Make http servers obey --dump headers,bodies

2025-12-06 00:03:32 +00:00 · 2023-07-30 13:26:20 +01:00
605 changed files with 64583 additions and 109078 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
        include:
          - job_name: linux
            os: ubuntu-latest
-            go: '1.21'
+            go: '1.21.0-rc.3'
            gotags: cmount
            build_flags: '-include "^linux/"'
            check: true
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ jobs:

          - job_name: linux_386
            os: ubuntu-latest
-            go: '1.21'
+            go: '1.21.0-rc.3'
            goarch: 386
            gotags: cmount
            quicktest: true

          - job_name: mac_amd64
            os: macos-11
-            go: '1.21'
+            go: '1.21.0-rc.3'
            gotags: 'cmount'
            build_flags: '-include "^darwin/amd64" -cgo'
            quicktest: true
@@ -59,14 +59,14 @@ jobs:

          - job_name: mac_arm64
            os: macos-11
-            go: '1.21'
+            go: '1.21.0-rc.3'
            gotags: 'cmount'
            build_flags: '-include "^darwin/arm64" -cgo -macos-arch arm64 -cgo-cflags=-I/usr/local/include -cgo-ldflags=-L/usr/local/lib'
            deploy: true

          - job_name: windows
            os: windows-latest
-            go: '1.21'
+            go: '1.21.0-rc.3'
            gotags: cmount
            cgo: '0'
            build_flags: '-include "^windows/"'
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ jobs:

          - job_name: other_os
            os: ubuntu-latest
-            go: '1.21'
+            go: '1.21.0-rc.3'
            build_flags: '-exclude "^(windows/|darwin/|linux/)"'
            compile_all: true
            deploy: true
@@ -99,12 +99,12 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
          go-version: ${{ matrix.go }}
          check-latest: true
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ jobs:
          env

      - name: Go module cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
        with:
          path: ~/go/pkg/mod
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
@@ -216,6 +216,7 @@ jobs:
        shell: bash
        run: |
          if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "ubuntu-latest" ]]; then make release_dep_linux ; fi
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" == "windows-latest" ]]; then make release_dep_windows ; fi
          make ci_beta
        env:
          RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS: ${{ secrets.RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS }}
@@ -231,7 +232,7 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3

      - name: Code quality test
        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v3
@@ -241,9 +242,9 @@ jobs:

      # Run govulncheck on the latest go version, the one we build binaries with
      - name: Install Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
-          go-version: '1.21'
+          go-version: '1.21.0-rc.3'
          check-latest: true

      - name: Install govulncheck
@@ -260,18 +261,18 @@ jobs:

    steps:
      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

      # Upgrade together with NDK version
      - name: Set up Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v4
        with:
-          go-version: '1.21'
+          go-version: '1.21.0-rc.3'

      - name: Go module cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v3
        with:
          path: ~/go/pkg/mod
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-go-${{ hashFiles('**/go.sum') }}
--- a/.github/workflows/build_publish_beta_docker_image.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_publish_beta_docker_image.yml
@@ -10,35 +10,26 @@ jobs:
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        name: Build image job
        steps:
-            - name: Free some space
-              shell: bash
-              run: |
-                df -h .
-                # Remove android SDK
-                sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/android || true
-                # Remove .net runtime
-                sudo rm -rf /usr/share/dotnet || true
-                df -h .
            - name: Checkout master
-              uses: actions/checkout@v4
+              uses: actions/checkout@v3
              with:
                fetch-depth: 0
            - name: Login to Docker Hub
-              uses: docker/login-action@v3
+              uses: docker/login-action@v2
              with:
                username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
                password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
            - name: Extract metadata (tags, labels) for Docker
              id: meta
-              uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+              uses: docker/metadata-action@v4
              with:
                images: ghcr.io/${{ github.repository }}
            - name: Set up QEMU
-              uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+              uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v2
            - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-              uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+              uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v2
            - name: Login to GitHub Container Registry
-              uses: docker/login-action@v3
+              uses: docker/login-action@v2
              with:
                registry: ghcr.io
                # This is the user that triggered the Workflow. In this case, it will
@@ -51,12 +42,9 @@ jobs:
                # See https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-guides/automatic-token-authentication#about-the-github_token-secret
                # for more detailed information.
                password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-            - name: Show disk usage
-              shell: bash
-              run: |
-                df -h .
+
            - name: Build and publish image
-              uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
+              uses: docker/build-push-action@v4
              with:
                file: Dockerfile
                context: .
@@ -66,12 +54,8 @@ jobs:
                  rclone/rclone:beta
                labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
                platforms: linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm/v6
-                cache-from: type=gha, scope=${{ github.workflow }}
-                cache-to: type=gha, mode=max, scope=${{ github.workflow }}
+                cache-from: type=gha
+                cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
                provenance: false
              # Eventually cache will need to be cleared if builds more frequent than once a week
              # https://github.com/docker/build-push-action/issues/252
-            - name: Show disk usage
-              shell: bash
-              run: |
-                df -h .
--- a/.github/workflows/build_publish_release_docker_image.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_publish_release_docker_image.yml
@@ -10,17 +10,8 @@ jobs:
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        name: Build image job
        steps:
-            - name: Free some space
-              shell: bash
-              run: |
-                df -h .
-                # Remove android SDK
-                sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/android || true
-                # Remove .net runtime
-                sudo rm -rf /usr/share/dotnet || true
-                df -h .
            - name: Checkout master
-              uses: actions/checkout@v4
+              uses: actions/checkout@v3
              with:
                fetch-depth: 0
            - name: Get actual patch version
@@ -48,17 +39,8 @@ jobs:
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        name: Build docker plugin job
        steps:
-            - name: Free some space
-              shell: bash
-              run: |
-                df -h .
-                # Remove android SDK
-                sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/android || true
-                # Remove .net runtime
-                sudo rm -rf /usr/share/dotnet || true
-                df -h .
            - name: Checkout master
-              uses: actions/checkout@v4
+              uses: actions/checkout@v3
              with:
                fetch-depth: 0
            - name: Build and publish docker plugin
--- a/.github/workflows/winget.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/winget.yml
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ on:

 jobs:
  publish:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: windows-latest # Action can only run on Windows
    steps:
      - uses: vedantmgoyal2009/winget-releaser@v2
        with:
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -8,13 +8,10 @@ rclone.iml
 .idea
 .history
 *.test
+*.log
 *.iml
 fuzz-build.zip
 *.orig
 *.rej
 Thumbs.db
 __pycache__
-.DS_Store
-/docs/static/img/logos/
-resource_windows_*.syso
-.devcontainer
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -33,67 +33,23 @@ issues:
      - staticcheck
      text: 'SA1019: "github.com/rclone/rclone/cmd/serve/httplib" is deprecated'

-  # don't disable the revive messages about comments on exported functions
-  include:
-    - EXC0012
-    - EXC0013
-    - EXC0014
-    - EXC0015
-
 run:
  # timeout for analysis, e.g. 30s, 5m, default is 1m
  timeout: 10m

 linters-settings:
  revive:
-    # setting rules seems to disable all the rules, so re-enable them here
    rules:
-      - name: blank-imports
-        disabled: false
-      - name: context-as-argument
-        disabled: false
-      - name: context-keys-type
-        disabled: false
-      - name: dot-imports
-        disabled: false
-      - name: empty-block
-        disabled: true
-      - name: error-naming
-        disabled: false
-      - name: error-return
-        disabled: false
-      - name: error-strings
-        disabled: false
-      - name: errorf
-        disabled: false
-      - name: exported
-        disabled: false
-      - name: increment-decrement
-        disabled: true
-      - name: indent-error-flow
-        disabled: false
-      - name: package-comments
-        disabled: false
-      - name: range
-        disabled: false
-      - name: receiver-naming
-        disabled: false
-      - name: redefines-builtin-id
-        disabled: true
-      - name: superfluous-else
-        disabled: true
-      - name: time-naming
-        disabled: false
-      - name: unexported-return
-        disabled: false
      - name: unreachable-code
        disabled: true
      - name: unused-parameter
        disabled: true
-      - name: var-declaration
-        disabled: false
-      - name: var-naming
-        disabled: false
+      - name: empty-block
+        disabled: true
+      - name: redefines-builtin-id
+        disabled: true
+      - name: superfluous-else
+        disabled: true
  stylecheck:
    # Only enable the checks performed by the staticcheck stand-alone tool,
    # as documented here: https://staticcheck.io/docs/configuration/options/#checks
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
-# Contributing to rclone
+# Contributing to rclone #

 This is a short guide on how to contribute things to rclone.

-## Reporting a bug
+## Reporting a bug ##

 If you've just got a question or aren't sure if you've found a bug
 then please use the [rclone forum](https://forum.rclone.org/) instead
@@ -12,13 +12,13 @@ When filing an issue, please include the following information if
 possible as well as a description of the problem.  Make sure you test
 with the [latest beta of rclone](https://beta.rclone.org/):

- Rclone version (e.g. output from `rclone version`)
- Which OS you are using and how many bits (e.g. Windows 10, 64 bit)
- The command you were trying to run (e.g. `rclone copy /tmp remote:tmp`)
- A log of the command with the `-vv` flag (e.g. output from `rclone -vv copy /tmp remote:tmp`)
-    - if the log contains secrets then edit the file with a text editor first to obscure them
+  * Rclone version (e.g. output from `rclone version`)
+  * Which OS you are using and how many bits (e.g. Windows 10, 64 bit)
+  * The command you were trying to run (e.g. `rclone copy /tmp remote:tmp`)
+  * A log of the command with the `-vv` flag (e.g. output from `rclone -vv copy /tmp remote:tmp`)
+    * if the log contains secrets then edit the file with a text editor first to obscure them

-## Submitting a new feature or bug fix
+## Submitting a new feature or bug fix ##

 If you find a bug that you'd like to fix, or a new feature that you'd
 like to implement then please submit a pull request via GitHub.
@@ -73,9 +73,9 @@ This is typically enough if you made a simple bug fix, otherwise please read the

 Make sure you

- Add [unit tests](#testing) for a new feature.
- Add [documentation](#writing-documentation) for a new feature.
- [Commit your changes](#committing-your-changes) using the [commit message guidelines](#commit-messages).
+  * Add [unit tests](#testing) for a new feature.
+  * Add [documentation](#writing-documentation) for a new feature.
+  * [Commit your changes](#committing-your-changes) using the [message guideline](#commit-messages).

 When you are done with that push your changes to GitHub:

@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ Your changes will then get reviewed and you might get asked to fix some stuff. I

 You may sometimes be asked to [base your changes on the latest master](#basing-your-changes-on-the-latest-master) or [squash your commits](#squashing-your-commits).

-## Using Git and GitHub
+## Using Git and GitHub ##

-### Committing your changes
+### Committing your changes ###

 Follow the guideline for [commit messages](#commit-messages) and then:

@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ You can modify the message or changes in the latest commit using:

 If you amend to commits that have been pushed to GitHub, then you will have to [replace your previously pushed commits](#replacing-your-previously-pushed-commits).

-### Replacing your previously pushed commits
+### Replacing your previously pushed commits ###

 Note that you are about to rewrite the GitHub history of your branch. It is good practice to involve your collaborators before modifying commits that have been pushed to GitHub.

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ Your previously pushed commits are replaced by:

    git push --force origin my-new-feature 

-### Basing your changes on the latest master
+### Basing your changes on the latest master ###

 To base your changes on the latest version of the [rclone master](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/tree/master) (upstream):

@@ -149,21 +149,13 @@ If you squash commits that have been pushed to GitHub, then you will have to [re

 Tip: You may like to use `git rebase -i master` if you are experienced or have a more complex situation.

-### GitHub Continuous Integration
+### GitHub Continuous Integration ###

 rclone currently uses [GitHub Actions](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/actions) to build and test the project, which should be automatically available for your fork too from the `Actions` tab in your repository.

-## Testing
+## Testing ##

-### Code quality tests
-
-If you install [golangci-lint](https://github.com/golangci/golangci-lint) then you can run the same tests as get run in the CI which can be very helpful.
-
-You can run them with `make check` or with `golangci-lint run ./...`.
-
-Using these tests ensures that the rclone codebase all uses the same coding standards. These tests also check for easy mistakes to make (like forgetting to check an error return).
-
-### Quick testing
+### Quick testing ###

 rclone's tests are run from the go testing framework, so at the top
 level you can run this to run all the tests.
@@ -176,7 +168,7 @@ You can also use `make`, if supported by your platform

 The quicktest is [automatically run by GitHub](#github-continuous-integration) when you push your branch to GitHub.

-### Backend testing
+### Backend testing ###

 rclone contains a mixture of unit tests and integration tests.
 Because it is difficult (and in some respects pointless) to test cloud
@@ -211,7 +203,7 @@ project root:
    go install github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/test_all
    test_all -backend drive

-### Full integration testing
+### Full integration testing ###

 If you want to run all the integration tests against all the remotes,
 then change into the project root and run
@@ -226,56 +218,55 @@ The commands may require some extra go packages which you can install with
 The full integration tests are run daily on the integration test server. You can
 find the results at https://pub.rclone.org/integration-tests/

-## Code Organisation
+## Code Organisation ##

 Rclone code is organised into a small number of top level directories
 with modules beneath.

- backend - the rclone backends for interfacing to cloud providers -
-    - all - import this to load all the cloud providers
-    - ...providers
- bin - scripts for use while building or maintaining rclone
- cmd - the rclone commands
-    - all - import this to load all the commands
-    - ...commands
- cmdtest - end-to-end tests of commands, flags, environment variables,...
- docs - the documentation and website
-    - content - adjust these docs only - everything else is autogenerated
-    - command - these are auto-generated - edit the corresponding .go file
- fs - main rclone definitions - minimal amount of code
-    - accounting - bandwidth limiting and statistics
-    - asyncreader - an io.Reader which reads ahead
-    - config - manage the config file and flags
-    - driveletter - detect if a name is a drive letter
-    - filter - implements include/exclude filtering
-    - fserrors - rclone specific error handling
-    - fshttp - http handling for rclone
-    - fspath - path handling for rclone
-    - hash - defines rclone's hash types and functions
-    - list - list a remote
-    - log - logging facilities
-    - march - iterates directories in lock step
-    - object - in memory Fs objects
-    - operations - primitives for sync, e.g. Copy, Move
-    - sync - sync directories
-    - walk - walk a directory
- fstest - provides integration test framework
-    - fstests - integration tests for the backends
-    - mockdir - mocks an fs.Directory
-    - mockobject - mocks an fs.Object
-    - test_all - Runs integration tests for everything
- graphics - the images used in the website, etc.
- lib - libraries used by the backend
-    - atexit - register functions to run when rclone exits
-    - dircache - directory ID to name caching
-    - oauthutil - helpers for using oauth
-    - pacer - retries with backoff and paces operations
-    - readers - a selection of useful io.Readers
-    - rest - a thin abstraction over net/http for REST
- librclone - in memory interface to rclone's API for embedding rclone
- vfs - Virtual FileSystem layer for implementing rclone mount and similar
+  * backend - the rclone backends for interfacing to cloud providers -
+    * all - import this to load all the cloud providers
+    * ...providers
+  * bin - scripts for use while building or maintaining rclone
+  * cmd - the rclone commands
+    * all - import this to load all the commands
+    * ...commands
+  * cmdtest - end-to-end tests of commands, flags, environment variables,...
+  * docs - the documentation and website
+    * content - adjust these docs only - everything else is autogenerated
+      * command - these are auto-generated - edit the corresponding .go file
+  * fs - main rclone definitions - minimal amount of code
+    * accounting - bandwidth limiting and statistics
+    * asyncreader - an io.Reader which reads ahead
+    * config - manage the config file and flags
+    * driveletter - detect if a name is a drive letter
+    * filter - implements include/exclude filtering
+    * fserrors - rclone specific error handling
+    * fshttp - http handling for rclone
+    * fspath - path handling for rclone
+    * hash - defines rclone's hash types and functions
+    * list - list a remote
+    * log - logging facilities
+    * march - iterates directories in lock step
+    * object - in memory Fs objects
+    * operations - primitives for sync, e.g. Copy, Move
+    * sync - sync directories
+    * walk - walk a directory
+  * fstest - provides integration test framework
+    * fstests - integration tests for the backends
+    * mockdir - mocks an fs.Directory
+    * mockobject - mocks an fs.Object
+    * test_all - Runs integration tests for everything
+  * graphics - the images used in the website, etc.
+  * lib - libraries used by the backend
+    * atexit - register functions to run when rclone exits
+    * dircache - directory ID to name caching
+    * oauthutil - helpers for using oauth
+    * pacer - retries with backoff and paces operations
+    * readers - a selection of useful io.Readers
+    * rest - a thin abstraction over net/http for REST
+  * vfs - Virtual FileSystem layer for implementing rclone mount and similar

-## Writing Documentation
+## Writing Documentation ##

 If you are adding a new feature then please update the documentation.

@@ -286,22 +277,22 @@ alphabetical order.
 If you add a new backend option/flag, then it should be documented in
 the source file in the `Help:` field.

- Start with the most important information about the option,
+  * Start with the most important information about the option,
    as a single sentence on a single line.
-    - This text will be used for the command-line flag help.
-    - It will be combined with other information, such as any default value,
+    * This text will be used for the command-line flag help.
+    * It will be combined with other information, such as any default value,
      and the result will look odd if not written as a single sentence.
-    - It should end with a period/full stop character, which will be shown
+    * It should end with a period/full stop character, which will be shown
      in docs but automatically removed when producing the flag help.
-    - Try to keep it below 80 characters, to reduce text wrapping in the terminal.
- More details can be added in a new paragraph, after an empty line (`"\n\n"`).
-    - Like with docs generated from Markdown, a single line break is ignored
+    * Try to keep it below 80 characters, to reduce text wrapping in the terminal.
+  * More details can be added in a new paragraph, after an empty line (`"\n\n"`).
+    * Like with docs generated from Markdown, a single line break is ignored
      and two line breaks creates a new paragraph.
-    - This text will be shown to the user in `rclone config`
+    * This text will be shown to the user in `rclone config`
      and in the docs (where it will be added by `make backenddocs`,
      normally run some time before next release).
- To create options of enumeration type use the `Examples:` field.
-    - Each example value have their own `Help:` field, but they are treated
+  * To create options of enumeration type use the `Examples:` field.
+    * Each example value have their own `Help:` field, but they are treated
      a bit different than the main option help text. They will be shown
      as an unordered list, therefore a single line break is enough to
      create a new list item. Also, for enumeration texts like name of
@@ -321,12 +312,12 @@ combined unmodified with other information (such as any default value).
 Note that you can use [GitHub's online editor](https://help.github.com/en/github/managing-files-in-a-repository/editing-files-in-another-users-repository)
 for small changes in the docs which makes it very easy.

-## Making a release
+## Making a release ##

 There are separate instructions for making a release in the RELEASE.md
 file.

