(nil)
+		h.levels[i].Reset()
+	}
+}
+
+// Write (via the embedded io.Writer interface) adds more data to the running hash.
+// It never returns an error.
+func (h *hidriveHash) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	onBlockWritten := func(remaining int) error {
+		var sum []byte
+		if h.onlyNullBytesInBlock {
+			sum = zeroSum[:]
+		} else {
+			sum = h.blockHash.Sum(nil)
+		}
+		h.blockHash.Reset()
+		h.aggregateToLevel(0, sum)
+		return nil
+	}
+	return writeByBlock(p, h.blockHash, uint32(BlockSize), &h.bytesInBlock, &h.onlyNullBytesInBlock, onBlockWritten)
+}
+
+// Sum appends the current hash to b and returns the resulting slice.
+// It does not change the underlying hash state.
+func (h *hidriveHash) Sum(b []byte) []byte {
+	// Save internal state.
+	state, err := h.MarshalBinary()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("saving the internal state should not have produced an error: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	if h.bytesInBlock > 0 {
+		// Fill remainder of block with null-bytes.
+		filler := make([]byte, h.BlockSize()-int(h.bytesInBlock))
+		_, err = h.Write(filler)
+		if err != nil {
+			panic(fmt.Errorf("filling with null-bytes should not have an error: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	checksum := zeroSum
+	for i := 0; i < len(h.levels); i++ {
+		level := h.levels[i]
+		if i < len(h.levels)-1 {
+			// Aggregate non-empty non-final levels.
+			if level.sumCount >= 1 {
+				h.aggregateToLevel(i+1, level.Sum(nil))
+				level.Reset()
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Determine sum of final level.
+			if level.sumCount > 1 {
+				copy(checksum[:], level.Sum(nil))
+			} else {
+				// This is needed, otherwise there is no way to return
+				// the non-position-embedded checksum.
+				checksum = h.lastSumWritten
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Restore internal state.
+	err = h.UnmarshalBinary(state)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Errorf("restoring the internal state should not have produced an error: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	return append(b, checksum[:]...)
+}
+
+// Reset resets the Hash to its initial state.
+func (h *hidriveHash) Reset() {
+	h.levels = nil
+	h.lastSumWritten = zeroSum // clear the last written checksum
+	h.bytesInBlock = 0
+	h.onlyNullBytesInBlock = true
+	h.blockHash = sha1.New()
+}
+
+// Size returns the number of bytes Sum will return.
+func (h *hidriveHash) Size() int {
+	return Size
+}
+
+// BlockSize returns the hash's underlying block size.
+// The Write method must be able to accept any amount
+// of data, but it may operate more efficiently if all writes
+// are a multiple of the block size.
+func (h *hidriveHash) BlockSize() int {
+	return BlockSize
+}
+
+// MarshalBinary encodes the hash into a binary form and returns the result.
+func (h *hidriveHash) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
+	b := make([]byte, Size+4+1+8)
+	copy(b, h.lastSumWritten[:])
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(b[Size:], h.bytesInBlock)
+	if h.onlyNullBytesInBlock {
+		b[Size+4] = 1
+	}
+
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(b[Size+4+1:], uint64(len(h.levels)))
+	for _, level := range h.levels {
+		encodedLevel, err := level.MarshalBinary()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		encodedLength := make([]byte, 8)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint64(encodedLength, uint64(len(encodedLevel)))
+		b = append(b, encodedLength...)
+		b = append(b, encodedLevel...)
+	}
+	encodedBlockHash, err := h.blockHash.(encoding.BinaryMarshaler).MarshalBinary()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	b = append(b, encodedBlockHash...)
+	return b, nil
+}
+
+// UnmarshalBinary decodes the binary form generated by MarshalBinary.
+// The hash will replace its internal state accordingly.
+func (h *hidriveHash) UnmarshalBinary(b []byte) error {
+	if len(b) < Size+4+1+8 {
+		return ErrorInvalidEncoding
+	}
+	copy(h.lastSumWritten[:], b)
+	h.bytesInBlock = binary.BigEndian.Uint32(b[Size:])
+	switch b[Size+4] {
+	case 0:
+		h.onlyNullBytesInBlock = false
+	case 1:
+		h.onlyNullBytesInBlock = true
+	default:
+		return ErrorInvalidEncoding
+	}
+
+	amount := binary.BigEndian.Uint64(b[Size+4+1:])
+	h.levels = make([]*level, int(amount))
+	offset := Size + 4 + 1 + 8
+	for i := range h.levels {
+		length := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(b[offset:]))
+		offset += 8
+		h.levels[i] = NewLevel().(*level)
+		err := h.levels[i].UnmarshalBinary(b[offset : offset+length])
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		offset += length
+	}
+	err := h.blockHash.(encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler).UnmarshalBinary(b[offset:])
+	return err
+}
+
+// Sum returns the HiDrive checksum of the data.
+func Sum(data []byte) [Size]byte {
+	h := New().(*hidriveHash)
+	_, _ = h.Write(data)
+	var result [Size]byte
+	copy(result[:], h.Sum(nil))
+	return result
+}
+
+// Check the interfaces are satisfied.
+var (
+	_ hash.Hash                  = (*level)(nil)
+	_ encoding.BinaryMarshaler   = (*level)(nil)
+	_ encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler = (*level)(nil)
+	_ internal.LevelHash         = (*level)(nil)
+	_ hash.Hash                  = (*hidriveHash)(nil)
+	_ encoding.BinaryMarshaler   = (*hidriveHash)(nil)
+	_ encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler = (*hidriveHash)(nil)
+)