-## Commit messages
+## Commit messages ##

 Please make the first line of your commit message a summary of the
 change that a user (not a developer) of rclone would like to read, and
@@ -367,7 +358,7 @@ error fixing the hang.
 Fixes #1498
 ```

-## Adding a dependency
+## Adding a dependency ##

 rclone uses the [go
 modules](https://tip.golang.org/cmd/go/#hdr-Modules__module_versions__and_more)
@@ -379,7 +370,7 @@ To add a dependency `github.com/ncw/new_dependency` see the
 instructions below.  These will fetch the dependency and add it to
 `go.mod` and `go.sum`.

-    go get github.com/ncw/new_dependency
+    GO111MODULE=on go get github.com/ncw/new_dependency

 You can add constraints on that package when doing `go get` (see the
 go docs linked above), but don't unless you really need to.
@@ -387,15 +378,15 @@ go docs linked above), but don't unless you really need to.
 Please check in the changes generated by `go mod` including `go.mod`
 and `go.sum` in the same commit as your other changes.

-## Updating a dependency
+## Updating a dependency ##

 If you need to update a dependency then run

-    go get golang.org/x/crypto
+    GO111MODULE=on go get -u golang.org/x/crypto

 Check in a single commit as above.

-## Updating all the dependencies
+## Updating all the dependencies ##

 In order to update all the dependencies then run `make update`.  This
 just uses the go modules to update all the modules to their latest
@@ -404,7 +395,7 @@ stable release. Check in the changes in a single commit as above.
 This should be done early in the release cycle to pick up new versions
 of packages in time for them to get some testing.

-## Updating a backend
+## Updating a backend ##

 If you update a backend then please run the unit tests and the
 integration tests for that backend.
@@ -419,133 +410,82 @@ integration tests.

 The next section goes into more detail about the tests.

-## Writing a new backend
+## Writing a new backend ##

 Choose a name.  The docs here will use `remote` as an example.

 Note that in rclone terminology a file system backend is called a
 remote or an fs.

-### Research
+Research

- Look at the interfaces defined in `fs/types.go`
- Study one or more of the existing remotes
+  * Look at the interfaces defined in `fs/types.go`
+  * Study one or more of the existing remotes

-### Getting going
+Getting going

- Create `backend/remote/remote.go` (copy this from a similar remote)
-    - box is a good one to start from if you have a directory-based remote (and shows how to use the directory cache)
-    - b2 is a good one to start from if you have a bucket-based remote
- Add your remote to the imports in `backend/all/all.go`
- HTTP based remotes are easiest to maintain if they use rclone's [lib/rest](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest) module, but if there is a really good Go SDK from the provider then use that instead.
- Try to implement as many optional methods as possible as it makes the remote more usable.
- Use [lib/encoder](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder) to make sure we can encode any path name and `rclone info` to help determine the encodings needed
-    - `rclone purge -v TestRemote:rclone-info`
-    - `rclone test info --all --remote-encoding None -vv --write-json remote.json TestRemote:rclone-info`
-    - `go run cmd/test/info/internal/build_csv/main.go -o remote.csv remote.json`
-    - open `remote.csv` in a spreadsheet and examine
+  * Create `backend/remote/remote.go` (copy this from a similar remote)
+    * box is a good one to start from if you have a directory-based remote
+    * b2 is a good one to start from if you have a bucket-based remote
+  * Add your remote to the imports in `backend/all/all.go`
+  * HTTP based remotes are easiest to maintain if they use rclone's rest module, but if there is a really good go SDK then use that instead.
+  * Try to implement as many optional methods as possible as it makes the remote more usable.
+  * Use lib/encoder to make sure we can encode any path name and `rclone info` to help determine the encodings needed
+    * `rclone purge -v TestRemote:rclone-info`
+    * `rclone test info --all --remote-encoding None -vv --write-json remote.json TestRemote:rclone-info`
+    * `go run cmd/test/info/internal/build_csv/main.go -o remote.csv remote.json`
+    * open `remote.csv` in a spreadsheet and examine

-### Guidelines for a speedy merge
+Unit tests

- **Do** use [lib/rest](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest) if you are implementing a REST like backend and parsing XML/JSON in the backend.
- **Do** use rclone's Client or Transport from [fs/fshttp](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fshttp) if your backend is HTTP based - this adds features like `--dump bodies`, `--tpslimit`, `--user-agent` without you having to code anything!
- **Do** follow your example backend exactly - use the same code order, function names, layout, structure. **Don't** move stuff around and **Don't** delete the comments.
- **Do not** split your backend up into `fs.go` and `object.go` (there are a few backends like that - don't follow them!)
- **Do** put your API type definitions in a separate file - by preference `api/types.go`
- **Remember** we have >50 backends to maintain so keeping them as similar as possible to each other is a high priority!
+  * Create a config entry called `TestRemote` for the unit tests to use
+  * Create a `backend/remote/remote_test.go` - copy and adjust your example remote
+  * Make sure all tests pass with `go test -v`

-### Unit tests
+Integration tests

- Create a config entry called `TestRemote` for the unit tests to use
- Create a `backend/remote/remote_test.go` - copy and adjust your example remote
- Make sure all tests pass with `go test -v`
-
-### Integration tests
-
- Add your backend to `fstest/test_all/config.yaml`
-    - Once you've done that then you can use the integration test framework from the project root:
-    - go install ./...
-    - test_all -backends remote
+  * Add your backend to `fstest/test_all/config.yaml`
+      * Once you've done that then you can use the integration test framework from the project root:
+      * go install ./...
+      * test_all -backends remote

 Or if you want to run the integration tests manually:

- Make sure integration tests pass with
-    - `cd fs/operations`
-    - `go test -v -remote TestRemote:`
-    - `cd fs/sync`
-    - `go test -v -remote TestRemote:`
- If your remote defines `ListR` check with this also
-    - `go test -v -remote TestRemote: -fast-list`
+  * Make sure integration tests pass with
+      * `cd fs/operations`
+      * `go test -v -remote TestRemote:`
+      * `cd fs/sync`
+      * `go test -v -remote TestRemote:`
+  * If your remote defines `ListR` check with this also
+      * `go test -v -remote TestRemote: -fast-list`

 See the [testing](#testing) section for more information on integration tests.

-### Backend documentation
-
-Add your backend to the docs - you'll need to pick an icon for it from
+Add your fs to the docs - you'll need to pick an icon for it from
 [fontawesome](http://fontawesome.io/icons/).  Keep lists of remotes in
 alphabetical order of full name of remote (e.g. `drive` is ordered as
 `Google Drive`) but with the local file system last.

- `README.md` - main GitHub page
- `docs/content/remote.md` - main docs page (note the backend options are automatically added to this file with `make backenddocs`)
-    - make sure this has the `autogenerated options` comments in (see your reference backend docs)
-    - update them in your backend with `bin/make_backend_docs.py remote`
- `docs/content/overview.md` - overview docs
- `docs/content/docs.md` - list of remotes in config section
- `docs/content/_index.md` - front page of rclone.org
- `docs/layouts/chrome/navbar.html` - add it to the website navigation
- `bin/make_manual.py` - add the page to the `docs` constant
+  * `README.md` - main GitHub page
+  * `docs/content/remote.md` - main docs page (note the backend options are automatically added to this file with `make backenddocs`)
+    * make sure this has the `autogenerated options` comments in (see your reference backend docs)
+    * update them with `make backenddocs` - revert any changes in other backends
+  * `docs/content/overview.md` - overview docs
+  * `docs/content/docs.md` - list of remotes in config section
+  * `docs/content/_index.md` - front page of rclone.org
+  * `docs/layouts/chrome/navbar.html` - add it to the website navigation
+  * `bin/make_manual.py` - add the page to the `docs` constant

 Once you've written the docs, run `make serve` and check they look OK
 in the web browser and the links (internal and external) all work.

-## Adding a new s3 provider
-
-It is quite easy to add a new S3 provider to rclone.
-
-You'll need to modify the following files
-
- `backend/s3/s3.go`
-    - Add the provider to `providerOption` at the top of the file
-    - Add endpoints and other config for your provider gated on the provider in `fs.RegInfo`.
-    - Exclude your provider from genric config questions (eg `region` and `endpoint).
-    - Add the provider to the `setQuirks` function - see the documentation there.
- `docs/content/s3.md`
-    - Add the provider at the top of the page.
-    - Add a section about the provider linked from there.
-    - Add a transcript of a trial `rclone config` session
-        - Edit the transcript to remove things which might change in subsequent versions
-    - **Do not** alter or add to the autogenerated parts of `s3.md`
-    - **Do not** run `make backenddocs` or `bin/make_backend_docs.py s3`
- `README.md` - this is the home page in github
-    - Add the provider and a link to the section you wrote in `docs/contents/s3.md`
- `docs/content/_index.md` - this is the home page of rclone.org
-    - Add the provider and a link to the section you wrote in `docs/contents/s3.md`
-
-When adding the provider, endpoints, quirks, docs etc keep them in
-alphabetical order by `Provider` name, but with `AWS` first and
-`Other` last.
-
-Once you've written the docs, run `make serve` and check they look OK
-in the web browser and the links (internal and external) all work.
-
-Once you've written the code, test `rclone config` works to your
-satisfaction, and check the integration tests work `go test -v -remote
-NewS3Provider:`. You may need to adjust the quirks to get them to
-pass. Some providers just can't pass the tests with control characters
-in the names so if these fail and the provider doesn't support
-`urlEncodeListings` in the quirks then ignore them. Note that the
-`SetTier` test may also fail on non AWS providers.
-
-For an example of adding an s3 provider see [eb3082a1](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/commit/eb3082a1ebdb76d5625f14cedec3f5154a5e7b10).
-
-## Writing a plugin
+## Writing a plugin ##

 New features (backends, commands) can also be added "out-of-tree", through Go plugins.
 Changes will be kept in a dynamically loaded file instead of being compiled into the main binary.
 This is useful if you can't merge your changes upstream or don't want to maintain a fork of rclone.

-### Usage
+Usage

 - Naming
   - Plugins names must have the pattern `librcloneplugin_KIND_NAME.so`.
@@ -560,7 +500,7 @@ This is useful if you can't merge your changes upstream or don't want to maintai
   - Plugins must be compiled against the exact version of rclone to work.
     (The rclone used during building the plugin must be the same as the source of rclone)

-### Building
+Building

 To turn your existing additions into a Go plugin, move them to an external repository
 and change the top-level package name to `main`.
--- a/3
+++ b/3
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
-FROM golang:alpine AS builder
+FROM golang AS builder

 COPY . /go/src/github.com/rclone/rclone/
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/rclone/rclone/

-RUN apk add --no-cache make bash gawk git
 RUN \
  CGO_ENABLED=0 \
  make
--- a/MAINTAINERS.md
+++ b/MAINTAINERS.md
@@ -19,8 +19,6 @@ Current active maintainers of rclone are:
 | wiserain         | @wiserain         | pikpak backend               |
 | albertony        | @albertony        |                              |
 | Chun-Hung Tseng  | @henrybear327     | Proton Drive Backend         |
-| Hideo Aoyama     | @boukendesho      | snap packaging               |
-| nielash          | @nielash          | bisync                       |

 **This is a work in progress Draft**

--- a/MANUAL.html
+++ b/MANUAL.html
--- a/MANUAL.md
+++ b/MANUAL.md
--- a/MANUAL.txt
+++ b/MANUAL.txt
--- a/17
+++ b/17
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ ifdef RELEASE_TAG
 	TAG := $(RELEASE_TAG)
 endif
 GO_VERSION := $(shell go version)
-GO_OS := $(shell go env GOOS)
 ifdef BETA_SUBDIR
 	BETA_SUBDIR := /$(BETA_SUBDIR)
 endif
@@ -47,13 +46,7 @@ endif
 .PHONY: rclone test_all vars version

 rclone:
-ifeq ($(GO_OS),windows)
-	go run bin/resource_windows.go -version $(TAG) -syso resource_windows_`go env GOARCH`.syso
-endif
 	go build -v --ldflags "-s -X github.com/rclone/rclone/fs.Version=$(TAG)" $(BUILDTAGS) $(BUILD_ARGS)
-ifeq ($(GO_OS),windows)
-	rm resource_windows_`go env GOARCH`.syso
-endif
 	mkdir -p `go env GOPATH`/bin/
 	cp -av rclone`go env GOEXE` `go env GOPATH`/bin/rclone`go env GOEXE`.new
 	mv -v `go env GOPATH`/bin/rclone`go env GOEXE`.new `go env GOPATH`/bin/rclone`go env GOEXE`
@@ -73,10 +66,6 @@ btest:
 	@echo "[$(TAG)]($(BETA_URL)) on branch [$(BRANCH)](https://github.com/rclone/rclone/tree/$(BRANCH)) (uploaded in 15-30 mins)" | xclip -r -sel clip
 	@echo "Copied markdown of beta release to clip board"

-btesth:
-	@echo "<a href="$(BETA_URL)">$(TAG)</a> on branch <a href="https://github.com/rclone/rclone/tree/$(BRANCH)">$(BRANCH)</a> (uploaded in 15-30 mins)" | xclip -r -sel clip -t text/html
-	@echo "Copied beta release in HTML to clip board"
-
 version:
 	@echo '$(TAG)'

@@ -109,6 +98,10 @@ build_dep:
 release_dep_linux:
 	go install github.com/goreleaser/nfpm/v2/cmd/nfpm@latest

+# Get the release dependencies we only install on Windows
+release_dep_windows:
+	GOOS="" GOARCH="" go install github.com/josephspurrier/goversioninfo/cmd/goversioninfo@latest
+
 # Update dependencies
 showupdates:
 	@echo "*** Direct dependencies that could be updated ***"
@@ -153,7 +146,7 @@ rcdocs: rclone

 install: rclone
 	install -d ${DESTDIR}/usr/bin
-	install ${GOPATH}/bin/rclone ${DESTDIR}/usr/bin
+	install -t ${DESTDIR}/usr/bin ${GOPATH}/bin/rclone

 clean:
 	go clean ./...
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 [<img src="https://rclone.org/img/logo_on_light__horizontal_color.svg" width="50%" alt="rclone logo">](https://rclone.org/#gh-light-mode-only)
 [<img src="https://rclone.org/img/logo_on_dark__horizontal_color.svg" width="50%" alt="rclone logo">](https://rclone.org/#gh-dark-mode-only)
-[<img src="https://rclone.org/img/logos/warp-github-light.svg" title="Visit warp.dev to learn more." align="right">](https://www.warp.dev/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=rclone_20231103#gh-light-mode-only)
-[<img src="https://rclone.org/img/logos/warp-github-dark.svg" title="Visit warp.dev to learn more." align="right">](https://www.warp.dev/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=referral&utm_campaign=rclone_20231103#gh-dark-mode-only)

 [Website](https://rclone.org) |
 [Documentation](https://rclone.org/docs/) |
@@ -48,7 +46,6 @@ Rclone *("rsync for cloud storage")* is a command-line program to sync files and
  * HiDrive [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/hidrive/)
  * HTTP [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/http/)
  * Huawei Cloud Object Storage Service(OBS) [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#huawei-obs)
-  * ImageKit [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/imagekit/)
  * Internet Archive [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/internetarchive/)
  * Jottacloud [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/jottacloud/)
  * IBM COS S3 [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#ibm-cos-s3)
@@ -56,14 +53,11 @@ Rclone *("rsync for cloud storage")* is a command-line program to sync files and
  * Koofr [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/koofr/)
  * Leviia Object Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#leviia)
  * Liara Object Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#liara-object-storage)
-  * Linkbox [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/linkbox)
-  * Linode Object Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#linode)
  * Mail.ru Cloud [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/mailru/)
  * Memset Memstore [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/swift/)
  * Mega [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/mega/)
  * Memory [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/memory/)
  * Microsoft Azure Blob Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/azureblob/)
-  * Microsoft Azure Files Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/azurefiles/)
  * Microsoft OneDrive [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/onedrive/)
  * Minio [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#minio)
  * Nextcloud [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/webdav/#nextcloud)
@@ -79,10 +73,8 @@ Rclone *("rsync for cloud storage")* is a command-line program to sync files and
  * PikPak [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/pikpak/)
  * premiumize.me [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/premiumizeme/)
  * put.io [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/putio/)
-  * Proton Drive [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/protondrive/)
  * QingStor [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/qingstor/)
  * Qiniu Cloud Object Storage (Kodo) [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#qiniu)
-  * Quatrix [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/quatrix/)
  * Rackspace Cloud Files [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/swift/)
  * RackCorp Object Storage [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#RackCorp)
  * Scaleway [:page_facing_up:](https://rclone.org/s3/#scaleway)
@@ -123,7 +115,6 @@ These backends adapt or modify other storage providers
  * Partial syncs supported on a whole file basis
  * [Copy](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_copy/) mode to just copy new/changed files
  * [Sync](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_sync/) (one way) mode to make a directory identical
-  * [Bisync](https://rclone.org/bisync/) (two way) to keep two directories in sync bidirectionally
  * [Check](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_check/) mode to check for file hash equality
  * Can sync to and from network, e.g. two different cloud accounts
  * Optional large file chunking ([Chunker](https://rclone.org/chunker/))
--- a/RELEASE.md
+++ b/RELEASE.md
@@ -41,15 +41,12 @@ Early in the next release cycle update the dependencies

  * Review any pinned packages in go.mod and remove if possible
  * make updatedirect
-  * make GOTAGS=cmount
-  * make compiletest
+  * make
  * git commit -a -v
  * make update
-  * make GOTAGS=cmount
-  * make compiletest
+  * make
  * roll back any updates which didn't compile
  * git commit -a -v --amend
-  * **NB** watch out for this changing the default go version in `go.mod`

 Note that `make update` updates all direct and indirect dependencies
 and there can occasionally be forwards compatibility problems with
@@ -93,52 +90,34 @@ Now
  * git commit -a -v -m "Changelog updates from Version ${NEW_TAG}"
  * git push

-## Sponsor logos
-
-If updating the website note that the sponsor logos have been moved out of the main repository.
-
-You will need to checkout `/docs/static/img/logos` from https://github.com/rclone/third-party-logos
-which is a private repo containing artwork from sponsors.
-
-## Update the website between releases
-
-Create an update website branch based off the last release
-
-    git co -b update-website
-
-If the branch already exists, double check there are no commits that need saving.
-
-Now reset the branch to the last release
-
-    git reset --hard v1.64.0
-
-Create the changes, check them in, test with `make serve` then
-
-    make upload_test_website
-
-Check out https://test.rclone.org and when happy
-
-    make upload_website
-
-Cherry pick any changes back to master and the stable branch if it is active.
-
 ## Making a manual build of docker

-To do a basic build of rclone's docker image to debug builds locally:
-
-```
-docker buildx build --load -t rclone/rclone:testing --progress=plain .
-docker run --rm rclone/rclone:testing version
-```
-
-To test the multipatform build
-
-```
-docker buildx build -t rclone/rclone:testing --progress=plain --platform linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7,linux/arm/v6 .
-```
-
-To make a full build then set the tags correctly and add `--push`
+The rclone docker image should autobuild on via GitHub actions.  If it doesn't
+or needs to be updated then rebuild like this.
+
+See: https://github.com/ilteoood/docker_buildx/issues/19
+See: https://github.com/ilteoood/docker_buildx/blob/master/scripts/install_buildx.sh