backend/hidrive/hidrivehash/hidrivehash_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+package hidrivehash_test
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha1"
+	"encoding"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/hidrive/hidrivehash"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/hidrive/hidrivehash/internal"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+// helper functions to set up test-tables
+
+func sha1ArrayAsSlice(sum [sha1.Size]byte) []byte {
+	return sum[:]
+}
+
+func mustDecode(hexstring string) []byte {
+	result, err := hex.DecodeString(hexstring)
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+var testTableLevelPositionEmbedded = []struct {
+	ins  [][]byte
+	outs [][]byte
+	name string
+}{
+	{
+		[][]byte{
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{245, 202, 195, 223, 121, 198, 189, 112, 138, 202, 222, 2, 146, 156, 127, 16, 208, 233, 98, 88}),
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{78, 188, 156, 219, 173, 54, 81, 55, 47, 220, 222, 207, 201, 21, 57, 252, 255, 239, 251, 186}),
+		},
+		[][]byte{
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{245, 202, 195, 223, 121, 198, 189, 112, 138, 202, 222, 2, 146, 156, 127, 16, 208, 233, 98, 88}),
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{68, 135, 96, 187, 38, 253, 14, 167, 186, 167, 188, 210, 91, 177, 185, 13, 208, 217, 94, 18}),
+		},
+		"documentation-v3.2rev27-example L0 (position-embedded)",
+	},
+	{
+		[][]byte{
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{68, 254, 92, 166, 52, 37, 104, 180, 22, 123, 249, 144, 182, 78, 64, 74, 57, 117, 225, 195}),
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{75, 211, 153, 190, 125, 179, 67, 49, 60, 149, 98, 246, 142, 20, 11, 254, 159, 162, 129, 237}),
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{150, 2, 9, 153, 97, 153, 189, 104, 147, 14, 77, 203, 244, 243, 25, 212, 67, 48, 111, 107}),
+		},
+		[][]byte{
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{68, 254, 92, 166, 52, 37, 104, 180, 22, 123, 249, 144, 182, 78, 64, 74, 57, 117, 225, 195}),
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{144, 209, 246, 100, 177, 216, 171, 229, 83, 17, 92, 135, 68, 98, 76, 72, 217, 24, 99, 176}),
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{38, 211, 255, 254, 19, 114, 105, 77, 230, 31, 170, 83, 57, 85, 102, 29, 28, 72, 211, 27}),
+		},
+		"documentation-example L0 (position-embedded)",
+	},
+	{
+		[][]byte{
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{173, 123, 132, 245, 176, 172, 43, 183, 121, 40, 66, 252, 101, 249, 188, 193, 160, 189, 2, 116}),
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{40, 34, 8, 238, 37, 5, 237, 184, 79, 105, 10, 167, 171, 254, 13, 229, 132, 112, 254, 8}),
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{39, 112, 26, 86, 190, 35, 100, 101, 28, 131, 122, 191, 254, 144, 239, 107, 253, 124, 104, 203}),
+		},
+		[][]byte{
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{173, 123, 132, 245, 176, 172, 43, 183, 121, 40, 66, 252, 101, 249, 188, 193, 160, 189, 2, 116}),
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{213, 157, 141, 227, 213, 178, 25, 111, 200, 145, 77, 164, 17, 247, 202, 167, 37, 46, 0, 124}),
+			sha1ArrayAsSlice([20]byte{253, 13, 168, 58, 147, 213, 125, 212, 229, 20, 200, 100, 16, 136, 186, 19, 34, 170, 105, 71}),
+		},
+		"documentation-example L1 (position-embedded)",
+	},
+}
+
+var testTableLevel = []struct {
+	ins  [][]byte
+	outs [][]byte
+	name string
+}{
+	{
+		[][]byte{
+			mustDecode("09f077820a8a41f34a639f2172f1133b1eafe4e6"),
+			mustDecode("09f077820a8a41f34a639f2172f1133b1eafe4e6"),
+			mustDecode("09f077820a8a41f34a639f2172f1133b1eafe4e6"),
+		},
+		[][]byte{
+			mustDecode("44fe5ca6342568b4167bf990b64e404a3975e1c3"),
+			mustDecode("90d1f664b1d8abe553115c8744624c48d91863b0"),
+			mustDecode("26d3fffe1372694de61faa533955661d1c48d31b"),
+		},
+		"documentation-example L0",
+	},
+	{
+		[][]byte{
+			mustDecode("75a9f88fb219ef1dd31adf41c93e2efaac8d0245"),
+			mustDecode("daedc425199501b1e86b5eaba5649cbde205e6ae"),
+			mustDecode("286ac5283f99c4e0f11683900a3e39661c375dd6"),
+		},
+		[][]byte{
+			mustDecode("ad7b84f5b0ac2bb7792842fc65f9bcc1a0bd0274"),
+			mustDecode("d59d8de3d5b2196fc8914da411f7caa7252e007c"),
+			mustDecode("fd0da83a93d57dd4e514c8641088ba1322aa6947"),
+		},
+		"documentation-example L1",
+	},
+	{
+		[][]byte{
+			mustDecode("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
+			mustDecode("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
+			mustDecode("75a9f88fb219ef1dd31adf41c93e2efaac8d0245"),