 ```
+git co v1.54.1
+docker pull golang
+export DOCKER_CLI_EXPERIMENTAL=enabled
+docker buildx create --name actions_builder --use
+docker run --rm --privileged docker/binfmt:820fdd95a9972a5308930a2bdfb8573dd4447ad3
+docker run --rm --privileged multiarch/qemu-user-static --reset -p yes
+SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS=$(docker buildx inspect --bootstrap | grep 'Platforms:*.*' | cut -d : -f2,3)
+echo "Supported platforms: $SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS"
 docker buildx build --platform linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm64,linux/arm/v7 -t rclone/rclone:1.54.1 -t rclone/rclone:1.54 -t rclone/rclone:1 -t rclone/rclone:latest --push .
+docker buildx stop actions_builder
+```
+
+### Old build for linux/amd64 only
+
+```
+docker pull golang
+docker build --rm --ulimit memlock=67108864  -t rclone/rclone:1.52.0 -t rclone/rclone:1.52 -t rclone/rclone:1 -t rclone/rclone:latest .
+docker push rclone/rclone:1.52.0
+docker push rclone/rclone:1.52
+docker push rclone/rclone:1
+docker push rclone/rclone:latest
 ```
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -1 +1 @@
-v1.65.2
+v1.64.0
--- a/backend/all/all.go
+++ b/backend/all/all.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/alias"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/amazonclouddrive"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/azureblob"
-	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/azurefiles"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/b2"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/box"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/cache"
@@ -25,11 +24,9 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/hdfs"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/hidrive"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/http"
-	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/imagekit"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/internetarchive"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/jottacloud"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/koofr"
-	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/linkbox"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/local"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/mailru"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/mega"
@@ -44,7 +41,6 @@ import (
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/protondrive"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/putio"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/qingstor"
-	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/quatrix"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/s3"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/seafile"
 	_ "github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/sftp"
--- a/backend/azureblob/azureblob.go
+++ b/backend/azureblob/azureblob.go
@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
 package azureblob

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/md5"
 	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"path"
-	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob/sas"
 	"github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob/service"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/chunksize"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
@@ -46,8 +46,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/bucket"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/env"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/multipart"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pacer"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pool"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/readers"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
 )

 const (
@@ -68,16 +70,12 @@ const (
 	emulatorAccount      = "devstoreaccount1"
 	emulatorAccountKey   = "Eby8vdM02xNOcqFlqUwJPLlmEtlCDXJ1OUzFT50uSRZ6IFsuFq2UVErCz4I6tq/K1SZFPTOtr/KBHBeksoGMGw=="
 	emulatorBlobEndpoint = "http://127.0.0.1:10000/devstoreaccount1"
+	memoryPoolFlushTime  = fs.Duration(time.Minute) // flush the cached buffers after this long
+	memoryPoolUseMmap    = false
 )

 var (
 	errCantUpdateArchiveTierBlobs = fserrors.NoRetryError(errors.New("can't update archive tier blob without --azureblob-archive-tier-delete"))
-
-	// Take this when changing or reading metadata.
-	//
-	// It acts as global metadata lock so we don't bloat Object
-	// with an extra lock that will only very rarely be contended.
-	metadataMu sync.Mutex
 )

 // Register with Fs
@@ -296,10 +294,10 @@ avoid the time out.`,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "access_tier",
-			Help: `Access tier of blob: hot, cool, cold or archive.
+			Help: `Access tier of blob: hot, cool or archive.

-Archived blobs can be restored by setting access tier to hot, cool or
-cold. Leave blank if you intend to use default access tier, which is
+Archived blobs can be restored by setting access tier to hot or
+cool. Leave blank if you intend to use default access tier, which is
 set at account level

 If there is no "access tier" specified, rclone doesn't apply any tier.
@@ -307,7 +305,7 @@ rclone performs "Set Tier" operation on blobs while uploading, if objects
 are not modified, specifying "access tier" to new one will have no effect.
 If blobs are in "archive tier" at remote, trying to perform data transfer
 operations from remote will not be allowed. User should first restore by
-tiering blob to "Hot", "Cool" or "Cold".`,
+tiering blob to "Hot" or "Cool".`,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "archive_tier_delete",
@@ -339,16 +337,17 @@ to start uploading.`,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "memory_pool_flush_time",
-			Default:  fs.Duration(time.Minute),
+			Default:  memoryPoolFlushTime,
 			Advanced: true,
-			Hide:     fs.OptionHideBoth,
-			Help:     `How often internal memory buffer pools will be flushed. (no longer used)`,
+			Help: `How often internal memory buffer pools will be flushed.
+
+Uploads which requires additional buffers (f.e multipart) will use memory pool for allocations.
+This option controls how often unused buffers will be removed from the pool.`,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "memory_pool_use_mmap",
-			Default:  false,
+			Default:  memoryPoolUseMmap,
 			Advanced: true,
-			Hide:     fs.OptionHideBoth,
-			Help:     `Whether to use mmap buffers in internal memory pool. (no longer used)`,
+			Help:     `Whether to use mmap buffers in internal memory pool.`,
 		}, {
 			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
 			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
@@ -433,6 +432,8 @@ type Options struct {
 	ArchiveTierDelete          bool                 `config:"archive_tier_delete"`
 	UseEmulator                bool                 `config:"use_emulator"`
 	DisableCheckSum            bool                 `config:"disable_checksum"`
+	MemoryPoolFlushTime        fs.Duration          `config:"memory_pool_flush_time"`
+	MemoryPoolUseMmap          bool                 `config:"memory_pool_use_mmap"`
 	Enc                        encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
 	PublicAccess               string               `config:"public_access"`
 	DirectoryMarkers           bool                 `config:"directory_markers"`
@@ -456,6 +457,8 @@ type Fs struct {
 	cache         *bucket.Cache                // cache for container creation status
 	pacer         *fs.Pacer                    // To pace and retry the API calls
 	uploadToken   *pacer.TokenDispenser        // control concurrency
+	pool          *pool.Pool                   // memory pool
+	poolSize      int64                        // size of pages in memory pool
 	publicAccess  container.PublicAccessType   // Container Public Access Level
 }

@@ -468,7 +471,7 @@ type Object struct {
 	size       int64             // Size of the object
 	mimeType   string            // Content-Type of the object
 	accessTier blob.AccessTier   // Blob Access Tier
-	meta       map[string]string // blob metadata - take metadataMu when accessing
+	meta       map[string]string // blob metadata
 }

 // ------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -521,7 +524,6 @@ func (o *Object) split() (container, containerPath string) {
 func validateAccessTier(tier string) bool {
 	return strings.EqualFold(tier, string(blob.AccessTierHot)) ||
 		strings.EqualFold(tier, string(blob.AccessTierCool)) ||
-		strings.EqualFold(tier, string(blob.AccessTierCold)) ||
 		strings.EqualFold(tier, string(blob.AccessTierArchive))
 }

@@ -651,8 +653,8 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	if opt.AccessTier == "" {
 		opt.AccessTier = string(defaultAccessTier)
 	} else if !validateAccessTier(opt.AccessTier) {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("supported access tiers are %s, %s, %s and %s",
-			string(blob.AccessTierHot), string(blob.AccessTierCool), string(blob.AccessTierCold), string(blob.AccessTierArchive))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("supported access tiers are %s, %s and %s",
+			string(blob.AccessTierHot), string(blob.AccessTierCool), string(blob.AccessTierArchive))
 	}

 	if !validatePublicAccess((opt.PublicAccess)) {
@@ -669,6 +671,13 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		uploadToken: pacer.NewTokenDispenser(ci.Transfers),
 		cache:       bucket.NewCache(),
 		cntSVCcache: make(map[string]*container.Client, 1),
+		pool: pool.New(
+			time.Duration(opt.MemoryPoolFlushTime),
+			int(opt.ChunkSize),
+			ci.Transfers,
+			opt.MemoryPoolUseMmap,
+		),
+		poolSize: int64(opt.ChunkSize),
 	}
 	f.publicAccess = container.PublicAccessType(opt.PublicAccess)
 	f.setRoot(root)
@@ -963,9 +972,6 @@ func (f *Fs) getBlockBlobSVC(container, containerPath string) *blockblob.Client

 // updateMetadataWithModTime adds the modTime passed in to o.meta.
 func (o *Object) updateMetadataWithModTime(modTime time.Time) {
-	metadataMu.Lock()
-	defer metadataMu.Unlock()
-
 	// Make sure o.meta is not nil
 	if o.meta == nil {
 		o.meta = make(map[string]string, 1)
@@ -1497,7 +1503,7 @@ func (f *Fs) deleteContainer(ctx context.Context, containerName string) error {
 func (f *Fs) Rmdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 	container, directory := f.split(dir)
 	// Remove directory marker file
-	if f.opt.DirectoryMarkers && container != "" && directory != "" {
+	if f.opt.DirectoryMarkers && container != "" && dir != "" {
 		o := &Object{
 			fs:     f,
 			remote: dir + "/",
@@ -1531,10 +1537,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set {
 // Purge deletes all the files and directories including the old versions.
 func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 	container, directory := f.split(dir)
-	if container == "" {
-		return errors.New("can't purge from root")
-	}
-	if directory != "" {
+	if container == "" || directory != "" {
 		// Delegate to caller if not root of a container
 		return fs.ErrorCantPurge
 	}
@@ -1591,6 +1594,19 @@ func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 	return f.NewObject(ctx, remote)
 }

+func (f *Fs) getMemoryPool(size int64) *pool.Pool {
+	if size == int64(f.opt.ChunkSize) {
+		return f.pool
+	}
+
+	return pool.New(
+		time.Duration(f.opt.MemoryPoolFlushTime),
+		int(size),
+		f.ci.Transfers,
+		f.opt.MemoryPoolUseMmap,
+	)
+}
+
 // ------------------------------------------------------------

 // Fs returns the parent Fs
@@ -1634,9 +1650,6 @@ func (o *Object) Size() int64 {

 // Set o.metadata from metadata
 func (o *Object) setMetadata(metadata map[string]*string) {
-	metadataMu.Lock()
-	defer metadataMu.Unlock()
-
 	if len(metadata) > 0 {
 		// Lower case the metadata
 		o.meta = make(map[string]string, len(metadata))
@@ -1661,9 +1674,6 @@ func (o *Object) setMetadata(metadata map[string]*string) {

 // Get metadata from o.meta
 func (o *Object) getMetadata() (metadata map[string]*string) {
-	metadataMu.Lock()
-	defer metadataMu.Unlock()
-
 	if len(o.meta) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -1875,7 +1885,12 @@ func (o *Object) ModTime(ctx context.Context) (result time.Time) {

 // SetModTime sets the modification time of the local fs object
 func (o *Object) SetModTime(ctx context.Context, modTime time.Time) error {
-	o.updateMetadataWithModTime(modTime)
+	// Make sure o.meta is not nil
+	if o.meta == nil {
+		o.meta = make(map[string]string, 1)
+	}
+	// Set modTimeKey in it
+	o.meta[modTimeKey] = modTime.Format(timeFormatOut)

 	blb := o.getBlobSVC()
 	opt := blob.SetMetadataOptions{}
@@ -1901,7 +1916,7 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 	var offset int64
 	var count int64
 	if o.AccessTier() == blob.AccessTierArchive {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("blob in archive tier, you need to set tier to hot, cool, cold first")
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("blob in archive tier, you need to set tier to hot or cool first")
 	}
 	fs.FixRangeOption(options, o.size)
 	for _, option := range options {
@@ -1967,42 +1982,34 @@ func (rs *readSeekCloser) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }

-// record chunk number and id for Close
-type azBlock struct {
-	chunkNumber uint64
-	id          string
+// increment the slice passed in as LSB binary
+func increment(xs []byte) {
+	for i, digit := range xs {
+		newDigit := digit + 1
+		xs[i] = newDigit
+		if newDigit >= digit {
+			// exit if no carry
+			break
+		}
+	}
 }

-// Implements the fs.ChunkWriter interface
-type azChunkWriter struct {
-	chunkSize int64
-	size      int64
-	f         *Fs
-	ui        uploadInfo
-	blocksMu  sync.Mutex // protects the below
-	blocks    []azBlock  // list of blocks for finalize
-	o         *Object
-}
+var warnStreamUpload sync.Once

-// OpenChunkWriter returns the chunk size and a ChunkWriter
+// uploadMultipart uploads a file using multipart upload
 //
-// Pass in the remote and the src object
-// You can also use options to hint at the desired chunk size
-func (f *Fs) OpenChunkWriter(ctx context.Context, remote string, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (info fs.ChunkWriterInfo, writer fs.ChunkWriter, err error) {
-	// Temporary Object under construction
-	o := &Object{
-		fs:     f,
-		remote: remote,
-	}
-	ui, err := o.prepareUpload(ctx, src, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return info, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare upload: %w", err)
-	}
-
+// Write a larger blob, using CreateBlockBlob, PutBlock, and PutBlockList.
+func (o *Object) uploadMultipart(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, size int64, blb *blockblob.Client, httpHeaders *blob.HTTPHeaders) (err error) {
 	// Calculate correct partSize
-	partSize := f.opt.ChunkSize
+	partSize := o.fs.opt.ChunkSize
 	totalParts := -1
-	size := src.Size()
+
+	// make concurrency machinery
+	concurrency := o.fs.opt.UploadConcurrency
+	if concurrency < 1 {
+		concurrency = 1
+	}
+	tokens := pacer.NewTokenDispenser(concurrency)

 	// Note that the max size of file is 4.75 TB (100 MB X 50,000
 	// blocks) and this is bigger than the max uncommitted block
@@ -2016,13 +2023,13 @@ func (f *Fs) OpenChunkWriter(ctx context.Context, remote string, src fs.ObjectIn
 	// 195GB which seems like a not too unreasonable limit.
 	if size == -1 {
 		warnStreamUpload.Do(func() {
-			fs.Logf(f, "Streaming uploads using chunk size %v will have maximum file size of %v",
-				f.opt.ChunkSize, partSize*fs.SizeSuffix(blockblob.MaxBlocks))
+			fs.Logf(o, "Streaming uploads using chunk size %v will have maximum file size of %v",
+				o.fs.opt.ChunkSize, partSize*fs.SizeSuffix(blockblob.MaxBlocks))
 		})
 	} else {
-		partSize = chunksize.Calculator(remote, size, blockblob.MaxBlocks, f.opt.ChunkSize)
+		partSize = chunksize.Calculator(o, size, blockblob.MaxBlocks, o.fs.opt.ChunkSize)
 		if partSize > fs.SizeSuffix(blockblob.MaxStageBlockBytes) {
-			return info, nil, fmt.Errorf("can't upload as it is too big %v - takes more than %d chunks of %v", fs.SizeSuffix(size), fs.SizeSuffix(blockblob.MaxBlocks), fs.SizeSuffix(blockblob.MaxStageBlockBytes))
+			return fmt.Errorf("can't upload as it is too big %v - takes more than %d chunks of %v", fs.SizeSuffix(size), fs.SizeSuffix(blockblob.MaxBlocks), fs.SizeSuffix(blockblob.MaxStageBlockBytes))
 		}
 		totalParts = int(fs.SizeSuffix(size) / partSize)
 		if fs.SizeSuffix(size)%partSize != 0 {
@@ -2032,276 +2039,173 @@ func (f *Fs) OpenChunkWriter(ctx context.Context, remote string, src fs.ObjectIn

 	fs.Debugf(o, "Multipart upload session started for %d parts of size %v", totalParts, partSize)

-	chunkWriter := &azChunkWriter{
-		chunkSize: int64(partSize),
-		size:      size,
-		f:         f,
-		ui:        ui,
-		o:         o,
-	}
-	info = fs.ChunkWriterInfo{
-		ChunkSize:   int64(partSize),
-		Concurrency: o.fs.opt.UploadConcurrency,
-		//LeavePartsOnError: o.fs.opt.LeavePartsOnError,
-	}
-	fs.Debugf(o, "open chunk writer: started multipart upload")
-	return info, chunkWriter, nil
-}
+	// unwrap the accounting from the input, we use wrap to put it
+	// back on after the buffering
+	in, wrap := accounting.UnWrap(in)

-// WriteChunk will write chunk number with reader bytes, where chunk number >= 0
-func (w *azChunkWriter) WriteChunk(ctx context.Context, chunkNumber int, reader io.ReadSeeker) (int64, error) {
-	if chunkNumber < 0 {
-		err := fmt.Errorf("invalid chunk number provided: %v", chunkNumber)
-		return -1, err
-	}
+	// FIXME it would be nice to delete uncommitted blocks
+	// See: https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/5583
+	//
+	// However there doesn't seem to be an easy way of doing this other than
+	// by deleting the target.
+	//
+	// This means that a failed upload deletes the target which isn't ideal.
+	//
+	// Uploading a zero length blob and deleting it will remove the
+	// uncommitted blocks I think.
+	//
+	// Could check to see if a file exists already and if it
+	// doesn't then create a 0 length file and delete it to flush
+	// the uncommitted blocks.
+	//
+	// This is what azcopy does
+	// https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/azure-docs/issues/36347#issuecomment-541457962
+	// defer atexit.OnError(&err, func() {
+	// 	fs.Debugf(o, "Cancelling multipart upload")
+	//      // Code goes here!
+	// })()

-	// Upload the block, with MD5 for check
-	m := md5.New()
-	currentChunkSize, err := io.Copy(m, reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, err
-	}
-	// If no data read, don't write the chunk
-	if currentChunkSize == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	md5sum := m.Sum(nil)
-	transactionalMD5 := md5sum[:]
+	// Upload the chunks
+	var (
+		g, gCtx       = errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+		remaining     = fs.SizeSuffix(size)                 // remaining size in file for logging only, -1 if size < 0
+		position      = fs.SizeSuffix(0)                    // position in file
+		memPool       = o.fs.getMemoryPool(int64(partSize)) // pool to get memory from
+		finished      = false                               // set when we have read EOF
+		blocks        []string                              // list of blocks for finalize
+		binaryBlockID = make([]byte, 8)                     // block counter as LSB first 8 bytes
+	)
+	for part := 0; !finished; part++ {
+		// Get a block of memory from the pool and a token which limits concurrency
+		tokens.Get()
+		buf := memPool.Get()

-	// increment the blockID and save the blocks for finalize
-	var binaryBlockID [8]byte // block counter as LSB first 8 bytes
-	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint64(binaryBlockID[:], uint64(chunkNumber))
-	blockID := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(binaryBlockID[:])
-
-	// Save the blockID for the commit
-	w.blocksMu.Lock()
-	w.blocks = append(w.blocks, azBlock{
-		chunkNumber: uint64(chunkNumber),
-		id:          blockID,
-	})
-	w.blocksMu.Unlock()
-
-	err = w.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		// rewind the reader on retry and after reading md5
-		_, err = reader.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, err
+		free := func() {
+			memPool.Put(buf) // return the buf
+			tokens.Put()     // return the token
 		}
-		options := blockblob.StageBlockOptions{
-			// Specify the transactional md5 for the body, to be validated by the service.
-			TransactionalValidation: blob.TransferValidationTypeMD5(transactionalMD5),
+
+		// Fail fast, in case an errgroup managed function returns an error
+		// gCtx is cancelled. There is no point in uploading all the other parts.
+		if gCtx.Err() != nil {
+			free()
+			break
 		}
-		_, err = w.ui.blb.StageBlock(ctx, blockID, &readSeekCloser{Reader: reader, Seeker: reader}, &options)
-		if err != nil {
-			if chunkNumber <= 8 {
-				return w.f.shouldRetry(ctx, err)
+
+		// Read the chunk
+		n, err := readers.ReadFill(in, buf) // this can never return 0, nil
+		if err == io.EOF {
+			if n == 0 { // end if no data
+				free()
+				break
 			}
-			// retry all chunks once have done the first few
-			return true, err
+			finished = true
+		} else if err != nil {
+			free()
+			return fmt.Errorf("multipart upload failed to read source: %w", err)
 		}
-		return false, nil
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, fmt.Errorf("failed to upload chunk %d with %v bytes: %w", chunkNumber+1, currentChunkSize, err)
+		buf = buf[:n]
+
+		// increment the blockID and save the blocks for finalize
+		increment(binaryBlockID)
+		blockID := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(binaryBlockID)
+		blocks = append(blocks, blockID)
+
+		// Transfer the chunk
+		fs.Debugf(o, "Uploading part %d/%d offset %v/%v part size %d", part+1, totalParts, position, fs.SizeSuffix(size), len(buf))
+		g.Go(func() (err error) {
+			defer free()
+
+			// Upload the block, with MD5 for check
+			md5sum := md5.Sum(buf)
+			transactionalMD5 := md5sum[:]
+			err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+				bufferReader := bytes.NewReader(buf)
+				wrappedReader := wrap(bufferReader)
+				rs := readSeekCloser{wrappedReader, bufferReader}
+				options := blockblob.StageBlockOptions{
+					// Specify the transactional md5 for the body, to be validated by the service.
+					TransactionalValidation: blob.TransferValidationTypeMD5(transactionalMD5),
+				}
+				_, err = blb.StageBlock(ctx, blockID, &rs, &options)
+				return o.fs.shouldRetry(ctx, err)
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("multipart upload failed to upload part: %w", err)
+			}
+			return nil
+		})
+
+		// ready for next block
+		if size >= 0 {
+			remaining -= partSize
+		}
+		position += partSize
 	}
-
-	fs.Debugf(w.o, "multipart upload wrote chunk %d with %v bytes", chunkNumber+1, currentChunkSize)
-	return currentChunkSize, err
-}
-
-// Abort the multipart upload.
-//
-// FIXME it would be nice to delete uncommitted blocks.
-//
-// See: https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/5583
-//
-// However there doesn't seem to be an easy way of doing this other than
-// by deleting the target.
-//
-// This means that a failed upload deletes the target which isn't ideal.
-//
-// Uploading a zero length blob and deleting it will remove the
-// uncommitted blocks I think.
-//
-// Could check to see if a file exists already and if it doesn't then
-// create a 0 length file and delete it to flush the uncommitted
-// blocks.
-//
-// This is what azcopy does
-// https://github.com/MicrosoftDocs/azure-docs/issues/36347#issuecomment-541457962
-func (w *azChunkWriter) Abort(ctx context.Context) error {
-	fs.Debugf(w.o, "multipart upload aborted (did nothing - see issue #5583)")
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Close and finalise the multipart upload
-func (w *azChunkWriter) Close(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
-	// sort the completed parts by part number
-	sort.Slice(w.blocks, func(i, j int) bool {
-		return w.blocks[i].chunkNumber < w.blocks[j].chunkNumber
-	})
-
-	// Create and check a list of block IDs
-	blockIDs := make([]string, len(w.blocks))
-	for i := range w.blocks {
-		if w.blocks[i].chunkNumber != uint64(i) {
-			return fmt.Errorf("internal error: expecting chunkNumber %d but got %d", i, w.blocks[i].chunkNumber)
-		}
-		chunkBytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(w.blocks[i].id)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("internal error: bad block ID: %w", err)
-		}
-		chunkNumber := binary.LittleEndian.Uint64(chunkBytes)
-		if w.blocks[i].chunkNumber != chunkNumber {
-			return fmt.Errorf("internal error: expecting decoded chunkNumber %d but got %d", w.blocks[i].chunkNumber, chunkNumber)
-		}
-		blockIDs[i] = w.blocks[i].id
+	err = g.Wait()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
 	}

 	options := blockblob.CommitBlockListOptions{
-		Metadata:    w.o.getMetadata(),
-		Tier:        parseTier(w.f.opt.AccessTier),
-		HTTPHeaders: &w.ui.httpHeaders,
+		Metadata:    o.getMetadata(),
+		Tier:        parseTier(o.fs.opt.AccessTier),
+		HTTPHeaders: httpHeaders,
 	}

 	// Finalise the upload session
-	err = w.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		_, err := w.ui.blb.CommitBlockList(ctx, blockIDs, &options)
-		return w.f.shouldRetry(ctx, err)
+	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		_, err := blb.CommitBlockList(ctx, blocks, &options)
+		return o.fs.shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to complete multipart upload: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("multipart upload failed to finalize: %w", err)
 	}
-	fs.Debugf(w.o, "multipart upload finished")
-	return err
-}
-
-var warnStreamUpload sync.Once
-
-// uploadMultipart uploads a file using multipart upload
-//
-// Write a larger blob, using CreateBlockBlob, PutBlock, and PutBlockList.
-func (o *Object) uploadMultipart(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (ui uploadInfo, err error) {
-	chunkWriter, err := multipart.UploadMultipart(ctx, src, in, multipart.UploadMultipartOptions{
-		Open:        o.fs,
-		OpenOptions: options,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return ui, err
-	}
-	return chunkWriter.(*azChunkWriter).ui, nil
+	return nil
 }

 // uploadSinglepart uploads a short blob using a single part upload
-func (o *Object) uploadSinglepart(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, size int64, ui uploadInfo) (err error) {
-	chunkSize := int64(o.fs.opt.ChunkSize)
+func (o *Object) uploadSinglepart(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, size int64, blb *blockblob.Client, httpHeaders *blob.HTTPHeaders) (err error) {
 	// fs.Debugf(o, "Single part upload starting of object %d bytes", size)
-	if size > chunkSize || size < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("internal error: single part upload size too big %d > %d", size, chunkSize)
+	if size > o.fs.poolSize || size < 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("internal error: single part upload size too big %d > %d", size, o.fs.opt.ChunkSize)
 	}

-	rw := multipart.NewRW()
-	defer fs.CheckClose(rw, &err)
+	buf := o.fs.pool.Get()
+	defer o.fs.pool.Put(buf)

-	n, err := io.CopyN(rw, in, size+1)
+	n, err := readers.ReadFill(in, buf)
+	if err == nil {
+		// Check to see whether in is exactly len(buf) or bigger
+		var buf2 = []byte{0}
+		n2, err2 := readers.ReadFill(in, buf2)
+		if n2 != 0 || err2 != io.EOF {
+			return fmt.Errorf("single part upload read failed: object longer than expected (expecting %d but got > %d)", size, len(buf))
+		}
+	}
 	if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
 		return fmt.Errorf("single part upload read failed: %w", err)
 	}
-	if n != size {
+	if int64(n) != size {
 		return fmt.Errorf("single part upload: expecting to read %d bytes but read %d", size, n)
 	}

-	rs := &readSeekCloser{Reader: rw, Seeker: rw}
+	b := bytes.NewReader(buf[:n])
+	rs := &readSeekCloser{Reader: b, Seeker: b}

 	options := blockblob.UploadOptions{
 		Metadata:    o.getMetadata(),
 		Tier:        parseTier(o.fs.opt.AccessTier),
-		HTTPHeaders: &ui.httpHeaders,
+		HTTPHeaders: httpHeaders,
 	}

-	return o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		// rewind the reader on retry
-		_, err = rs.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, err
-		}
-		_, err = ui.blb.Upload(ctx, rs, &options)
+	// Don't retry, return a retry error instead
+	return o.fs.pacer.CallNoRetry(func() (bool, error) {
+		_, err = blb.Upload(ctx, rs, &options)
 		return o.fs.shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 	})
 }

-// Info needed for an upload
-type uploadInfo struct {
-	blb         *blockblob.Client
-	httpHeaders blob.HTTPHeaders
-	isDirMarker bool
-}
-
-// Prepare the object for upload
-func (o *Object) prepareUpload(ctx context.Context, src fs.ObjectInfo, options []fs.OpenOption) (ui uploadInfo, err error) {
-	container, containerPath := o.split()
-	if container == "" || containerPath == "" {
-		return ui, fmt.Errorf("can't upload to root - need a container")
-	}
-	// Create parent dir/bucket if not saving directory marker
-	metadataMu.Lock()
-	_, ui.isDirMarker = o.meta[dirMetaKey]
-	metadataMu.Unlock()
-	if !ui.isDirMarker {
-		err = o.fs.mkdirParent(ctx, o.remote)
-		if err != nil {
-			return ui, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Update Mod time
-	o.updateMetadataWithModTime(src.ModTime(ctx))
-	if err != nil {
-		return ui, err
-	}
-
-	// Create the HTTP headers for the upload
-	ui.httpHeaders = blob.HTTPHeaders{
-		BlobContentType: pString(fs.MimeType(ctx, src)),
-	}
-
-	// Compute the Content-MD5 of the file. As we stream all uploads it
-	// will be set in PutBlockList API call using the 'x-ms-blob-content-md5' header
-	if !o.fs.opt.DisableCheckSum {
-		if sourceMD5, _ := src.Hash(ctx, hash.MD5); sourceMD5 != "" {
-			sourceMD5bytes, err := hex.DecodeString(sourceMD5)
-			if err == nil {
-				ui.httpHeaders.BlobContentMD5 = sourceMD5bytes
-			} else {
-				fs.Debugf(o, "Failed to decode %q as MD5: %v", sourceMD5, err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Apply upload options (also allows one to overwrite content-type)
-	for _, option := range options {
-		key, value := option.Header()
-		lowerKey := strings.ToLower(key)
-		switch lowerKey {
-		case "":
-			// ignore
-		case "cache-control":
-			ui.httpHeaders.BlobCacheControl = pString(value)
-		case "content-disposition":
-			ui.httpHeaders.BlobContentDisposition = pString(value)
-		case "content-encoding":
-			ui.httpHeaders.BlobContentEncoding = pString(value)
-		case "content-language":
-			ui.httpHeaders.BlobContentLanguage = pString(value)
-		case "content-type":
-			ui.httpHeaders.BlobContentType = pString(value)
-		}
-	}
-
-	ui.blb = o.fs.getBlockBlobSVC(container, containerPath)
-	return ui, nil
-}
-
 // Update the object with the contents of the io.Reader, modTime and size
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
@@ -2317,26 +2221,80 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 			return errCantUpdateArchiveTierBlobs
 		}
 	}
-
-	size := src.Size()
-	multipartUpload := size < 0 || size > int64(o.fs.opt.ChunkSize)
-	var ui uploadInfo
-
-	if multipartUpload {
-		ui, err = o.uploadMultipart(ctx, in, src, options...)
-	} else {
-		ui, err = o.prepareUpload(ctx, src, options)
+	container, containerPath := o.split()
+	if container == "" || containerPath == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("can't upload to root - need a container")
+	}
+	// Create parent dir/bucket if not saving directory marker
+	_, isDirMarker := o.meta[dirMetaKey]
+	if !isDirMarker {
+		err = o.fs.mkdirParent(ctx, o.remote)
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare upload: %w", err)
+			return err
 		}
-		err = o.uploadSinglepart(ctx, in, size, ui)
+	}
+
+	// Update Mod time
+	fs.Debugf(nil, "o.meta = %+v", o.meta)
+	o.updateMetadataWithModTime(src.ModTime(ctx))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Create the HTTP headers for the upload
+	httpHeaders := blob.HTTPHeaders{
+		BlobContentType: pString(fs.MimeType(ctx, src)),
+	}
+
+	// Compute the Content-MD5 of the file. As we stream all uploads it
+	// will be set in PutBlockList API call using the 'x-ms-blob-content-md5' header
+	if !o.fs.opt.DisableCheckSum {
+		if sourceMD5, _ := src.Hash(ctx, hash.MD5); sourceMD5 != "" {
+			sourceMD5bytes, err := hex.DecodeString(sourceMD5)
+			if err == nil {
+				httpHeaders.BlobContentMD5 = sourceMD5bytes
+			} else {
+				fs.Debugf(o, "Failed to decode %q as MD5: %v", sourceMD5, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Apply upload options (also allows one to overwrite content-type)
+	for _, option := range options {
+		key, value := option.Header()
+		lowerKey := strings.ToLower(key)
+		switch lowerKey {
+		case "":
+			// ignore
+		case "cache-control":
+			httpHeaders.BlobCacheControl = pString(value)
+		case "content-disposition":
+			httpHeaders.BlobContentDisposition = pString(value)
+		case "content-encoding":
+			httpHeaders.BlobContentEncoding = pString(value)
+		case "content-language":
+			httpHeaders.BlobContentLanguage = pString(value)
+		case "content-type":
+			httpHeaders.BlobContentType = pString(value)
+		}
+	}
+
+	blb := o.fs.getBlockBlobSVC(container, containerPath)
+	size := src.Size()
+	multipartUpload := size < 0 || size > o.fs.poolSize
+
+	fs.Debugf(nil, "o.meta = %+v", o.meta)
+	if multipartUpload {
+		err = o.uploadMultipart(ctx, in, size, blb, &httpHeaders)
+	} else {
+		err = o.uploadSinglepart(ctx, in, size, blb, &httpHeaders)
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

 	// Refresh metadata on object
-	if !ui.isDirMarker {
+	if !isDirMarker {
 		o.clearMetaData()
 		err = o.readMetaData(ctx)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -2425,14 +2383,13 @@ func parseTier(tier string) *blob.AccessTier {

 // Check the interfaces are satisfied
 var (
-	_ fs.Fs              = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Copier          = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.PutStreamer     = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Purger          = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.ListRer         = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.OpenChunkWriter = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Object          = &Object{}
-	_ fs.MimeTyper       = &Object{}
-	_ fs.GetTierer       = &Object{}
-	_ fs.SetTierer       = &Object{}
+	_ fs.Fs          = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.Copier      = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.PutStreamer = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.Purger      = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.ListRer     = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.Object      = &Object{}
+	_ fs.MimeTyper   = &Object{}
+	_ fs.GetTierer   = &Object{}
+	_ fs.SetTierer   = &Object{}
 )
--- a/backend/azureblob/azureblob_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/azureblob/azureblob_internal_test.go
@@ -17,3 +17,20 @@ func (f *Fs) InternalTest(t *testing.T) {
 	enabled = f.Features().GetTier
 	assert.True(t, enabled)
 }
+
+func TestIncrement(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, test := range []struct {
+		in   []byte
+		want []byte
+	}{
+		{[]byte{0, 0, 0, 0}, []byte{1, 0, 0, 0}},
+		{[]byte{0xFE, 0, 0, 0}, []byte{0xFF, 0, 0, 0}},
+		{[]byte{0xFF, 0, 0, 0}, []byte{0, 1, 0, 0}},
+		{[]byte{0, 1, 0, 0}, []byte{1, 1, 0, 0}},
+		{[]byte{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFE}, []byte{0, 0, 0, 0xFF}},
+		{[]byte{0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF}, []byte{0, 0, 0, 0}},
+	} {
+		increment(test.in)
+		assert.Equal(t, test.want, test.in)
+	}
+}
--- a/backend/azureblob/azureblob_test.go
+++ b/backend/azureblob/azureblob_test.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
 		RemoteName:  "TestAzureBlob:",
 		NilObject:   (*Object)(nil),
-		TiersToTest: []string{"Hot", "Cool", "Cold"},
+		TiersToTest: []string{"Hot", "Cool"},
 		ChunkedUpload: fstests.ChunkedUploadConfig{
 			MinChunkSize: defaultChunkSize,
 		},
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ func TestIntegration2(t *testing.T) {
 	if *fstest.RemoteName != "" {
 		t.Skip("Skipping as -remote set")
 	}
-	name := "TestAzureBlob"
+	name := "TestAzureBlob:"
 	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
-		RemoteName:  name + ":",
+		RemoteName:  name,
 		NilObject:   (*Object)(nil),
-		TiersToTest: []string{"Hot", "Cool", "Cold"},
+		TiersToTest: []string{"Hot", "Cool"},
 		ChunkedUpload: fstests.ChunkedUploadConfig{
 			MinChunkSize: defaultChunkSize,
 		},
@@ -62,7 +62,6 @@ func TestValidateAccessTier(t *testing.T) {
 		"HOT":     {"HOT", true},
 		"Hot":     {"Hot", true},
 		"cool":    {"cool", true},
-		"cold":    {"cold", true},
 		"archive": {"archive", true},
 		"empty":   {"", false},
 		"unknown": {"unknown", false},
--- a/backend/azurefiles/azurefiles.go
+++ b/backend/azurefiles/azurefiles.go
--- a/backend/azurefiles/azurefiles_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/azurefiles/azurefiles_internal_test.go
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !plan9 && !js
-// +build !plan9,!js
-
-package azurefiles
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"math/rand"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-func (f *Fs) InternalTest(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("Authentication", f.InternalTestAuth)
-}
-
-var _ fstests.InternalTester = (*Fs)(nil)
-
-func (f *Fs) InternalTestAuth(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Skip("skipping since this requires authentication credentials which are not part of repo")
-	shareName := "test-rclone-oct-2023"
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name    string
-		options *Options
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "ConnectionString",
-			options: &Options{
-				ShareName:        shareName,
-				ConnectionString: "",
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "AccountAndKey",
-			options: &Options{
-				ShareName: shareName,
-				Account:   "",
-				Key:       "",
-			}},
-		{
-			name: "SASUrl",
-			options: &Options{
-				ShareName: shareName,
-				SASURL:    "",
-			}},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range testCases {
-		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			fs, err := newFsFromOptions(context.TODO(), "TestAzureFiles", "", tc.options)
-			assert.NoError(t, err)
-			dirName := randomString(10)
-			assert.NoError(t, fs.Mkdir(context.TODO(), dirName))
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-const chars = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwzyxABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWZYX"
-
-func randomString(charCount int) string {
-	strBldr := strings.Builder{}
-	for i := 0; i < charCount; i++ {
-		randPos := rand.Int63n(52)
-		strBldr.WriteByte(chars[randPos])
-	}
-	return strBldr.String()
-}
--- a/backend/azurefiles/azurefiles_test.go
+++ b/backend/azurefiles/azurefiles_test.go
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !plan9 && !js
-// +build !plan9,!js
-
-package azurefiles
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
-)
-
-func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
-	var objPtr *Object
-	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
-		RemoteName: "TestAzureFiles:",
-		NilObject:  objPtr,
-	})
-}
--- a/backend/azurefiles/azurefiles_unsupported.go
+++ b/backend/azurefiles/azurefiles_unsupported.go
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-// Build for azurefiles for unsupported platforms to stop go complaining
-// about "no buildable Go source files "
-
-//go:build plan9 || js
-// +build plan9 js
-
-package azurefiles
--- a/backend/b2/api/types.go
+++ b/backend/b2/api/types.go
@@ -33,18 +33,10 @@ var _ fserrors.Fataler = (*Error)(nil)

 // Bucket describes a B2 bucket
 type Bucket struct {
-	ID             string          `json:"bucketId"`
-	AccountID      string          `json:"accountId"`
-	Name           string          `json:"bucketName"`
-	Type           string          `json:"bucketType"`
-	LifecycleRules []LifecycleRule `json:"lifecycleRules,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// LifecycleRule is a single lifecycle rule
-type LifecycleRule struct {
-	DaysFromHidingToDeleting  *int   `json:"daysFromHidingToDeleting"`
-	DaysFromUploadingToHiding *int   `json:"daysFromUploadingToHiding"`
-	FileNamePrefix            string `json:"fileNamePrefix"`
+	ID        string `json:"bucketId"`
+	AccountID string `json:"accountId"`
+	Name      string `json:"bucketName"`
+	Type      string `json:"bucketType"`
 }

 // Timestamp is a UTC time when this file was uploaded. It is a base
@@ -214,10 +206,9 @@ type FileInfo struct {

 // CreateBucketRequest is used to create a bucket
 type CreateBucketRequest struct {
-	AccountID      string          `json:"accountId"`
-	Name           string          `json:"bucketName"`
-	Type           string          `json:"bucketType"`
-	LifecycleRules []LifecycleRule `json:"lifecycleRules,omitempty"`
+	AccountID string `json:"accountId"`
+	Name      string `json:"bucketName"`
+	Type      string `json:"bucketType"`
 }

 // DeleteBucketRequest is used to create a bucket
@@ -340,11 +331,3 @@ type CopyPartRequest struct {
 	PartNumber  int64  `json:"partNumber"`      // Which part this is (starting from 1)
 	Range       string `json:"range,omitempty"` // The range of bytes to copy. If not provided, the whole source file will be copied.
 }
-
-// UpdateBucketRequest describes a request to modify a B2 bucket
-type UpdateBucketRequest struct {
-	ID             string          `json:"bucketId"`
-	AccountID      string          `json:"accountId"`
-	Type           string          `json:"bucketType,omitempty"`
-	LifecycleRules []LifecycleRule `json:"lifecycleRules,omitempty"`
-}
--- a/backend/b2/b2.go
+++ b/backend/b2/b2.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/sha1"
-	"encoding/json"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	gohash "hash"
@@ -33,7 +32,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/walk"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/bucket"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/multipart"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pacer"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pool"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest"
@@ -59,7 +57,9 @@ const (
 	minChunkSize        = 5 * fs.Mebi
 	defaultChunkSize    = 96 * fs.Mebi
 	defaultUploadCutoff = 200 * fs.Mebi
-	largeFileCopyCutoff = 4 * fs.Gibi // 5E9 is the max
+	largeFileCopyCutoff = 4 * fs.Gibi              // 5E9 is the max