+			mustDecode("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
+			mustDecode("daedc425199501b1e86b5eaba5649cbde205e6ae"),
+			mustDecode("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
+			mustDecode("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
+			mustDecode("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
+			mustDecode("286ac5283f99c4e0f11683900a3e39661c375dd6"),
+			mustDecode("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
+		},
+		[][]byte{
+			mustDecode("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
+			mustDecode("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
+			mustDecode("a197464ec19f2b2b2bc6b21f6c939c7e57772843"),
+			mustDecode("a197464ec19f2b2b2bc6b21f6c939c7e57772843"),
+			mustDecode("b04769357aa4eb4b52cd5bec6935bc8f977fa3a1"),
+			mustDecode("b04769357aa4eb4b52cd5bec6935bc8f977fa3a1"),
+			mustDecode("b04769357aa4eb4b52cd5bec6935bc8f977fa3a1"),
+			mustDecode("b04769357aa4eb4b52cd5bec6935bc8f977fa3a1"),
+			mustDecode("8f56351897b4e1d100646fa122c924347721b2f5"),
+			mustDecode("8f56351897b4e1d100646fa122c924347721b2f5"),
+		},
+		"mixed-with-empties",
+	},
+}
+
+var testTable = []struct {
+	data []byte
+	// pattern describes how to use data to construct the hash-input.
+	// For every entry n at even indices this repeats the data n times.
+	// For every entry m at odd indices this repeats a null-byte m times.
+	// The input-data is constructed by concatenating the results in order.
+	pattern []int64
+	out     []byte
+	name    string
+}{
+	{
+		[]byte("#ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\n"),
+		[]int64{64},
+		mustDecode("09f077820a8a41f34a639f2172f1133b1eafe4e6"),
+		"documentation-example L0",
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte("#ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\n"),
+		[]int64{64 * 256},
+		mustDecode("75a9f88fb219ef1dd31adf41c93e2efaac8d0245"),
+		"documentation-example L1",
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte("#ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\n"),
+		[]int64{64 * 256, 0, 64 * 128, 4096 * 128, 64*2 + 32},
+		mustDecode("fd0da83a93d57dd4e514c8641088ba1322aa6947"),
+		"documentation-example L2",
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte("hello rclone\n"),
+		[]int64{316},
+		mustDecode("72370f9c18a2c20b31d71f3f4cee7a3cd2703737"),
+		"not-block-aligned",
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte("hello rclone\n"),
+		[]int64{13, 4096 * 3, 4},
+		mustDecode("a6990b81791f0d2db750b38f046df321c975aa60"),
+		"not-block-aligned-with-null-bytes",
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte{},
+		[]int64{},
+		mustDecode("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
+		"empty",
+	},
+	{
+		[]byte{},
+		[]int64{0, 4096 * 256 * 256},
+		mustDecode("0000000000000000000000000000000000000000"),
+		"null-bytes",
+	},
+}
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestLevelAdd(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range testTableLevelPositionEmbedded {
+		l := hidrivehash.NewLevel().(internal.LevelHash)
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			for i := range test.ins {
+				l.Add(test.ins[i])
+				assert.Equal(t, test.outs[i], l.Sum(nil))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLevelWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range testTableLevel {
+		l := hidrivehash.NewLevel()
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			for i := range test.ins {
+				l.Write(test.ins[i])
+				assert.Equal(t, test.outs[i], l.Sum(nil))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLevelIsFull(t *testing.T) {
+	content := [hidrivehash.Size]byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19}
+	l := hidrivehash.NewLevel()
+	for i := 0; i < 256; i++ {
+		assert.False(t, l.(internal.LevelHash).IsFull())
+		written, err := l.Write(content[:])
+		assert.Equal(t, len(content), written)
+		if !assert.NoError(t, err) {
+			t.FailNow()
+		}
+	}
+	assert.True(t, l.(internal.LevelHash).IsFull())
+	written, err := l.Write(content[:])
+	assert.True(t, l.(internal.LevelHash).IsFull())
+	assert.Equal(t, 0, written)
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, hidrivehash.ErrorHashFull)
+}
+
+func TestLevelReset(t *testing.T) {
+	l := hidrivehash.NewLevel()
+	zeroHash := l.Sum(nil)
+	_, err := l.Write([]byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19})
+	if assert.NoError(t, err) {
+		assert.NotEqual(t, zeroHash, l.Sum(nil))
+		l.Reset()
+		assert.Equal(t, zeroHash, l.Sum(nil))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLevelSize(t *testing.T) {
+	l := hidrivehash.NewLevel()