+	memoryPoolFlushTime = fs.Duration(time.Minute) // flush the cached buffers after this long
+	memoryPoolUseMmap   = false
 )

 // Globals
@@ -74,7 +74,6 @@ func init() {
 		Name:        "b2",
 		Description: "Backblaze B2",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
-		CommandHelp: commandHelp,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:      "account",
 			Help:      "Account ID or Application Key ID.",
@@ -150,18 +149,6 @@ might a maximum of "--transfers" chunks in progress at once.
 5,000,000 Bytes is the minimum size.`,
 			Default:  defaultChunkSize,
 			Advanced: true,
-		}, {
-			Name: "upload_concurrency",
-			Help: `Concurrency for multipart uploads.
-
-This is the number of chunks of the same file that are uploaded
-concurrently.
-
-Note that chunks are stored in memory and there may be up to
-"--transfers" * "--b2-upload-concurrency" chunks stored at once
-in memory.`,
-			Default:  4,
-			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "disable_checksum",
 			Help: `Disable checksums for large (> upload cutoff) files.
@@ -201,41 +188,16 @@ The minimum value is 1 second. The maximum value is one week.`,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "memory_pool_flush_time",
-			Default:  fs.Duration(time.Minute),
+			Default:  memoryPoolFlushTime,
 			Advanced: true,
-			Hide:     fs.OptionHideBoth,
-			Help:     `How often internal memory buffer pools will be flushed. (no longer used)`,
+			Help: `How often internal memory buffer pools will be flushed.
+Uploads which requires additional buffers (f.e multipart) will use memory pool for allocations.
+This option controls how often unused buffers will be removed from the pool.`,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "memory_pool_use_mmap",
-			Default:  false,
-			Advanced: true,
-			Hide:     fs.OptionHideBoth,
-			Help:     `Whether to use mmap buffers in internal memory pool. (no longer used)`,
-		}, {
-			Name: "lifecycle",
-			Help: `Set the number of days deleted files should be kept when creating a bucket.
-
-On bucket creation, this parameter is used to create a lifecycle rule
-for the entire bucket.
-
-If lifecycle is 0 (the default) it does not create a lifecycle rule so
-the default B2 behaviour applies. This is to create versions of files
-on delete and overwrite and to keep them indefinitely.
-
-If lifecycle is >0 then it creates a single rule setting the number of
-days before a file that is deleted or overwritten is deleted
-permanently. This is known as daysFromHidingToDeleting in the b2 docs.
-
-The minimum value for this parameter is 1 day.
-
-You can also enable hard_delete in the config also which will mean
-deletions won't cause versions but overwrites will still cause
-versions to be made.
-
-See: [rclone backend lifecycle](#lifecycle) for setting lifecycles after bucket creation.
-`,
-			Default:  0,
+			Default:  memoryPoolUseMmap,
 			Advanced: true,
+			Help:     `Whether to use mmap buffers in internal memory pool.`,
 		}, {
 			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
 			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
@@ -262,11 +224,11 @@ type Options struct {
 	UploadCutoff                  fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"upload_cutoff"`
 	CopyCutoff                    fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"copy_cutoff"`
 	ChunkSize                     fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"chunk_size"`
-	UploadConcurrency             int                  `config:"upload_concurrency"`
 	DisableCheckSum               bool                 `config:"disable_checksum"`
 	DownloadURL                   string               `config:"download_url"`
 	DownloadAuthorizationDuration fs.Duration          `config:"download_auth_duration"`
-	Lifecycle                     int                  `config:"lifecycle"`
+	MemoryPoolFlushTime           fs.Duration          `config:"memory_pool_flush_time"`
+	MemoryPoolUseMmap             bool                 `config:"memory_pool_use_mmap"`
 	Enc                           encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
 }

@@ -291,6 +253,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	authMu          sync.Mutex                             // lock for authorizing the account
 	pacer           *fs.Pacer                              // To pace and retry the API calls
 	uploadToken     *pacer.TokenDispenser                  // control concurrency
+	pool            *pool.Pool                             // memory pool
 }

 // Object describes a b2 object
@@ -400,18 +363,11 @@ func (f *Fs) shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, err error) (b

 // errorHandler parses a non 2xx error response into an error
 func errorHandler(resp *http.Response) error {
-	body, err := rest.ReadBody(resp)
-	if err != nil {
-		fs.Errorf(nil, "Couldn't read error out of body: %v", err)
-		body = nil
-	}
-	// Decode error response if there was one - they can be blank
+	// Decode error response
 	errResponse := new(api.Error)
-	if len(body) > 0 {
-		err = json.Unmarshal(body, errResponse)
-		if err != nil {
-			fs.Errorf(nil, "Couldn't decode error response: %v", err)
-		}
+	err := rest.DecodeJSON(resp, &errResponse)
+	if err != nil {
+		fs.Debugf(nil, "Couldn't decode error response: %v", err)
 	}
 	if errResponse.Code == "" {
 		errResponse.Code = "unknown"
@@ -455,14 +411,6 @@ func (f *Fs) setUploadCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (old fs.SizeSuffix, err error) {
 	return
 }

-func (f *Fs) setCopyCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (old fs.SizeSuffix, err error) {
-	err = checkUploadChunkSize(cs)
-	if err == nil {
-		old, f.opt.CopyCutoff = f.opt.CopyCutoff, cs
-	}
-	return
-}
-
 // setRoot changes the root of the Fs
 func (f *Fs) setRoot(root string) {
 	f.root = parsePath(root)
@@ -510,14 +458,19 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		uploads:     make(map[string][]*api.GetUploadURLResponse),
 		pacer:       fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep), pacer.DecayConstant(decayConstant))),
 		uploadToken: pacer.NewTokenDispenser(ci.Transfers),
+		pool: pool.New(
+			time.Duration(opt.MemoryPoolFlushTime),
+			int(opt.ChunkSize),
+			ci.Transfers,
+			opt.MemoryPoolUseMmap,
+		),
 	}
 	f.setRoot(root)
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
-		ReadMimeType:          true,
-		WriteMimeType:         true,
-		BucketBased:           true,
-		BucketBasedRootOK:     true,
-		ChunkWriterDoesntSeek: true,
+		ReadMimeType:      true,
+		WriteMimeType:     true,
+		BucketBased:       true,
+		BucketBasedRootOK: true,
 	}).Fill(ctx, f)
 	// Set the test flag if required
 	if opt.TestMode != "" {
@@ -644,24 +597,23 @@ func (f *Fs) clearUploadURL(bucketID string) {
 	f.uploadMu.Unlock()
 }

-// getRW gets a RW buffer and an upload token
+// getBuf gets a buffer of f.opt.ChunkSize and an upload token
 //
 // If noBuf is set then it just gets an upload token
-func (f *Fs) getRW(noBuf bool) (rw *pool.RW) {
+func (f *Fs) getBuf(noBuf bool) (buf []byte) {
 	f.uploadToken.Get()
 	if !noBuf {
-		rw = multipart.NewRW()
+		buf = f.pool.Get()
 	}
-	return rw
+	return buf
 }

-// putRW returns a RW buffer to the memory pool and returns an upload
-// token
+// putBuf returns a buffer to the memory pool and an upload token
 //
-// If buf is nil then it just returns the upload token
-func (f *Fs) putRW(rw *pool.RW) {
-	if rw != nil {
-		_ = rw.Close()
+// If noBuf is set then it just returns the upload token
+func (f *Fs) putBuf(buf []byte, noBuf bool) {
+	if !noBuf {
+		f.pool.Put(buf)
 	}
 	f.uploadToken.Put()
 }
@@ -868,7 +820,7 @@ func (f *Fs) listDir(ctx context.Context, bucket, directory, prefix string, addB

 // listBuckets returns all the buckets to out
 func (f *Fs) listBuckets(ctx context.Context) (entries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
-	err = f.listBucketsToFn(ctx, "", func(bucket *api.Bucket) error {
+	err = f.listBucketsToFn(ctx, func(bucket *api.Bucket) error {
 		d := fs.NewDir(bucket.Name, time.Time{})
 		entries = append(entries, d)
 		return nil
@@ -961,14 +913,11 @@ func (f *Fs) ListR(ctx context.Context, dir string, callback fs.ListRCallback) (
 type listBucketFn func(*api.Bucket) error

 // listBucketsToFn lists the buckets to the function supplied
-func (f *Fs) listBucketsToFn(ctx context.Context, bucketName string, fn listBucketFn) error {
+func (f *Fs) listBucketsToFn(ctx context.Context, fn listBucketFn) error {
 	var account = api.ListBucketsRequest{
 		AccountID: f.info.AccountID,
 		BucketID:  f.info.Allowed.BucketID,
 	}
-	if bucketName != "" && account.BucketID == "" {
-		account.BucketName = f.opt.Enc.FromStandardName(bucketName)
-	}

 	var response api.ListBucketsResponse
 	opts := rest.Opts{
@@ -1014,7 +963,7 @@ func (f *Fs) getbucketType(ctx context.Context, bucket string) (bucketType strin
 	if bucketType != "" {
 		return bucketType, nil
 	}
-	err = f.listBucketsToFn(ctx, bucket, func(bucket *api.Bucket) error {
+	err = f.listBucketsToFn(ctx, func(bucket *api.Bucket) error {
 		// listBucketsToFn reads bucket Types
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -1049,7 +998,7 @@ func (f *Fs) getBucketID(ctx context.Context, bucket string) (bucketID string, e
 	if bucketID != "" {
 		return bucketID, nil
 	}
-	err = f.listBucketsToFn(ctx, bucket, func(bucket *api.Bucket) error {
+	err = f.listBucketsToFn(ctx, func(bucket *api.Bucket) error {
 		// listBucketsToFn sets IDs
 		return nil
 	})
@@ -1113,11 +1062,6 @@ func (f *Fs) makeBucket(ctx context.Context, bucket string) error {
 			Name:      f.opt.Enc.FromStandardName(bucket),
 			Type:      "allPrivate",
 		}
-		if f.opt.Lifecycle > 0 {
-			request.LifecycleRules = []api.LifecycleRule{{
-				DaysFromHidingToDeleting: &f.opt.Lifecycle,
-			}}
-		}
 		var response api.Bucket
 		err := f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
 			resp, err := f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, &request, &response)
@@ -1338,7 +1282,7 @@ func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) error {
 // If newInfo is nil then the metadata will be copied otherwise it
 // will be replaced with newInfo
 func (f *Fs) copy(ctx context.Context, dstObj *Object, srcObj *Object, newInfo *api.File) (err error) {
-	if srcObj.size > int64(f.opt.CopyCutoff) {
+	if srcObj.size >= int64(f.opt.CopyCutoff) {
 		if newInfo == nil {
 			newInfo, err = srcObj.getMetaData(ctx)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -1349,11 +1293,7 @@ func (f *Fs) copy(ctx context.Context, dstObj *Object, srcObj *Object, newInfo *
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		err = up.Copy(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		return dstObj.decodeMetaDataFileInfo(up.info)
+		return up.Upload(ctx)
 	}

 	dstBucket, dstPath := dstObj.split()
@@ -1482,7 +1422,7 @@ func (f *Fs) PublicLink(ctx context.Context, remote string, expire fs.Duration,
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
-	absPath := "/" + urlEncode(bucketPath)
+	absPath := "/" + bucketPath
 	link = RootURL + "/file/" + urlEncode(bucket) + absPath
 	bucketType, err := f.getbucketType(ctx, bucket)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1921,11 +1861,11 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	if size < 0 {
+	if size == -1 {
 		// Check if the file is large enough for a chunked upload (needs to be at least two chunks)
-		rw := o.fs.getRW(false)
+		buf := o.fs.getBuf(false)

-		n, err := io.CopyN(rw, in, int64(o.fs.opt.ChunkSize))
+		n, err := io.ReadFull(in, buf)
 		if err == nil {
 			bufReader := bufio.NewReader(in)
 			in = bufReader
@@ -1936,34 +1876,26 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 			fs.Debugf(o, "File is big enough for chunked streaming")
 			up, err := o.fs.newLargeUpload(ctx, o, in, src, o.fs.opt.ChunkSize, false, nil)
 			if err != nil {
-				o.fs.putRW(rw)
+				o.fs.putBuf(buf, false)
 				return err
 			}
 			// NB Stream returns the buffer and token
-			err = up.Stream(ctx, rw)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			return o.decodeMetaDataFileInfo(up.info)
-		} else if err == io.EOF {
+			return up.Stream(ctx, buf)
+		} else if err == io.EOF || err == io.ErrUnexpectedEOF {
 			fs.Debugf(o, "File has %d bytes, which makes only one chunk. Using direct upload.", n)
-			defer o.fs.putRW(rw)
-			size = n
-			in = rw
+			defer o.fs.putBuf(buf, false)
+			size = int64(n)
+			in = bytes.NewReader(buf[:n])
 		} else {
-			o.fs.putRW(rw)
+			o.fs.putBuf(buf, false)
 			return err
 		}
 	} else if size > int64(o.fs.opt.UploadCutoff) {
-		chunkWriter, err := multipart.UploadMultipart(ctx, src, in, multipart.UploadMultipartOptions{
-			Open:        o.fs,
-			OpenOptions: options,
-		})
+		up, err := o.fs.newLargeUpload(ctx, o, in, src, o.fs.opt.ChunkSize, false, nil)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		up := chunkWriter.(*largeUpload)
-		return o.decodeMetaDataFileInfo(up.info)
+		return up.Upload(ctx)
 	}

 	modTime := src.ModTime(ctx)
@@ -2071,41 +2003,6 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	return o.decodeMetaDataFileInfo(&response)
 }

-// OpenChunkWriter returns the chunk size and a ChunkWriter
-//
-// Pass in the remote and the src object
-// You can also use options to hint at the desired chunk size
-func (f *Fs) OpenChunkWriter(ctx context.Context, remote string, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (info fs.ChunkWriterInfo, writer fs.ChunkWriter, err error) {
-	// FIXME what if file is smaller than 1 chunk?
-	if f.opt.Versions {
-		return info, nil, errNotWithVersions
-	}
-	if f.opt.VersionAt.IsSet() {
-		return info, nil, errNotWithVersionAt
-	}
-	//size := src.Size()
-
-	// Temporary Object under construction
-	o := &Object{
-		fs:     f,
-		remote: remote,
-	}
-
-	bucket, _ := o.split()
-	err = f.makeBucket(ctx, bucket)
-	if err != nil {
-		return info, nil, err
-	}
-
-	info = fs.ChunkWriterInfo{
-		ChunkSize:   int64(f.opt.ChunkSize),
-		Concurrency: o.fs.opt.UploadConcurrency,
-		//LeavePartsOnError: o.fs.opt.LeavePartsOnError,
-	}
-	up, err := f.newLargeUpload(ctx, o, nil, src, f.opt.ChunkSize, false, nil)
-	return info, up, err
-}
-
 // Remove an object
 func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) error {
 	bucket, bucketPath := o.split()
@@ -2131,149 +2028,16 @@ func (o *Object) ID() string {
 	return o.id
 }

-var lifecycleHelp = fs.CommandHelp{
-	Name:  "lifecycle",
-	Short: "Read or set the lifecycle for a bucket",
-	Long: `This command can be used to read or set the lifecycle for a bucket.
-
-Usage Examples:
-
-To show the current lifecycle rules:
-
-    rclone backend lifecycle b2:bucket
-
-This will dump something like this showing the lifecycle rules.
-
-    [
-        {
-            "daysFromHidingToDeleting": 1,
-            "daysFromUploadingToHiding": null,
-            "fileNamePrefix": ""
-        }
-    ]
-
-If there are no lifecycle rules (the default) then it will just return [].
-
-To reset the current lifecycle rules:
-
-    rclone backend lifecycle b2:bucket -o daysFromHidingToDeleting=30
-    rclone backend lifecycle b2:bucket -o daysFromUploadingToHiding=5 -o daysFromHidingToDeleting=1
-
-This will run and then print the new lifecycle rules as above.
-
-Rclone only lets you set lifecycles for the whole bucket with the
-fileNamePrefix = "".
-
-You can't disable versioning with B2. The best you can do is to set
-the daysFromHidingToDeleting to 1 day. You can enable hard_delete in
-the config also which will mean deletions won't cause versions but
-overwrites will still cause versions to be made.
-
-    rclone backend lifecycle b2:bucket -o daysFromHidingToDeleting=1
-
-See: https://www.backblaze.com/docs/cloud-storage-lifecycle-rules
-`,
-	Opts: map[string]string{
-		"daysFromHidingToDeleting":  "After a file has been hidden for this many days it is deleted. 0 is off.",
-		"daysFromUploadingToHiding": "This many days after uploading a file is hidden",
-	},
-}
-
-func (f *Fs) lifecycleCommand(ctx context.Context, name string, arg []string, opt map[string]string) (out interface{}, err error) {
-	var newRule api.LifecycleRule
-	if daysStr := opt["daysFromHidingToDeleting"]; daysStr != "" {
-		days, err := strconv.Atoi(daysStr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad daysFromHidingToDeleting: %w", err)
-		}
-		newRule.DaysFromHidingToDeleting = &days
-	}
-	if daysStr := opt["daysFromUploadingToHiding"]; daysStr != "" {
-		days, err := strconv.Atoi(daysStr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("bad daysFromUploadingToHiding: %w", err)
-		}
-		newRule.DaysFromUploadingToHiding = &days
-	}
-	bucketName, _ := f.split("")
-	if bucketName == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("bucket required")
-
-	}
-
-	var bucket *api.Bucket
-	if newRule.DaysFromHidingToDeleting != nil || newRule.DaysFromUploadingToHiding != nil {
-		bucketID, err := f.getBucketID(ctx, bucketName)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		opts := rest.Opts{
-			Method: "POST",
-			Path:   "/b2_update_bucket",
-		}
-		var request = api.UpdateBucketRequest{
-			ID:             bucketID,
-			AccountID:      f.info.AccountID,
-			LifecycleRules: []api.LifecycleRule{newRule},
-		}
-		var response api.Bucket
-		err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-			resp, err := f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, &request, &response)
-			return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		bucket = &response
-	} else {
-		err = f.listBucketsToFn(ctx, bucketName, func(b *api.Bucket) error {
-			bucket = b
-			return nil
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	if bucket == nil {
-		return nil, fs.ErrorDirNotFound
-	}
-	return bucket.LifecycleRules, nil
-}
-
-var commandHelp = []fs.CommandHelp{
-	lifecycleHelp,
-}
-
-// Command the backend to run a named command
-//
-// The command run is name
-// args may be used to read arguments from
-// opts may be used to read optional arguments from
-//
-// The result should be capable of being JSON encoded
-// If it is a string or a []string it will be shown to the user
-// otherwise it will be JSON encoded and shown to the user like that
-func (f *Fs) Command(ctx context.Context, name string, arg []string, opt map[string]string) (out interface{}, err error) {
-	switch name {
-	case "lifecycle":
-		return f.lifecycleCommand(ctx, name, arg, opt)
-	default:
-		return nil, fs.ErrorCommandNotFound
-	}
-}
-
 // Check the interfaces are satisfied
 var (
-	_ fs.Fs              = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Purger          = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Copier          = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.PutStreamer     = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.CleanUpper      = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.ListRer         = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.PublicLinker    = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.OpenChunkWriter = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Commander       = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Object          = &Object{}
-	_ fs.MimeTyper       = &Object{}
-	_ fs.IDer            = &Object{}
+	_ fs.Fs           = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.Purger       = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.Copier       = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.PutStreamer  = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.CleanUpper   = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.ListRer      = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.PublicLinker = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.Object       = &Object{}
+	_ fs.MimeTyper    = &Object{}
+	_ fs.IDer         = &Object{}
 )
--- a/backend/b2/b2_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/b2/b2_internal_test.go
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
 )

 // Test b2 string encoding
@@ -169,10 +168,3 @@ func TestParseTimeString(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 }
-
-// -run TestIntegration/FsMkdir/FsPutFiles/Internal
-func (f *Fs) InternalTest(t *testing.T) {
-	// Internal tests go here
-}
-
-var _ fstests.InternalTester = (*Fs)(nil)
--- a/backend/b2/b2_test.go
+++ b/backend/b2/b2_test.go
@@ -28,12 +28,7 @@ func (f *Fs) SetUploadCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (fs.SizeSuffix, error) {
 	return f.setUploadCutoff(cs)
 }

-func (f *Fs) SetCopyCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (fs.SizeSuffix, error) {
-	return f.setCopyCutoff(cs)
-}
-
 var (
 	_ fstests.SetUploadChunkSizer = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fstests.SetUploadCutoffer   = (*Fs)(nil)
-	_ fstests.SetCopyCutoffer     = (*Fs)(nil)
 )
--- a/backend/b2/upload.go
+++ b/backend/b2/upload.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 package b2

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"crypto/sha1"
 	"encoding/hex"
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/b2/api"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
@@ -78,14 +80,12 @@ type largeUpload struct {
 	wrap      accounting.WrapFn               // account parts being transferred
 	id        string                          // ID of the file being uploaded
 	size      int64                           // total size
-	parts     int                             // calculated number of parts, if known
-	sha1smu   sync.Mutex                      // mutex to protect sha1s
+	parts     int64                           // calculated number of parts, if known
 	sha1s     []string                        // slice of SHA1s for each part
 	uploadMu  sync.Mutex                      // lock for upload variable
 	uploads   []*api.GetUploadPartURLResponse // result of get upload URL calls
 	chunkSize int64                           // chunk size to use
 	src       *Object                         // if copying, object we are reading from
-	info      *api.FileInfo                   // final response with info about the object
 }

 // newLargeUpload starts an upload of object o from in with metadata in src
@@ -93,16 +93,18 @@ type largeUpload struct {
 // If newInfo is set then metadata from that will be used instead of reading it from src
 func (f *Fs) newLargeUpload(ctx context.Context, o *Object, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, defaultChunkSize fs.SizeSuffix, doCopy bool, newInfo *api.File) (up *largeUpload, err error) {
 	size := src.Size()
-	parts := 0
+	parts := int64(0)
+	sha1SliceSize := int64(maxParts)
 	chunkSize := defaultChunkSize
 	if size == -1 {
 		fs.Debugf(o, "Streaming upload with --b2-chunk-size %s allows uploads of up to %s and will fail only when that limit is reached.", f.opt.ChunkSize, maxParts*f.opt.ChunkSize)
 	} else {
 		chunkSize = chunksize.Calculator(o, size, maxParts, defaultChunkSize)
-		parts = int(size / int64(chunkSize))
+		parts = size / int64(chunkSize)
 		if size%int64(chunkSize) != 0 {
 			parts++
 		}
+		sha1SliceSize = parts
 	}

 	opts := rest.Opts{
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ func (f *Fs) newLargeUpload(ctx context.Context, o *Object, in io.Reader, src fs
 		id:        response.ID,
 		size:      size,
 		parts:     parts,
-		sha1s:     make([]string, 0, 16),
+		sha1s:     make([]string, sha1SliceSize),
 		chunkSize: int64(chunkSize),
 	}
 	// unwrap the accounting from the input, we use wrap to put it
@@ -169,26 +171,24 @@ func (f *Fs) newLargeUpload(ctx context.Context, o *Object, in io.Reader, src fs
 // This should be returned with returnUploadURL when finished
 func (up *largeUpload) getUploadURL(ctx context.Context) (upload *api.GetUploadPartURLResponse, err error) {
 	up.uploadMu.Lock()
-	if len(up.uploads) > 0 {
+	defer up.uploadMu.Unlock()
+	if len(up.uploads) == 0 {
+		opts := rest.Opts{
+			Method: "POST",
+			Path:   "/b2_get_upload_part_url",
+		}
+		var request = api.GetUploadPartURLRequest{
+			ID: up.id,
+		}
+		err := up.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+			resp, err := up.f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, &request, &upload)
+			return up.f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get upload URL: %w", err)
+		}
+	} else {
 		upload, up.uploads = up.uploads[0], up.uploads[1:]
-		up.uploadMu.Unlock()
-		return upload, nil
-	}
-	up.uploadMu.Unlock()
-
-	opts := rest.Opts{
-		Method: "POST",
-		Path:   "/b2_get_upload_part_url",
-	}
-	var request = api.GetUploadPartURLRequest{
-		ID: up.id,
-	}
-	err = up.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		resp, err := up.f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, &request, &upload)
-		return up.f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get upload URL: %w", err)
 	}
 	return upload, nil
 }
@@ -203,39 +203,10 @@ func (up *largeUpload) returnUploadURL(upload *api.GetUploadPartURLResponse) {
 	up.uploadMu.Unlock()
 }

-// Add an sha1 to the being built up sha1s
-func (up *largeUpload) addSha1(chunkNumber int, sha1 string) {
-	up.sha1smu.Lock()
-	defer up.sha1smu.Unlock()
-	if len(up.sha1s) < chunkNumber+1 {
-		up.sha1s = append(up.sha1s, make([]string, chunkNumber+1-len(up.sha1s))...)
-	}
-	up.sha1s[chunkNumber] = sha1
-}
-
-// WriteChunk will write chunk number with reader bytes, where chunk number >= 0
-func (up *largeUpload) WriteChunk(ctx context.Context, chunkNumber int, reader io.ReadSeeker) (size int64, err error) {
-	// Only account after the checksum reads have been done
-	if do, ok := reader.(pool.DelayAccountinger); ok {
-		// To figure out this number, do a transfer and if the accounted size is 0 or a
-		// multiple of what it should be, increase or decrease this number.
-		do.DelayAccounting(1)
-	}
-
-	err = up.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		// Discover the size by seeking to the end
-		size, err = reader.Seek(0, io.SeekEnd)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, err
-		}
-
-		// rewind the reader on retry and after reading size
-		_, err = reader.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, err
-		}
-
-		fs.Debugf(up.o, "Sending chunk %d length %d", chunkNumber, size)
+// Transfer a chunk
+func (up *largeUpload) transferChunk(ctx context.Context, part int64, body []byte) error {
+	err := up.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		fs.Debugf(up.o, "Sending chunk %d length %d", part, len(body))

 		// Get upload URL
 		upload, err := up.getUploadURL(ctx)
@@ -243,8 +214,8 @@ func (up *largeUpload) WriteChunk(ctx context.Context, chunkNumber int, reader i
 			return false, err
 		}

-		in := newHashAppendingReader(reader, sha1.New())
-		sizeWithHash := size + int64(in.AdditionalLength())
+		in := newHashAppendingReader(bytes.NewReader(body), sha1.New())
+		size := int64(len(body)) + int64(in.AdditionalLength())

 		// Authorization
 		//
@@ -274,10 +245,10 @@ func (up *largeUpload) WriteChunk(ctx context.Context, chunkNumber int, reader i
 			Body:    up.wrap(in),
 			ExtraHeaders: map[string]string{
 				"Authorization":    upload.AuthorizationToken,
-				"X-Bz-Part-Number": fmt.Sprintf("%d", chunkNumber+1),
+				"X-Bz-Part-Number": fmt.Sprintf("%d", part),
 				sha1Header:         "hex_digits_at_end",
 			},
-			ContentLength: &sizeWithHash,
+			ContentLength: &size,
 		}

 		var response api.UploadPartResponse
@@ -285,7 +256,7 @@ func (up *largeUpload) WriteChunk(ctx context.Context, chunkNumber int, reader i
 		resp, err := up.f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &response)
 		retry, err := up.f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 		if err != nil {
-			fs.Debugf(up.o, "Error sending chunk %d (retry=%v): %v: %#v", chunkNumber, retry, err, err)
+			fs.Debugf(up.o, "Error sending chunk %d (retry=%v): %v: %#v", part, retry, err, err)
 		}
 		// On retryable error clear PartUploadURL
 		if retry {
@@ -293,30 +264,30 @@ func (up *largeUpload) WriteChunk(ctx context.Context, chunkNumber int, reader i
 			upload = nil
 		}
 		up.returnUploadURL(upload)
-		up.addSha1(chunkNumber, in.HexSum())
+		up.sha1s[part-1] = in.HexSum()
 		return retry, err
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		fs.Debugf(up.o, "Error sending chunk %d: %v", chunkNumber, err)
+		fs.Debugf(up.o, "Error sending chunk %d: %v", part, err)
 	} else {
-		fs.Debugf(up.o, "Done sending chunk %d", chunkNumber)
+		fs.Debugf(up.o, "Done sending chunk %d", part)
 	}
-	return size, err
+	return err
 }

 // Copy a chunk
-func (up *largeUpload) copyChunk(ctx context.Context, part int, partSize int64) error {
+func (up *largeUpload) copyChunk(ctx context.Context, part int64, partSize int64) error {
 	err := up.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
 		fs.Debugf(up.o, "Copying chunk %d length %d", part, partSize)
 		opts := rest.Opts{
 			Method: "POST",
 			Path:   "/b2_copy_part",
 		}
-		offset := int64(part) * up.chunkSize // where we are in the source file
+		offset := (part - 1) * up.chunkSize // where we are in the source file
 		var request = api.CopyPartRequest{
 			SourceID:    up.src.id,
 			LargeFileID: up.id,
-			PartNumber:  int64(part + 1),
+			PartNumber:  part,
 			Range:       fmt.Sprintf("bytes=%d-%d", offset, offset+partSize-1),
 		}
 		var response api.UploadPartResponse
@@ -325,7 +296,7 @@ func (up *largeUpload) copyChunk(ctx context.Context, part int, partSize int64)
 		if err != nil {
 			fs.Debugf(up.o, "Error copying chunk %d (retry=%v): %v: %#v", part, retry, err, err)
 		}
-		up.addSha1(part, response.SHA1)
+		up.sha1s[part-1] = response.SHA1
 		return retry, err
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -336,8 +307,8 @@ func (up *largeUpload) copyChunk(ctx context.Context, part int, partSize int64)
 	return err
 }

-// Close closes off the large upload
-func (up *largeUpload) Close(ctx context.Context) error {
+// finish closes off the large upload
+func (up *largeUpload) finish(ctx context.Context) error {
 	fs.Debugf(up.o, "Finishing large file %s with %d parts", up.what, up.parts)
 	opts := rest.Opts{
 		Method: "POST",
@@ -355,12 +326,11 @@ func (up *largeUpload) Close(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	up.info = &response
-	return nil
+	return up.o.decodeMetaDataFileInfo(&response)
 }

-// Abort aborts the large upload
-func (up *largeUpload) Abort(ctx context.Context) error {
+// cancel aborts the large upload
+func (up *largeUpload) cancel(ctx context.Context) error {
 	fs.Debugf(up.o, "Cancelling large file %s", up.what)
 	opts := rest.Opts{
 		Method: "POST",
@@ -385,105 +355,157 @@ func (up *largeUpload) Abort(ctx context.Context) error {
 // reaches EOF.
 //
 // Note that initialUploadBlock must be returned to f.putBuf()
-func (up *largeUpload) Stream(ctx context.Context, initialUploadBlock *pool.RW) (err error) {
-	defer atexit.OnError(&err, func() { _ = up.Abort(ctx) })()
+func (up *largeUpload) Stream(ctx context.Context, initialUploadBlock []byte) (err error) {
+	defer atexit.OnError(&err, func() { _ = up.cancel(ctx) })()
 	fs.Debugf(up.o, "Starting streaming of large file (id %q)", up.id)
 	var (
 		g, gCtx      = errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
 		hasMoreParts = true
 	)
-	up.size = initialUploadBlock.Size()
-	up.parts = 0
-	for part := 0; hasMoreParts; part++ {
-		// Get a block of memory from the pool and token which limits concurrency.
-		var rw *pool.RW
-		if part == 0 {
-			rw = initialUploadBlock
-		} else {
-			rw = up.f.getRW(false)
-		}
-
-		// Fail fast, in case an errgroup managed function returns an error
-		// gCtx is cancelled. There is no point in uploading all the other parts.
-		if gCtx.Err() != nil {
-			up.f.putRW(rw)
-			break
-		}
-
-		// Read the chunk
-		var n int64
-		if part == 0 {
-			n = rw.Size()
-		} else {
-			n, err = io.CopyN(rw, up.in, up.chunkSize)
-			if err == io.EOF {
-				if n == 0 {
-					fs.Debugf(up.o, "Not sending empty chunk after EOF - ending.")
-					up.f.putRW(rw)
-					break
-				} else {
-					fs.Debugf(up.o, "Read less than a full chunk %d, making this the last one.", n)
-				}
-				hasMoreParts = false
-			} else if err != nil {
-				// other kinds of errors indicate failure
-				up.f.putRW(rw)
-				return err
+	up.size = int64(len(initialUploadBlock))
+	g.Go(func() error {
+		for part := int64(1); hasMoreParts; part++ {
+			// Get a block of memory from the pool and token which limits concurrency.
+			var buf []byte
+			if part == 1 {
+				buf = initialUploadBlock
+			} else {
+				buf = up.f.getBuf(false)
 			}
-		}

-		// Keep stats up to date
-		up.parts += 1
-		up.size += n
-		if part > maxParts {
-			up.f.putRW(rw)
-			return fmt.Errorf("%q too big (%d bytes so far) makes too many parts %d > %d - increase --b2-chunk-size", up.o, up.size, up.parts, maxParts)
-		}
+			// Fail fast, in case an errgroup managed function returns an error
+			// gCtx is cancelled. There is no point in uploading all the other parts.
+			if gCtx.Err() != nil {
+				up.f.putBuf(buf, false)
+				return nil
+			}

-		part := part // for the closure
-		g.Go(func() (err error) {
-			defer up.f.putRW(rw)
-			_, err = up.WriteChunk(gCtx, part, rw)
-			return err
-		})
-	}
+			// Read the chunk
+			var n int
+			if part == 1 {
+				n = len(buf)
+			} else {
+				n, err = io.ReadFull(up.in, buf)
+				if err == io.ErrUnexpectedEOF {
+					fs.Debugf(up.o, "Read less than a full chunk, making this the last one.")
+					buf = buf[:n]
+					hasMoreParts = false
+				} else if err == io.EOF {
+					fs.Debugf(up.o, "Could not read any more bytes, previous chunk was the last.")
+					up.f.putBuf(buf, false)
+					return nil
+				} else if err != nil {
+					// other kinds of errors indicate failure
+					up.f.putBuf(buf, false)
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Keep stats up to date
+			up.parts = part
+			up.size += int64(n)
+			if part > maxParts {
+				up.f.putBuf(buf, false)
+				return fmt.Errorf("%q too big (%d bytes so far) makes too many parts %d > %d - increase --b2-chunk-size", up.o, up.size, up.parts, maxParts)
+			}
+
+			part := part // for the closure
+			g.Go(func() (err error) {
+				defer up.f.putBuf(buf, false)
+				return up.transferChunk(gCtx, part, buf)
+			})
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
 	err = g.Wait()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return up.Close(ctx)
+	up.sha1s = up.sha1s[:up.parts]
+	return up.finish(ctx)
 }

-// Copy the chunks from the source to the destination
-func (up *largeUpload) Copy(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
-	defer atexit.OnError(&err, func() { _ = up.Abort(ctx) })()
+// Upload uploads the chunks from the input
+func (up *largeUpload) Upload(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	defer atexit.OnError(&err, func() { _ = up.cancel(ctx) })()
 	fs.Debugf(up.o, "Starting %s of large file in %d chunks (id %q)", up.what, up.parts, up.id)
 	var (
-		g, gCtx   = errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
-		remaining = up.size
+		g, gCtx    = errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
+		remaining  = up.size
+		uploadPool *pool.Pool
+		ci         = fs.GetConfig(ctx)
 	)
-	g.SetLimit(up.f.opt.UploadConcurrency)
-	for part := 0; part < up.parts; part++ {
-		// Fail fast, in case an errgroup managed function returns an error
-		// gCtx is cancelled. There is no point in copying all the other parts.
-		if gCtx.Err() != nil {
-			break
-		}
-
-		reqSize := remaining
-		if reqSize >= up.chunkSize {
-			reqSize = up.chunkSize
-		}
-
-		part := part // for the closure
-		g.Go(func() (err error) {
-			return up.copyChunk(gCtx, part, reqSize)
-		})
-		remaining -= reqSize
+	// If using large chunk size then make a temporary pool
+	if up.chunkSize <= int64(up.f.opt.ChunkSize) {
+		uploadPool = up.f.pool
+	} else {
+		uploadPool = pool.New(
+			time.Duration(up.f.opt.MemoryPoolFlushTime),
+			int(up.chunkSize),
+			ci.Transfers,
+			up.f.opt.MemoryPoolUseMmap,
+		)
+		defer uploadPool.Flush()
 	}
+	// Get an upload token and a buffer
+	getBuf := func() (buf []byte) {
+		up.f.getBuf(true)
+		if !up.doCopy {
+			buf = uploadPool.Get()
+		}
+		return buf
+	}
+	// Put an upload token and a buffer
+	putBuf := func(buf []byte) {
+		if !up.doCopy {
+			uploadPool.Put(buf)
+		}
+		up.f.putBuf(nil, true)
+	}
+	g.Go(func() error {
+		for part := int64(1); part <= up.parts; part++ {
+			// Get a block of memory from the pool and token which limits concurrency.
+			buf := getBuf()
+
+			// Fail fast, in case an errgroup managed function returns an error
+			// gCtx is cancelled. There is no point in uploading all the other parts.
+			if gCtx.Err() != nil {
+				putBuf(buf)
+				return nil
+			}
+
+			reqSize := remaining
+			if reqSize >= up.chunkSize {
+				reqSize = up.chunkSize
+			}
+
+			if !up.doCopy {
+				// Read the chunk
+				buf = buf[:reqSize]
+				_, err = io.ReadFull(up.in, buf)
+				if err != nil {
+					putBuf(buf)
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+
+			part := part // for the closure
+			g.Go(func() (err error) {
+				defer putBuf(buf)
+				if !up.doCopy {
+					err = up.transferChunk(gCtx, part, buf)
+				} else {
+					err = up.copyChunk(gCtx, part, reqSize)
+				}
+				return err
+			})
+			remaining -= reqSize
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
 	err = g.Wait()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return up.Close(ctx)
+	return up.finish(ctx)
 }
--- a/backend/box/api/types.go
+++ b/backend/box/api/types.go
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ func (e *Error) Error() string {
 		out += ": " + e.Message
 	}
 	if e.ContextInfo != nil {
-		out += fmt.Sprintf(" (%s)", string(e.ContextInfo))
+		out += fmt.Sprintf(" (%+v)", e.ContextInfo)
 	}
 	return out
 }
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ var _ error = (*Error)(nil)
 // ItemFields are the fields needed for FileInfo
 var ItemFields = "type,id,sequence_id,etag,sha1,name,size,created_at,modified_at,content_created_at,content_modified_at,item_status,shared_link,owned_by"

-// Types of things in Item/ItemMini
+// Types of things in Item
 const (
 	ItemTypeFolder    = "folder"
 	ItemTypeFile      = "file"
@@ -72,31 +72,20 @@ const (
 	ItemStatusDeleted = "deleted"
 )

-// ItemMini is a subset of the elements in a full Item returned by some API calls
-type ItemMini struct {
-	Type       string `json:"type"`
-	ID         string `json:"id"`
-	SequenceID int64  `json:"sequence_id,string"`
-	Etag       string `json:"etag"`
-	SHA1       string `json:"sha1"`
-	Name       string `json:"name"`
-}
-
 // Item describes a folder or a file as returned by Get Folder Items and others
 type Item struct {
-	Type              string   `json:"type"`
-	ID                string   `json:"id"`
-	SequenceID        int64    `json:"sequence_id,string"`
-	Etag              string   `json:"etag"`
-	SHA1              string   `json:"sha1"`
-	Name              string   `json:"name"`
-	Size              float64  `json:"size"` // box returns this in xEyy format for very large numbers - see #2261
-	CreatedAt         Time     `json:"created_at"`
-	ModifiedAt        Time     `json:"modified_at"`
-	ContentCreatedAt  Time     `json:"content_created_at"`
-	ContentModifiedAt Time     `json:"content_modified_at"`
-	ItemStatus        string   `json:"item_status"` // active, trashed if the file has been moved to the trash, and deleted if the file has been permanently deleted
-	Parent            ItemMini `json:"parent"`
+	Type              string  `json:"type"`
+	ID                string  `json:"id"`
+	SequenceID        string  `json:"sequence_id"`
+	Etag              string  `json:"etag"`
+	SHA1              string  `json:"sha1"`
+	Name              string  `json:"name"`
+	Size              float64 `json:"size"` // box returns this in xEyy format for very large numbers - see #2261
+	CreatedAt         Time    `json:"created_at"`
+	ModifiedAt        Time    `json:"modified_at"`
+	ContentCreatedAt  Time    `json:"content_created_at"`
+	ContentModifiedAt Time    `json:"content_modified_at"`
+	ItemStatus        string  `json:"item_status"` // active, trashed if the file has been moved to the trash, and deleted if the file has been permanently deleted
 	SharedLink        struct {
 		URL    string `json:"url,omitempty"`
 		Access string `json:"access,omitempty"`
@@ -167,7 +156,19 @@ type PreUploadCheckResponse struct {
 // PreUploadCheckConflict is returned in the ContextInfo error field
 // from PreUploadCheck when the error code is "item_name_in_use"
 type PreUploadCheckConflict struct {
-	Conflicts ItemMini `json:"conflicts"`
+	Conflicts struct {
+		Type        string `json:"type"`
+		ID          string `json:"id"`
+		FileVersion struct {
+			Type string `json:"type"`
+			ID   string `json:"id"`
+			Sha1 string `json:"sha1"`
+		} `json:"file_version"`
+		SequenceID string `json:"sequence_id"`
+		Etag       string `json:"etag"`
+		Sha1       string `json:"sha1"`
+		Name       string `json:"name"`
+	} `json:"conflicts"`
 }

 // UpdateFileModTime is used in Update File Info
@@ -280,30 +281,3 @@ type User struct {
 	Address       string    `json:"address"`
 	AvatarURL     string    `json:"avatar_url"`
 }
-
-// FileTreeChangeEventTypes are the events that can require cache invalidation
-var FileTreeChangeEventTypes = map[string]struct{}{
-	"ITEM_COPY":                 {},
-	"ITEM_CREATE":               {},
-	"ITEM_MAKE_CURRENT_VERSION": {},
-	"ITEM_MODIFY":               {},
-	"ITEM_MOVE":                 {},
-	"ITEM_RENAME":               {},
-	"ITEM_TRASH":                {},
-	"ITEM_UNDELETE_VIA_TRASH":   {},
-	"ITEM_UPLOAD":               {},
-}
-
-// Event is an array element in the response returned from /events
-type Event struct {
-	EventType string `json:"event_type"`
-	EventID   string `json:"event_id"`
-	Source    Item   `json:"source"`
-}
-
-// Events is returned from /events
-type Events struct {
-	ChunkSize          int64   `json:"chunk_size"`
-	Entries            []Event `json:"entries"`
-	NextStreamPosition int64   `json:"next_stream_position"`
-}
--- a/backend/box/box.go
+++ b/backend/box/box.go
@@ -149,23 +149,6 @@ func init() {
 			Default:  "",
 			Help:     "Only show items owned by the login (email address) passed in.",
 			Advanced: true,
-		}, {
-			Name:    "impersonate",
-			Default: "",
-			Help: `Impersonate this user ID when using a service account.
-
-Setting this flag allows rclone, when using a JWT service account, to
-act on behalf of another user by setting the as-user header.
-
-The user ID is the Box identifier for a user. User IDs can found for
-any user via the GET /users endpoint, which is only available to
-admins, or by calling the GET /users/me endpoint with an authenticated