+	assert.Equal(t, 20, l.Size())
+}
+
+func TestLevelBlockSize(t *testing.T) {
+	l := hidrivehash.NewLevel()
+	assert.Equal(t, 20, l.BlockSize())
+}
+
+func TestLevelBinaryMarshaler(t *testing.T) {
+	content := []byte{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19}
+	l := hidrivehash.NewLevel().(internal.LevelHash)
+	l.Write(content[:10])
+	encoded, err := l.MarshalBinary()
+	if assert.NoError(t, err) {
+		d := hidrivehash.NewLevel().(internal.LevelHash)
+		err = d.UnmarshalBinary(encoded)
+		if assert.NoError(t, err) {
+			assert.Equal(t, l.Sum(nil), d.Sum(nil))
+			l.Write(content[10:])
+			d.Write(content[10:])
+			assert.Equal(t, l.Sum(nil), d.Sum(nil))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLevelInvalidEncoding(t *testing.T) {
+	l := hidrivehash.NewLevel().(internal.LevelHash)
+	err := l.UnmarshalBinary([]byte{})
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, hidrivehash.ErrorInvalidEncoding)
+}
+
+// ------------------------------------------------------------
+
+type infiniteReader struct {
+	source []byte
+	offset int
+}
+
+func (m *infiniteReader) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	count := copy(b, m.source[m.offset:])
+	m.offset += count
+	m.offset %= len(m.source)
+	return count, nil
+}
+
+func writeInChunks(writer io.Writer, chunkSize int64, data []byte, pattern []int64) error {
+	readers := make([]io.Reader, len(pattern))
+	nullBytes := [4096]byte{}
+	for i, n := range pattern {
+		if i%2 == 0 {
+			readers[i] = io.LimitReader(&infiniteReader{data, 0}, n*int64(len(data)))
+		} else {
+			readers[i] = io.LimitReader(&infiniteReader{nullBytes[:], 0}, n)
+		}
+	}
+	reader := io.MultiReader(readers...)
+	for {
+		_, err := io.CopyN(writer, reader, chunkSize)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == io.EOF {
+				err = nil
+			}
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWrite(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range testTable {
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			h := hidrivehash.New()
+			err := writeInChunks(h, int64(h.BlockSize()), test.data, test.pattern)
+			if assert.NoError(t, err) {
+				normalSum := h.Sum(nil)
+				assert.Equal(t, test.out, normalSum)
+				// Test if different block-sizes produce differing results.
+				for _, blockSize := range []int64{397, 512, 4091, 8192, 10000} {
+					t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("block-size %v", blockSize), func(t *testing.T) {
+						h := hidrivehash.New()
+						err := writeInChunks(h, blockSize, test.data, test.pattern)
+						if assert.NoError(t, err) {
+							assert.Equal(t, normalSum, h.Sum(nil))
+						}
+					})
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReset(t *testing.T) {
+	h := hidrivehash.New()
+	zeroHash := h.Sum(nil)
+	_, err := h.Write([]byte{1})
+	if assert.NoError(t, err) {
+		assert.NotEqual(t, zeroHash, h.Sum(nil))
+		h.Reset()
+		assert.Equal(t, zeroHash, h.Sum(nil))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSize(t *testing.T) {
+	h := hidrivehash.New()
+	assert.Equal(t, 20, h.Size())
+}
+
+func TestBlockSize(t *testing.T) {
+	h := hidrivehash.New()
+	assert.Equal(t, 4096, h.BlockSize())
+}
+
+func TestBinaryMarshaler(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range testTable {
+		h := hidrivehash.New()
+		d := hidrivehash.New()
+		half := len(test.pattern) / 2
+		t.Run(test.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			err := writeInChunks(h, int64(h.BlockSize()), test.data, test.pattern[:half])
+			assert.NoError(t, err)
+			encoded, err := h.(encoding.BinaryMarshaler).MarshalBinary()
+			if assert.NoError(t, err) {
+				err = d.(encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler).UnmarshalBinary(encoded)
+				if assert.NoError(t, err) {
+					assert.Equal(t, h.Sum(nil), d.Sum(nil))
+					err = writeInChunks(h, int64(h.BlockSize()), test.data, test.pattern[half:])
+					assert.NoError(t, err)
+					err = writeInChunks(d, int64(d.BlockSize()), test.data, test.pattern[half:])
+					assert.NoError(t, err)
+					assert.Equal(t, h.Sum(nil), d.Sum(nil))
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInvalidEncoding(t *testing.T) {
+	h := hidrivehash.New()
+	err := h.(encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler).UnmarshalBinary([]byte{})
+	assert.ErrorIs(t, err, hidrivehash.ErrorInvalidEncoding)
+}
+
+func TestSum(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.Equal(t, [hidrivehash.Size]byte{}, hidrivehash.Sum([]byte{}))
+	content := []byte{1}
+	h := hidrivehash.New()
+	h.Write(content)
+	sum := hidrivehash.Sum(content)
+	assert.Equal(t, h.Sum(nil), sum[:])
+}