-user session.
-
-See: https://developer.box.com/guides/authentication/jwt/as-user/
-`,
-			Advanced:  true,
-			Sensitive: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
 			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
@@ -279,29 +262,19 @@ type Options struct {
 	AccessToken   string               `config:"access_token"`
 	ListChunk     int                  `config:"list_chunk"`
 	OwnedBy       string               `config:"owned_by"`
-	Impersonate   string               `config:"impersonate"`
-}
-
-// ItemMeta defines metadata we cache for each Item ID
-type ItemMeta struct {
-	SequenceID int64  // the most recent event processed for this item
-	ParentID   string // ID of the parent directory of this item
-	Name       string // leaf name of this item
 }

 // Fs represents a remote box
 type Fs struct {
-	name            string                // name of this remote
-	root            string                // the path we are working on
-	opt             Options               // parsed options
-	features        *fs.Features          // optional features
-	srv             *rest.Client          // the connection to the server
-	dirCache        *dircache.DirCache    // Map of directory path to directory id
-	pacer           *fs.Pacer             // pacer for API calls
-	tokenRenewer    *oauthutil.Renew      // renew the token on expiry
-	uploadToken     *pacer.TokenDispenser // control concurrency
-	itemMetaCacheMu *sync.Mutex           // protects itemMetaCache
-	itemMetaCache   map[string]ItemMeta   // map of Item ID to selected metadata
+	name         string                // name of this remote
+	root         string                // the path we are working on
+	opt          Options               // parsed options
+	features     *fs.Features          // optional features
+	srv          *rest.Client          // the connection to the server
+	dirCache     *dircache.DirCache    // Map of directory path to directory id
+	pacer        *fs.Pacer             // pacer for API calls
+	tokenRenewer *oauthutil.Renew      // renew the token on expiry
+	uploadToken  *pacer.TokenDispenser // control concurrency
 }

 // Object describes a box object
@@ -380,7 +353,7 @@ func shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, err error) (bool, err

 // readMetaDataForPath reads the metadata from the path
 func (f *Fs) readMetaDataForPath(ctx context.Context, path string) (info *api.Item, err error) {
-	// defer log.Trace(f, "path=%q", path)("info=%+v, err=%v", &info, &err)
+	// defer fs.Trace(f, "path=%q", path)("info=%+v, err=%v", &info, &err)
 	leaf, directoryID, err := f.dirCache.FindPath(ctx, path, false)
 	if err != nil {
 		if err == fs.ErrorDirNotFound {
@@ -389,30 +362,20 @@ func (f *Fs) readMetaDataForPath(ctx context.Context, path string) (info *api.It
 		return nil, err
 	}

-	// Use preupload to find the ID
-	itemMini, err := f.preUploadCheck(ctx, leaf, directoryID, -1)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if itemMini == nil {
-		return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
-	}
-
-	// Now we have the ID we can look up the object proper
-	opts := rest.Opts{
-		Method:     "GET",
-		Path:       "/files/" + itemMini.ID,
-		Parameters: fieldsValue(),
-	}
-	var item api.Item
-	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		resp, err := f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &item)
-		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	found, err := f.listAll(ctx, directoryID, false, true, true, func(item *api.Item) bool {
+		if strings.EqualFold(item.Name, leaf) {
+			info = item
+			return true
+		}
+		return false
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return &item, nil
+	if !found {
+		return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
+	}
+	return info, nil
 }

 // errorHandler parses a non 2xx error response into an error
@@ -459,14 +422,12 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e

 	ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
 	f := &Fs{
-		name:            name,
-		root:            root,
-		opt:             *opt,
-		srv:             rest.NewClient(client).SetRoot(rootURL),
-		pacer:           fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep), pacer.DecayConstant(decayConstant))),
-		uploadToken:     pacer.NewTokenDispenser(ci.Transfers),
-		itemMetaCacheMu: new(sync.Mutex),
-		itemMetaCache:   make(map[string]ItemMeta),
+		name:        name,
+		root:        root,
+		opt:         *opt,
+		srv:         rest.NewClient(client).SetRoot(rootURL),
+		pacer:       fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep), pacer.DecayConstant(decayConstant))),
+		uploadToken: pacer.NewTokenDispenser(ci.Transfers),
 	}
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
 		CaseInsensitive:         true,
@@ -479,11 +440,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		f.srv.SetHeader("Authorization", "Bearer "+f.opt.AccessToken)
 	}

-	// If using impersonate set an as-user header
-	if f.opt.Impersonate != "" {
-		f.srv.SetHeader("as-user", f.opt.Impersonate)
-	}
-
 	jsonFile, ok := m.Get("box_config_file")
 	boxSubType, boxSubTypeOk := m.Get("box_sub_type")

@@ -726,17 +682,6 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 			}
 			entries = append(entries, o)
 		}
-
-		// Cache some metadata for this Item to help us process events later
-		// on. In particular, the box event API does not provide the old path
-		// of the Item when it is renamed/deleted/moved/etc.
-		f.itemMetaCacheMu.Lock()
-		cachedItemMeta, found := f.itemMetaCache[info.ID]
-		if !found || cachedItemMeta.SequenceID < info.SequenceID {
-			f.itemMetaCache[info.ID] = ItemMeta{SequenceID: info.SequenceID, ParentID: directoryID, Name: info.Name}
-		}
-		f.itemMetaCacheMu.Unlock()
-
 		return false
 	})
 	if err != nil {
@@ -772,7 +717,7 @@ func (f *Fs) createObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, modTime time.Time,
 //
 // It returns "", nil if the file is good to go
 // It returns "ID", nil if the file must be updated
-func (f *Fs) preUploadCheck(ctx context.Context, leaf, directoryID string, size int64) (item *api.ItemMini, err error) {
+func (f *Fs) preUploadCheck(ctx context.Context, leaf, directoryID string, size int64) (ID string, err error) {
 	check := api.PreUploadCheck{
 		Name: f.opt.Enc.FromStandardName(leaf),
 		Parent: api.Parent{
@@ -797,16 +742,16 @@ func (f *Fs) preUploadCheck(ctx context.Context, leaf, directoryID string, size
 			var conflict api.PreUploadCheckConflict
 			err = json.Unmarshal(apiErr.ContextInfo, &conflict)
 			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("pre-upload check: JSON decode failed: %w", err)
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("pre-upload check: JSON decode failed: %w", err)
 			}
 			if conflict.Conflicts.Type != api.ItemTypeFile {
-				return nil, fs.ErrorIsDir
+				return "", fmt.Errorf("pre-upload check: can't overwrite non file with file: %w", err)
 			}
-			return &conflict.Conflicts, nil
+			return conflict.Conflicts.ID, nil
 		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("pre-upload check: %w", err)
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("pre-upload check: %w", err)
 	}
-	return nil, nil
+	return "", nil
 }

 // Put the object
@@ -827,11 +772,11 @@ func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options .

 	// Preflight check the upload, which returns the ID if the
 	// object already exists
-	item, err := f.preUploadCheck(ctx, leaf, directoryID, src.Size())
+	ID, err := f.preUploadCheck(ctx, leaf, directoryID, src.Size())
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if item == nil {
+	if ID == "" {
 		return f.PutUnchecked(ctx, in, src, options...)
 	}

@@ -839,7 +784,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options .
 	o := &Object{
 		fs:     f,
 		remote: remote,
-		id:     item.ID,
+		id:     ID,
 	}
 	return o, o.Update(ctx, in, src, options...)
 }
@@ -1176,7 +1121,7 @@ func (f *Fs) deletePermanently(ctx context.Context, itemType, id string) error {
 // CleanUp empties the trash
 func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 	var (
-		deleteErrors       atomic.Uint64
+		deleteErrors       = int64(0)
 		concurrencyControl = make(chan struct{}, fs.GetConfig(ctx).Checkers)
 		wg                 sync.WaitGroup
 	)
@@ -1192,7 +1137,7 @@ func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 				err := f.deletePermanently(ctx, item.Type, item.ID)
 				if err != nil {
 					fs.Errorf(f, "failed to delete trash item %q (%q): %v", item.Name, item.ID, err)
-					deleteErrors.Add(1)
+					atomic.AddInt64(&deleteErrors, 1)
 				}
 			}()
 		} else {
@@ -1201,277 +1146,12 @@ func (f *Fs) CleanUp(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
 		return false
 	})
 	wg.Wait()
-	if deleteErrors.Load() != 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete %d trash items", deleteErrors.Load())
+	if deleteErrors != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to delete %d trash items", deleteErrors)
 	}
 	return err
 }

-// ChangeNotify calls the passed function with a path that has had changes.
-// If the implementation uses polling, it should adhere to the given interval.
-//
-// Automatically restarts itself in case of unexpected behavior of the remote.
-//
-// Close the returned channel to stop being notified.
-func (f *Fs) ChangeNotify(ctx context.Context, notifyFunc func(string, fs.EntryType), pollIntervalChan <-chan time.Duration) {
-	go func() {
-		// get the `stream_position` early so all changes from now on get processed
-		streamPosition, err := f.changeNotifyStreamPosition(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			fs.Infof(f, "Failed to get StreamPosition: %s", err)
-		}
-
-		// box can send duplicate Event IDs. Use this map to track and filter
-		// the ones we've already processed.
-		processedEventIDs := make(map[string]time.Time)
-
-		var ticker *time.Ticker
-		var tickerC <-chan time.Time
-		for {
-			select {
-			case pollInterval, ok := <-pollIntervalChan:
-				if !ok {
-					if ticker != nil {
-						ticker.Stop()
-					}
-					return
-				}
-				if ticker != nil {
-					ticker.Stop()
-					ticker, tickerC = nil, nil
-				}
-				if pollInterval != 0 {
-					ticker = time.NewTicker(pollInterval)
-					tickerC = ticker.C
-				}
-			case <-tickerC:
-				if streamPosition == "" {
-					streamPosition, err = f.changeNotifyStreamPosition(ctx)
-					if err != nil {
-						fs.Infof(f, "Failed to get StreamPosition: %s", err)
-						continue
-					}
-				}
-
-				// Garbage collect EventIDs older than 1 minute
-				for eventID, timestamp := range processedEventIDs {
-					if time.Since(timestamp) > time.Minute {
-						delete(processedEventIDs, eventID)
-					}
-				}
-
-				streamPosition, err = f.changeNotifyRunner(ctx, notifyFunc, streamPosition, processedEventIDs)
-				if err != nil {
-					fs.Infof(f, "Change notify listener failure: %s", err)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}()
-}
-
-func (f *Fs) changeNotifyStreamPosition(ctx context.Context) (streamPosition string, err error) {
-	opts := rest.Opts{
-		Method:     "GET",
-		Path:       "/events",
-		Parameters: fieldsValue(),
-	}
-	opts.Parameters.Set("stream_position", "now")
-	opts.Parameters.Set("stream_type", "changes")
-
-	var result api.Events
-	var resp *http.Response
-	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
-		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return strconv.FormatInt(result.NextStreamPosition, 10), nil
-}
-
-// Attempts to construct the full path for an object, given the ID of its
-// parent directory and the name of the object.
-//
-// Can return "" if the parentID is not currently in the directory cache.
-func (f *Fs) getFullPath(parentID string, childName string) (fullPath string) {
-	fullPath = ""
-	name := f.opt.Enc.ToStandardName(childName)
-	if parentID != "" {
-		if parentDir, ok := f.dirCache.GetInv(parentID); ok {
-			if len(parentDir) > 0 {
-				fullPath = parentDir + "/" + name
-			} else {
-				fullPath = name
-			}
-		}
-	} else {
-		// No parent, this object is at the root
-		fullPath = name
-	}
-	return fullPath
-}
-
-func (f *Fs) changeNotifyRunner(ctx context.Context, notifyFunc func(string, fs.EntryType), streamPosition string, processedEventIDs map[string]time.Time) (nextStreamPosition string, err error) {
-	nextStreamPosition = streamPosition
-
-	for {
-		limit := f.opt.ListChunk
-
-		// box only allows a max of 500 events
-		if limit > 500 {
-			limit = 500
-		}
-
-		opts := rest.Opts{
-			Method:     "GET",
-			Path:       "/events",
-			Parameters: fieldsValue(),
-		}
-		opts.Parameters.Set("stream_position", nextStreamPosition)
-		opts.Parameters.Set("stream_type", "changes")
-		opts.Parameters.Set("limit", strconv.Itoa(limit))
-
-		var result api.Events
-		var resp *http.Response
-		fs.Debugf(f, "Checking for changes on remote (next_stream_position: %q)", nextStreamPosition)
-		err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-			resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
-			return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
-		}
-
-		if result.ChunkSize != int64(len(result.Entries)) {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid response to event request, chunk_size (%v) not equal to number of entries (%v)", result.ChunkSize, len(result.Entries))
-		}
-
-		nextStreamPosition = strconv.FormatInt(result.NextStreamPosition, 10)
-		if result.ChunkSize == 0 {
-			return nextStreamPosition, nil
-		}
-
-		type pathToClear struct {
-			path      string
-			entryType fs.EntryType
-		}
-		var pathsToClear []pathToClear
-		newEventIDs := 0
-		for _, entry := range result.Entries {
-			eventDetails := fmt.Sprintf("[%q(%d)|%s|%s|%s|%s]", entry.Source.Name, entry.Source.SequenceID,
-				entry.Source.Type, entry.EventType, entry.Source.ID, entry.EventID)
-
-			if entry.EventID == "" {
-				fs.Debugf(f, "%s ignored due to missing EventID", eventDetails)
-				continue
-			}
-			if _, ok := processedEventIDs[entry.EventID]; ok {
-				fs.Debugf(f, "%s ignored due to duplicate EventID", eventDetails)
-				continue
-			}
-			processedEventIDs[entry.EventID] = time.Now()
-			newEventIDs++
-
-			if entry.Source.ID == "" { // missing File or Folder ID
-				fs.Debugf(f, "%s ignored due to missing SourceID", eventDetails)
-				continue
-			}
-			if entry.Source.Type != api.ItemTypeFile && entry.Source.Type != api.ItemTypeFolder { // event is not for a file or folder
-				fs.Debugf(f, "%s ignored due to unsupported SourceType", eventDetails)
-				continue
-			}
-
-			// Only interested in event types that result in a file tree change
-			if _, found := api.FileTreeChangeEventTypes[entry.EventType]; !found {
-				fs.Debugf(f, "%s ignored due to unsupported EventType", eventDetails)
-				continue
-			}
-
-			f.itemMetaCacheMu.Lock()
-			itemMeta, cachedItemMetaFound := f.itemMetaCache[entry.Source.ID]
-			if cachedItemMetaFound {
-				if itemMeta.SequenceID >= entry.Source.SequenceID {
-					// Item in the cache has the same or newer SequenceID than
-					// this event. Ignore this event, it must be old.
-					f.itemMetaCacheMu.Unlock()
-					fs.Debugf(f, "%s ignored due to old SequenceID (%q)", eventDetails, itemMeta.SequenceID)
-					continue
-				}
-
-				// This event is newer. Delete its entry from the cache,
-				// we'll notify about its change below, then it's up to a
-				// future list operation to repopulate the cache.
-				delete(f.itemMetaCache, entry.Source.ID)
-			}
-			f.itemMetaCacheMu.Unlock()
-
-			entryType := fs.EntryDirectory
-			if entry.Source.Type == api.ItemTypeFile {
-				entryType = fs.EntryObject
-			}
-
-			// The box event only includes the new path for the object (e.g.
-			// the path after the object was moved). If there was an old path
-			// saved in our cache, it must be cleared.
-			if cachedItemMetaFound {
-				path := f.getFullPath(itemMeta.ParentID, itemMeta.Name)
-				if path != "" {
-					fs.Debugf(f, "%s added old path (%q) for notify", eventDetails, path)
-					pathsToClear = append(pathsToClear, pathToClear{path: path, entryType: entryType})
-				} else {
-					fs.Debugf(f, "%s old parent not cached", eventDetails)
-				}
-
-				// If this is a directory, also delete it from the dir cache.
-				// This will effectively invalidate the item metadata cache
-				// entries for all descendents of this directory, since we
-				// will no longer be able to construct a full path for them.
-				// This is exactly what we want, since we don't want to notify
-				// on the paths of these descendents if one of their ancestors
-				// has been renamed/deleted.
-				if entry.Source.Type == api.ItemTypeFolder {
-					f.dirCache.FlushDir(path)
-				}
-			}
-
-			// If the item is "active", then it is not trashed or deleted, so
-			// it potentially has a valid parent.
-			//
-			// Construct the new path of the object, based on the Parent ID
-			// and its name. If we get an empty result, it means we don't
-			// currently know about this object so notification is unnecessary.
-			if entry.Source.ItemStatus == api.ItemStatusActive {
-				path := f.getFullPath(entry.Source.Parent.ID, entry.Source.Name)
-				if path != "" {
-					fs.Debugf(f, "%s added new path (%q) for notify", eventDetails, path)
-					pathsToClear = append(pathsToClear, pathToClear{path: path, entryType: entryType})
-				} else {
-					fs.Debugf(f, "%s new parent not found", eventDetails)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		// box can sometimes repeatedly return the same Event IDs within a
-		// short period of time. If it stops giving us new ones, treat it
-		// the same as if it returned us none at all.
-		if newEventIDs == 0 {
-			return nextStreamPosition, nil
-		}
-
-		notifiedPaths := make(map[string]bool)
-		for _, p := range pathsToClear {
-			if _, ok := notifiedPaths[p.path]; ok {
-				continue
-			}
-			notifiedPaths[p.path] = true
-			notifyFunc(p.path, p.entryType)
-		}
-		fs.Debugf(f, "Received %v events, resulting in %v paths and %v notifications", len(result.Entries), len(pathsToClear), len(notifiedPaths))
-	}
-}
-
 // DirCacheFlush resets the directory cache - used in testing as an
 // optional interface
 func (f *Fs) DirCacheFlush() {
--- a/backend/cache/cache_test.go
+++ b/backend/cache/cache_test.go
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
 		RemoteName:                   "TestCache:",
 		NilObject:                    (*cache.Object)(nil),
-		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"PublicLink", "OpenWriterAt", "OpenChunkWriter"},
+		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"PublicLink", "OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType", "ID", "GetTier", "SetTier", "Metadata"},
 		SkipInvalidUTF8:              true, // invalid UTF-8 confuses the cache
 	})
--- a/backend/chunker/chunker.go
+++ b/backend/chunker/chunker.go
@@ -325,14 +325,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs,
 		}
 	}

-	// Correct root if definitely pointing to a file
-	if err == fs.ErrorIsFile {
-		f.root = path.Dir(f.root)
-		if f.root == "." || f.root == "/" {
-			f.root = ""
-		}
-	}
-
 	// Note 1: the features here are ones we could support, and they are
 	// ANDed with the ones from wrappedFs.
 	// Note 2: features.Fill() points features.PutStream to our PutStream,
--- a/backend/chunker/chunker_test.go
+++ b/backend/chunker/chunker_test.go
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 		UnimplementableFsMethods: []string{
 			"PublicLink",
 			"OpenWriterAt",
-			"OpenChunkWriter",
 			"MergeDirs",
 			"DirCacheFlush",
 			"UserInfo",
--- a/backend/combine/combine.go
+++ b/backend/combine/combine.go
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@ func (f *Fs) PublicLink(ctx context.Context, remote string, expire fs.Duration,
 	return do(ctx, uRemote, expire, unlink)
 }

-// PutUnchecked in to the remote path with the modTime given of the given size
+// Put in to the remote path with the modTime given of the given size
 //
 // May create the object even if it returns an error - if so
 // will return the object and the error, otherwise will return
--- a/backend/combine/combine_test.go
+++ b/backend/combine/combine_test.go
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ import (
 )

 var (
-	unimplementableFsMethods     = []string{"UnWrap", "WrapFs", "SetWrapper", "UserInfo", "Disconnect", "OpenChunkWriter"}
+	unimplementableFsMethods     = []string{"UnWrap", "WrapFs", "SetWrapper", "UserInfo", "Disconnect"}
 	unimplementableObjectMethods = []string{}
 )

--- a/backend/compress/compress.go
+++ b/backend/compress/compress.go
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
-	"path"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -173,13 +172,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs,
 		opt:  *opt,
 		mode: compressionModeFromName(opt.CompressionMode),
 	}
-	// Correct root if definitely pointing to a file
-	if err == fs.ErrorIsFile {
-		f.root = path.Dir(f.root)
-		if f.root == "." || f.root == "/" {
-			f.root = ""
-		}
-	}
 	// the features here are ones we could support, and they are
 	// ANDed with the ones from wrappedFs
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
@@ -265,16 +257,6 @@ func isMetadataFile(filename string) bool {
 	return strings.HasSuffix(filename, metaFileExt)
 }

-// Checks whether a file is a metadata file and returns the original