backend/hidrive/hidrivehash/internal/internal.go

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Package internal provides utilities for HiDrive.
+package internal
+
+import (
+	"encoding"
+	"hash"
+)
+
+// LevelHash is an internal interface for level-hashes.
+type LevelHash interface {
+	encoding.BinaryMarshaler
+	encoding.BinaryUnmarshaler
+	hash.Hash
+	// Add takes a position-embedded checksum and adds it to the level.
+	Add(sum []byte)
+	// IsFull returns whether the number of checksums added to this level reached its capacity.
+	IsFull() bool
+}

backend/http/http.go

@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@ package http
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"mime"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"path"
-	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/pkg/errors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configstruct"
@@ -34,37 +34,29 @@ var (
 func init() {
 	fsi := &fs.RegInfo{
 		Name:        "http",
-		Description: "http Connection",
+		Description: "HTTP",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "url",
-			Help:     "URL of http host to connect to",
+			Help:     "URL of HTTP host to connect to.\n\nE.g. \"https://example.com\", or \"https://user:pass@example.com\" to use a username and password.",
 			Required: true,
-			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
-				Value: "https://example.com",
-				Help:  "Connect to example.com",
-			}, {
-				Value: "https://user:pass@example.com",
-				Help:  "Connect to example.com using a username and password",
-			}},
 		}, {
 			Name: "headers",
-			Help: `Set HTTP headers for all transactions
+			Help: `Set HTTP headers for all transactions.
 
-Use this to set additional HTTP headers for all transactions
+Use this to set additional HTTP headers for all transactions.
 
 The input format is comma separated list of key,value pairs.  Standard
 [CSV encoding](https://godoc.org/encoding/csv) may be used.
 
-For example to set a Cookie use 'Cookie,name=value', or '"Cookie","name=value"'.
+For example, to set a Cookie use 'Cookie,name=value', or '"Cookie","name=value"'.
 
-You can set multiple headers, e.g. '"Cookie","name=value","Authorization","xxx"'.
-`,
+You can set multiple headers, e.g. '"Cookie","name=value","Authorization","xxx"'.`,
 			Default:  fs.CommaSepList{},
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "no_slash",
-			Help: `Set this if the site doesn't end directories with /
+			Help: `Set this if the site doesn't end directories with /.
 
 Use this if your target website does not use / on the end of
 directories.
@@ -80,8 +72,9 @@ directories.`,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "no_head",
-			Help: `Don't use HEAD requests to find file sizes in dir listing
+			Help: `Don't use HEAD requests.
 
+HEAD requests are mainly used to find file sizes in dir listing.
 If your site is being very slow to load then you can try this option.
 Normally rclone does a HEAD request for each potential file in a
 directory listing to:
@@ -90,12 +83,9 @@ directory listing to:
 - check it really exists
 - check to see if it is a directory
 
-If you set this option, rclone will not do the HEAD request.  This will mean
-
-- directory listings are much quicker
-- rclone won't have the times or sizes of any files
-- some files that don't exist may be in the listing
-`,
+If you set this option, rclone will not do the HEAD request. This will mean
+that directory listings are much quicker, but rclone won't have the times or
+sizes of any files, and some files that don't exist may be in the listing.`,
 			Default:  false,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}},
@@ -139,11 +129,87 @@ func statusError(res *http.Response, err error) error {
 	}
 	if res.StatusCode < 200 || res.StatusCode > 299 {
 		_ = res.Body.Close()
-		return errors.Errorf("HTTP Error %d: %s", res.StatusCode, res.Status)
+		return fmt.Errorf("HTTP Error: %s", res.Status)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
+// getFsEndpoint decides if url is to be considered a file or directory,
+// and returns a proper endpoint url to use for the fs.
+func getFsEndpoint(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, url string, opt *Options) (string, bool) {
+	// If url ends with '/' it is already a proper url always assumed to be a directory.
+	if url[len(url)-1] == '/' {
+		return url, false
+	}
+
+	// If url does not end with '/' we send a HEAD request to decide
+	// if it is directory or file, and if directory appends the missing
+	// '/', or if file returns the directory url to parent instead.
+	createFileResult := func() (string, bool) {
+		fs.Debugf(nil, "If path is a directory you must add a trailing '/'")
+		parent, _ := path.Split(url)
+		return parent, true
+	}
+	createDirResult := func() (string, bool) {
+		fs.Debugf(nil, "To avoid the initial HEAD request add a trailing '/' to the path")
+		return url + "/", false
+	}
+
+	// If HEAD requests are not allowed we just have to assume it is a file.
+	if opt.NoHead {
+		fs.Debugf(nil, "Assuming path is a file as --http-no-head is set")
+		return createFileResult()
+	}
+
+	// Use a client which doesn't follow redirects so the server
+	// doesn't redirect http://host/dir to http://host/dir/
+	noRedir := *client
+	noRedir.CheckRedirect = func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
+		return http.ErrUseLastResponse
+	}
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "HEAD", url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		fs.Debugf(nil, "Assuming path is a file as HEAD request could not be created: %v", err)
+		return createFileResult()
+	}
+	addHeaders(req, opt)
+	res, err := noRedir.Do(req)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		fs.Debugf(nil, "Assuming path is a file as HEAD request could not be sent: %v", err)
+		return createFileResult()
+	}
+	if res.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
+		fs.Debugf(nil, "Assuming path is a directory as HEAD response is it does not exist as a file (%s)", res.Status)
+		return createDirResult()
+	}
+	if res.StatusCode == http.StatusMovedPermanently ||
+		res.StatusCode == http.StatusFound ||
+		res.StatusCode == http.StatusSeeOther ||
+		res.StatusCode == http.StatusTemporaryRedirect ||
+		res.StatusCode == http.StatusPermanentRedirect {
+		redir := res.Header.Get("Location")
+		if redir != "" {
+			if redir[len(redir)-1] == '/' {
+				fs.Debugf(nil, "Assuming path is a directory as HEAD response is redirect (%s) to a path that ends with '/': %s", res.Status, redir)
+				return createDirResult()
+			}
+			fs.Debugf(nil, "Assuming path is a file as HEAD response is redirect (%s) to a path that does not end with '/': %s", res.Status, redir)
+			return createFileResult()
+		}
+		fs.Debugf(nil, "Assuming path is a file as HEAD response is redirect (%s) but no location header", res.Status)
+		return createFileResult()
+	}
+	if res.StatusCode < 200 || res.StatusCode > 299 {
+		// Example is 403 (http.StatusForbidden) for servers not allowing HEAD requests.
+		fs.Debugf(nil, "Assuming path is a file as HEAD response is an error (%s)", res.Status)
+		return createFileResult()
+	}
+
+	fs.Debugf(nil, "Assuming path is a file as HEAD response is success (%s)", res.Status)
+	return createFileResult()
+}
+
 // NewFs creates a new Fs object from the name and root. It connects to
 // the host specified in the config file.
 func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
@@ -174,37 +240,9 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 
 	client := fshttp.NewClient(ctx)
 
-	var isFile = false
-	if !strings.HasSuffix(u.String(), "/") {
-		// Make a client which doesn't follow redirects so the server
-		// doesn't redirect http://host/dir to http://host/dir/
-		noRedir := *client
-		noRedir.CheckRedirect = func(req *http.Request, via []*http.Request) error {
-			return http.ErrUseLastResponse
-		}
-		// check to see if points to a file
-		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "HEAD", u.String(), nil)
-		if err == nil {
-			addHeaders(req, opt)
-			res, err := noRedir.Do(req)
-			err = statusError(res, err)
-			if err == nil {
-				isFile = true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	newRoot := u.String()
-	if isFile {
-		// Point to the parent if this is a file
-		newRoot, _ = path.Split(u.String())
-	} else {
-		if !strings.HasSuffix(newRoot, "/") {
-			newRoot += "/"
-		}
-	}
-
-	u, err = url.Parse(newRoot)
+	endpoint, isFile := getFsEndpoint(ctx, client, u.String(), opt)
+	fs.Debugf(nil, "Root: %s", endpoint)
+	u, err = url.Parse(endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -222,12 +260,16 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
 		CanHaveEmptyDirectories: true,
 	}).Fill(ctx, f)
+
 	if isFile {
+		// return an error with an fs which points to the parent
 		return f, fs.ErrorIsFile
 	}
+
 	if !strings.HasSuffix(f.endpointURL, "/") {
 		return nil, errors.New("internal error: url doesn't end with /")
 	}
+
 	return f, nil
 }
 
@@ -262,7 +304,7 @@ func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
 		fs:     f,
 		remote: remote,
 	}
-	err := o.stat(ctx)
+	err := o.head(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -274,15 +316,6 @@ func (f *Fs) url(remote string) string {
 	return f.endpointURL + rest.URLPathEscape(remote)
 }
 
-// parse s into an int64, on failure return def
-func parseInt64(s string, def int64) int64 {
-	n, e := strconv.ParseInt(s, 10, 64)
-	if e != nil {
-		return def
-	}
-	return n
-}
-
 // Errors returned by parseName
 var (
 	errURLJoinFailed     = errors.New("URLJoin failed")
@@ -303,7 +336,7 @@ func parseName(base *url.URL, name string) (string, error) {
 	}
 	// check it doesn't have URL parameters
 	uStr := u.String()
-	if strings.Index(uStr, "?") >= 0 {
+	if strings.Contains(uStr, "?") {
 		return "", errFoundQuestionMark
 	}
 	// check that this is going back to the same host and scheme
@@ -384,15 +417,15 @@ func (f *Fs) readDir(ctx context.Context, dir string) (names []string, err error
 	URL := f.url(dir)
 	u, err := url.Parse(URL)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to readDir")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to readDir: %w", err)
 	}
 	if !strings.HasSuffix(URL, "/") {
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("internal error: readDir URL %q didn't end in /", URL)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("internal error: readDir URL %q didn't end in /", URL)
 	}
 	// Do the request
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", URL, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "readDir failed")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("readDir failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	f.addHeaders(req)
 	res, err := f.httpClient.Do(req)
@@ -404,7 +437,7 @@ func (f *Fs) readDir(ctx context.Context, dir string) (names []string, err error
 	}
 	err = statusError(res, err)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "failed to readDir")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to readDir: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	contentType := strings.SplitN(res.Header.Get("Content-Type"), ";", 2)[0]
@@ -412,10 +445,10 @@ func (f *Fs) readDir(ctx context.Context, dir string) (names []string, err error
 	case "text/html":
 		names, err = parse(u, res.Body)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "readDir")
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("readDir: %w", err)
 		}
 	default:
-		return nil, errors.Errorf("Can't parse content type %q", contentType)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("can't parse content type %q", contentType)
 	}
 	return names, nil
 }
@@ -435,7 +468,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 	}
 	names, err := f.readDir(ctx, dir)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrapf(err, "error listing %q", dir)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error listing %q: %w", dir, err)
 	}
 	var (
 		entriesMu sync.Mutex // to protect entries
@@ -457,7 +490,7 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 					fs:     f,
 					remote: remote,
 				}
-				switch err := file.stat(ctx); err {
+				switch err := file.head(ctx); err {
 				case nil:
 					add(file)
 				case fs.ErrorNotAFile:
@@ -536,8 +569,8 @@ func (o *Object) url() string {
 	return o.fs.url(o.remote)
 }
 
-// stat updates the info field in the Object
-func (o *Object) stat(ctx context.Context) error {
+// head sends a HEAD request to update info fields in the Object
+func (o *Object) head(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if o.fs.opt.NoHead {
 		o.size = -1
 		o.modTime = timeUnset
@@ -547,7 +580,7 @@ func (o *Object) stat(ctx context.Context) error {
 	url := o.url()
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "HEAD", url, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "stat failed")
+		return fmt.Errorf("stat failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	o.fs.addHeaders(req)
 	res, err := o.fs.httpClient.Do(req)
@@ -556,20 +589,26 @@ func (o *Object) stat(ctx context.Context) error {
 	}
 	err = statusError(res, err)
 	if err != nil {
-		return errors.Wrap(err, "failed to stat")
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to stat: %w", err)
 	}
+	return o.decodeMetadata(ctx, res)
+}
+
+// decodeMetadata updates info fields in the Object according to HTTP response headers
+func (o *Object) decodeMetadata(ctx context.Context, res *http.Response) error {
 	t, err := http.ParseTime(res.Header.Get("Last-Modified"))
 	if err != nil {
 		t = timeUnset
 	}
-	o.size = parseInt64(res.Header.Get("Content-Length"), -1)
 	o.modTime = t
 	o.contentType = res.Header.Get("Content-Type")
+	o.size = rest.ParseSizeFromHeaders(res.Header)
+
 	// If NoSlash is set then check ContentType to see if it is a directory
 	if o.fs.opt.NoSlash {
 		mediaType, _, err := mime.ParseMediaType(o.contentType)
 		if err != nil {
-			return errors.Wrapf(err, "failed to parse Content-Type: %q", o.contentType)
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse Content-Type: %q: %w", o.contentType, err)
 		}
 		if mediaType == "text/html" {
 			return fs.ErrorNotAFile
@@ -595,7 +634,7 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 	url := o.url()
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", url, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Open failed")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Open failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
 	// Add optional headers
@@ -608,7 +647,10 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 	res, err := o.fs.httpClient.Do(req)
 	err = statusError(res, err)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, errors.Wrap(err, "Open failed")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Open failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err = o.decodeMetadata(ctx, res); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("decodeMetadata failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	return res.Body, nil
 }