-// file name and a flag indicating whether it was a metadata file or
-// not.
-func unwrapMetadataFile(filename string) (string, bool) {
-	if !isMetadataFile(filename) {
-		return "", false
-	}
-	return filename[:len(filename)-len(metaFileExt)], true
-}
-
 // makeDataName generates the file name for a data file with specified compression mode
 func makeDataName(remote string, size int64, mode int) (newRemote string) {
 	if mode != Uncompressed {
@@ -997,8 +979,7 @@ func (f *Fs) ChangeNotify(ctx context.Context, notifyFunc func(string, fs.EntryT
 	wrappedNotifyFunc := func(path string, entryType fs.EntryType) {
 		fs.Logf(f, "path %q entryType %d", path, entryType)
 		var (
-			wrappedPath    string
-			isMetadataFile bool
+			wrappedPath string
 		)
 		switch entryType {
 		case fs.EntryDirectory:
@@ -1006,10 +987,7 @@ func (f *Fs) ChangeNotify(ctx context.Context, notifyFunc func(string, fs.EntryT
 		case fs.EntryObject:
 			// Note: All we really need to do to monitor the object is to check whether the metadata changed,
 			// as the metadata contains the hash. This will work unless there's a hash collision and the sizes stay the same.
-			wrappedPath, isMetadataFile = unwrapMetadataFile(path)
-			if !isMetadataFile {
-				return
-			}
+			wrappedPath = makeMetadataName(path)
 		default:
 			fs.Errorf(path, "press ChangeNotify: ignoring unknown EntryType %d", entryType)
 			return
--- a/backend/compress/compress_test.go
+++ b/backend/compress/compress_test.go
@@ -14,26 +14,23 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
 )

-var defaultOpt = fstests.Opt{
-	RemoteName: "TestCompress:",
-	NilObject:  (*Object)(nil),
-	UnimplementableFsMethods: []string{
-		"OpenWriterAt",
-		"OpenChunkWriter",
-		"MergeDirs",
-		"DirCacheFlush",
-		"PutUnchecked",
-		"PutStream",
-		"UserInfo",
-		"Disconnect",
-	},
-	TiersToTest:                  []string{"STANDARD", "STANDARD_IA"},
-	UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{},
-}
-
 // TestIntegration runs integration tests against the remote
 func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
-	fstests.Run(t, &defaultOpt)
+	opt := fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName: *fstest.RemoteName,
+		NilObject:  (*Object)(nil),
+		UnimplementableFsMethods: []string{
+			"OpenWriterAt",
+			"MergeDirs",
+			"DirCacheFlush",
+			"PutUnchecked",
+			"PutStream",
+			"UserInfo",
+			"Disconnect",
+		},
+		TiersToTest:                  []string{"STANDARD", "STANDARD_IA"},
+		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{}}
+	fstests.Run(t, &opt)
 }

 // TestRemoteGzip tests GZIP compression
@@ -43,13 +40,27 @@ func TestRemoteGzip(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	tempdir := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "rclone-compress-test-gzip")
 	name := "TestCompressGzip"
-	opt := defaultOpt
-	opt.RemoteName = name + ":"
-	opt.ExtraConfig = []fstests.ExtraConfigItem{
-		{Name: name, Key: "type", Value: "compress"},
-		{Name: name, Key: "remote", Value: tempdir},
-		{Name: name, Key: "compression_mode", Value: "gzip"},
-	}
-	opt.QuickTestOK = true
-	fstests.Run(t, &opt)
+	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
+		RemoteName: name + ":",
+		NilObject:  (*Object)(nil),
+		UnimplementableFsMethods: []string{
+			"OpenWriterAt",
+			"MergeDirs",
+			"DirCacheFlush",
+			"PutUnchecked",
+			"PutStream",
+			"UserInfo",
+			"Disconnect",
+		},
+		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{
+			"GetTier",
+			"SetTier",
+		},
+		ExtraConfig: []fstests.ExtraConfigItem{
+			{Name: name, Key: "type", Value: "compress"},
+			{Name: name, Key: "remote", Value: tempdir},
+			{Name: name, Key: "compression_mode", Value: "gzip"},
+		},
+		QuickTestOK: true,
+	})
 }
--- a/backend/crypt/crypt.go
+++ b/backend/crypt/crypt.go
@@ -253,13 +253,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, rpath string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs,
 		cipher: cipher,
 	}
 	cache.PinUntilFinalized(f.Fs, f)
-	// Correct root if definitely pointing to a file
-	if err == fs.ErrorIsFile {
-		f.root = path.Dir(f.root)
-		if f.root == "." || f.root == "/" {
-			f.root = ""
-		}
-	}
 	// the features here are ones we could support, and they are
 	// ANDed with the ones from wrappedFs
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
--- a/backend/crypt/crypt_test.go
+++ b/backend/crypt/crypt_test.go
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
 		RemoteName:                   *fstest.RemoteName,
 		NilObject:                    (*crypt.Object)(nil),
-		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt", "OpenChunkWriter"},
+		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
 	})
 }
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func TestStandardBase32(t *testing.T) {
 			{Name: name, Key: "password", Value: obscure.MustObscure("potato")},
 			{Name: name, Key: "filename_encryption", Value: "standard"},
 		},
-		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt", "OpenChunkWriter"},
+		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
 		QuickTestOK:                  true,
 	})
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func TestStandardBase64(t *testing.T) {
 			{Name: name, Key: "filename_encryption", Value: "standard"},
 			{Name: name, Key: "filename_encoding", Value: "base64"},
 		},
-		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt", "OpenChunkWriter"},
+		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
 		QuickTestOK:                  true,
 	})
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func TestStandardBase32768(t *testing.T) {
 			{Name: name, Key: "filename_encryption", Value: "standard"},
 			{Name: name, Key: "filename_encoding", Value: "base32768"},
 		},
-		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt", "OpenChunkWriter"},
+		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
 		QuickTestOK:                  true,
 	})
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func TestOff(t *testing.T) {
 			{Name: name, Key: "password", Value: obscure.MustObscure("potato2")},
 			{Name: name, Key: "filename_encryption", Value: "off"},
 		},
-		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt", "OpenChunkWriter"},
+		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
 		QuickTestOK:                  true,
 	})
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ func TestObfuscate(t *testing.T) {
 			{Name: name, Key: "filename_encryption", Value: "obfuscate"},
 		},
 		SkipBadWindowsCharacters:     true,
-		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt", "OpenChunkWriter"},
+		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
 		QuickTestOK:                  true,
 	})
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ func TestNoDataObfuscate(t *testing.T) {
 			{Name: name, Key: "no_data_encryption", Value: "true"},
 		},
 		SkipBadWindowsCharacters:     true,
-		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt", "OpenChunkWriter"},
+		UnimplementableFsMethods:     []string{"OpenWriterAt"},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{"MimeType"},
 		QuickTestOK:                  true,
 	})
--- a/backend/drive/drive.go
+++ b/backend/drive/drive.go
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ const (
 	// 1<<18 is the minimum size supported by the Google uploader, and there is no maximum.
 	minChunkSize     = fs.SizeSuffix(googleapi.MinUploadChunkSize)
 	defaultChunkSize = 8 * fs.Mebi
-	partialFields    = "id,name,size,md5Checksum,sha1Checksum,sha256Checksum,trashed,explicitlyTrashed,modifiedTime,createdTime,mimeType,parents,webViewLink,shortcutDetails,exportLinks,resourceKey"
+	partialFields    = "id,name,size,md5Checksum,trashed,explicitlyTrashed,modifiedTime,createdTime,mimeType,parents,webViewLink,shortcutDetails,exportLinks,resourceKey"
 	listRGrouping    = 50   // number of IDs to search at once when using ListR
 	listRInputBuffer = 1000 // size of input buffer when using ListR
 	defaultXDGIcon   = "text-html"
@@ -143,41 +143,6 @@ var (
 	_linkTemplates   map[string]*template.Template // available link types
 )

-// rwChoices type for fs.Bits
-type rwChoices struct{}
-
-func (rwChoices) Choices() []fs.BitsChoicesInfo {
-	return []fs.BitsChoicesInfo{
-		{Bit: uint64(rwOff), Name: "off"},
-		{Bit: uint64(rwRead), Name: "read"},
-		{Bit: uint64(rwWrite), Name: "write"},
-	}
-}
-
-// rwChoice type alias
-type rwChoice = fs.Bits[rwChoices]
-
-const (
-	rwRead rwChoice = 1 << iota
-	rwWrite
-	rwOff rwChoice = 0
-)
-
-// Examples for the options
-var rwExamples = fs.OptionExamples{{
-	Value: rwOff.String(),
-	Help:  "Do not read or write the value",
-}, {
-	Value: rwRead.String(),
-	Help:  "Read the value only",
-}, {
-	Value: rwWrite.String(),
-	Help:  "Write the value only",
-}, {
-	Value: (rwRead | rwWrite).String(),
-	Help:  "Read and Write the value.",
-}}
-
 // Parse the scopes option returning a slice of scopes
 func driveScopes(scopesString string) (scopes []string) {
 	if scopesString == "" {
@@ -285,13 +250,9 @@ func init() {
 			}
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown state %q", config.State)
 		},
-		MetadataInfo: &fs.MetadataInfo{
-			System: systemMetadataInfo,
-			Help:   `User metadata is stored in the properties field of the drive object.`,
-		},
 		Options: append(driveOAuthOptions(), []fs.Option{{
 			Name: "scope",
-			Help: "Comma separated list of scopes that rclone should use when requesting access from drive.",
+			Help: "Scope that rclone should use when requesting access from drive.",
 			Examples: []fs.OptionExample{{
 				Value: "drive",
 				Help:  "Full access all files, excluding Application Data Folder.",
@@ -359,35 +320,16 @@ rather than shortcuts themselves when doing server side copies.`,
 			Default:  false,
 			Help:     "Skip google documents in all listings.\n\nIf given, gdocs practically become invisible to rclone.",
 			Advanced: true,
-		}, {
-			Name:    "show_all_gdocs",
-			Default: false,
-			Help: `Show all Google Docs including non-exportable ones in listings.
-
-If you try a server side copy on a Google Form without this flag, you
-will get this error:
-
-    No export formats found for "application/vnd.google-apps.form"
-
-However adding this flag will allow the form to be server side copied.
-
-Note that rclone doesn't add extensions to the Google Docs file names
-in this mode.
-
-Do **not** use this flag when trying to download Google Docs - rclone
-will fail to download them.
-`,
-			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "skip_checksum_gphotos",
 			Default: false,
-			Help: `Skip checksums on Google photos and videos only.
+			Help: `Skip MD5 checksum on Google photos and videos only.

 Use this if you get checksum errors when transferring Google photos or
 videos.

 Setting this flag will cause Google photos and videos to return a
-blank checksums.
+blank MD5 checksum.

 Google photos are identified by being in the "photos" space.

@@ -652,82 +594,10 @@ This resource key requirement only applies to a subset of old files.

 Note also that opening the folder once in the web interface (with the
 user you've authenticated rclone with) seems to be enough so that the
-resource key is not needed.
+resource key is no needed.
 `,
 			Advanced:  true,
 			Sensitive: true,
-		}, {
-			Name: "fast_list_bug_fix",
-			Help: `Work around a bug in Google Drive listing.
-
-Normally rclone will work around a bug in Google Drive when using
--fast-list (ListR) where the search "(A in parents) or (B in
-parents)" returns nothing sometimes. See #3114, #4289 and
-https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/149522397
-
-Rclone detects this by finding no items in more than one directory
-when listing and retries them as lists of individual directories.
-
-This means that if you have a lot of empty directories rclone will end
-up listing them all individually and this can take many more API
-calls.
-
-This flag allows the work-around to be disabled. This is **not**
-recommended in normal use - only if you have a particular case you are
-having trouble with like many empty directories.
-`,
-			Advanced: true,
-			Default:  true,
-		}, {
-			Name: "metadata_owner",
-			Help: `Control whether owner should be read or written in metadata.
-
-Owner is a standard part of the file metadata so is easy to read. But it
-isn't always desirable to set the owner from the metadata.
-
-Note that you can't set the owner on Shared Drives, and that setting
-ownership will generate an email to the new owner (this can't be
-disabled), and you can't transfer ownership to someone outside your
-organization.
-`,
-			Advanced: true,
-			Default:  rwRead,
-			Examples: rwExamples,
-		}, {
-			Name: "metadata_permissions",
-			Help: `Control whether permissions should be read or written in metadata.
-
-Reading permissions metadata from files can be done quickly, but it
-isn't always desirable to set the permissions from the metadata.
-
-Note that rclone drops any inherited permissions on Shared Drives and
-any owner permission on My Drives as these are duplicated in the owner
-metadata.
-`,
-			Advanced: true,
-			Default:  rwOff,
-			Examples: rwExamples,
-		}, {
-			Name: "metadata_labels",
-			Help: `Control whether labels should be read or written in metadata.
-
-Reading labels metadata from files takes an extra API transaction and
-will slow down listings. It isn't always desirable to set the labels
-from the metadata.
-
-The format of labels is documented in the drive API documentation at
-https://developers.google.com/drive/api/reference/rest/v3/Label -
-rclone just provides a JSON dump of this format.
-
-When setting labels, the label and fields must already exist - rclone
-will not create them. This means that if you are transferring labels
-from two different accounts you will have to create the labels in
-advance and use the metadata mapper to translate the IDs between the
-two accounts.
-`,
-			Advanced: true,
-			Default:  rwOff,
-			Examples: rwExamples,
 		}, {
 			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
 			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
@@ -775,7 +645,6 @@ type Options struct {
 	UseTrash                  bool                 `config:"use_trash"`
 	CopyShortcutContent       bool                 `config:"copy_shortcut_content"`
 	SkipGdocs                 bool                 `config:"skip_gdocs"`
-	ShowAllGdocs              bool                 `config:"show_all_gdocs"`
 	SkipChecksumGphotos       bool                 `config:"skip_checksum_gphotos"`
 	SharedWithMe              bool                 `config:"shared_with_me"`
 	TrashedOnly               bool                 `config:"trashed_only"`
@@ -803,10 +672,6 @@ type Options struct {
 	SkipShortcuts             bool                 `config:"skip_shortcuts"`
 	SkipDanglingShortcuts     bool                 `config:"skip_dangling_shortcuts"`
 	ResourceKey               string               `config:"resource_key"`
-	FastListBugFix            bool                 `config:"fast_list_bug_fix"`
-	MetadataOwner             rwChoice             `config:"metadata_owner"`
-	MetadataPermissions       rwChoice             `config:"metadata_permissions"`
-	MetadataLabels            rwChoice             `config:"metadata_labels"`
 	Enc                       encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
 	EnvAuth                   bool                 `config:"env_auth"`
 }
@@ -828,25 +693,23 @@ type Fs struct {
 	exportExtensions []string           // preferred extensions to download docs
 	importMimeTypes  []string           // MIME types to convert to docs
 	isTeamDrive      bool               // true if this is a team drive
+	fileFields       googleapi.Field    // fields to fetch file info with
 	m                configmap.Mapper
-	grouping         int32                        // number of IDs to search at once in ListR - read with atomic
-	listRmu          *sync.Mutex                  // protects listRempties
-	listRempties     map[string]struct{}          // IDs of supposedly empty directories which triggered grouping disable
-	dirResourceKeys  *sync.Map                    // map directory ID to resource key
-	permissionsMu    *sync.Mutex                  // protect the below
-	permissions      map[string]*drive.Permission // map permission IDs to Permissions
+	grouping         int32               // number of IDs to search at once in ListR - read with atomic
+	listRmu          *sync.Mutex         // protects listRempties
+	listRempties     map[string]struct{} // IDs of supposedly empty directories which triggered grouping disable
+	dirResourceKeys  *sync.Map           // map directory ID to resource key
 }

 type baseObject struct {
-	fs           *Fs          // what this object is part of
-	remote       string       // The remote path
-	id           string       // Drive Id of this object
-	modifiedDate string       // RFC3339 time it was last modified
-	mimeType     string       // The object MIME type
-	bytes        int64        // size of the object
-	parents      []string     // IDs of the parent directories
-	resourceKey  *string      // resourceKey is needed for link shared objects
-	metadata     *fs.Metadata // metadata if known
+	fs           *Fs      // what this object is part of
+	remote       string   // The remote path
+	id           string   // Drive Id of this object
+	modifiedDate string   // RFC3339 time it was last modified
+	mimeType     string   // The object MIME type
+	bytes        int64    // size of the object
+	parents      []string // IDs of the parent directories
+	resourceKey  *string  // resourceKey is needed for link shared objects
 }
 type documentObject struct {
 	baseObject
@@ -865,8 +728,6 @@ type Object struct {
 	baseObject
 	url        string // Download URL of this object
 	md5sum     string // md5sum of the object
-	sha1sum    string // sha1sum of the object
-	sha256sum  string // sha256sum of the object
 	v2Download bool   // generate v2 download link ondemand
 }

@@ -1095,7 +956,7 @@ func (f *Fs) list(ctx context.Context, dirIDs []string, title string, directorie
 		list.Header().Add("X-Goog-Drive-Resource-Keys", resourceKeysHeader)
 	}

-	fields := fmt.Sprintf("files(%s),nextPageToken,incompleteSearch", f.getFileFields(ctx))
+	fields := fmt.Sprintf("files(%s),nextPageToken,incompleteSearch", f.fileFields)

 OUTER:
 	for {
@@ -1369,10 +1230,9 @@ func newFs(ctx context.Context, name, path string, m configmap.Mapper) (*Fs, err
 		listRmu:         new(sync.Mutex),
 		listRempties:    make(map[string]struct{}),
 		dirResourceKeys: new(sync.Map),
-		permissionsMu:   new(sync.Mutex),
-		permissions:     make(map[string]*drive.Permission),
 	}
 	f.isTeamDrive = opt.TeamDriveID != ""
+	f.fileFields = f.getFileFields()
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
 		DuplicateFiles:          true,
 		ReadMimeType:            true,
@@ -1380,9 +1240,6 @@ func newFs(ctx context.Context, name, path string, m configmap.Mapper) (*Fs, err
 		CanHaveEmptyDirectories: true,
 		ServerSideAcrossConfigs: opt.ServerSideAcrossConfigs,
 		FilterAware:             true,
-		ReadMetadata:            true,
-		WriteMetadata:           true,
-		UserMetadata:            true,
 	}).Fill(ctx, f)

 	// Create a new authorized Drive client.
@@ -1487,7 +1344,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, path string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	return f, nil
 }

-func (f *Fs) newBaseObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, info *drive.File) (o baseObject, err error) {
+func (f *Fs) newBaseObject(remote string, info *drive.File) baseObject {
 	modifiedDate := info.ModifiedTime
 	if f.opt.UseCreatedDate {
 		modifiedDate = info.CreatedTime
@@ -1498,7 +1355,7 @@ func (f *Fs) newBaseObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, info *drive.File)
 	if f.opt.SizeAsQuota {
 		size = info.QuotaBytesUsed
 	}
-	o = baseObject{
+	return baseObject{
 		fs:           f,
 		remote:       remote,
 		id:           info.Id,
@@ -1507,15 +1364,10 @@ func (f *Fs) newBaseObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, info *drive.File)
 		bytes:        size,
 		parents:      info.Parents,
 	}
-	err = nil
-	if fs.GetConfig(ctx).Metadata {
-		err = o.parseMetadata(ctx, info)
-	}
-	return o, err
 }

 // getFileFields gets the fields for a normal file Get or List
-func (f *Fs) getFileFields(ctx context.Context) (fields googleapi.Field) {
+func (f *Fs) getFileFields() (fields googleapi.Field) {
 	fields = partialFields
 	if f.opt.AuthOwnerOnly {
 		fields += ",owners"
@@ -1529,53 +1381,40 @@ func (f *Fs) getFileFields(ctx context.Context) (fields googleapi.Field) {
 	if f.opt.SizeAsQuota {
 		fields += ",quotaBytesUsed"
 	}
-	if fs.GetConfig(ctx).Metadata {
-		fields += "," + metadataFields
-	}
 	return fields
 }

 // newRegularObject creates an fs.Object for a normal drive.File
-func (f *Fs) newRegularObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, info *drive.File) (obj fs.Object, err error) {
+func (f *Fs) newRegularObject(remote string, info *drive.File) fs.Object {
 	// wipe checksum if SkipChecksumGphotos and file is type Photo or Video
 	if f.opt.SkipChecksumGphotos {
 		for _, space := range info.Spaces {
 			if space == "photos" {
 				info.Md5Checksum = ""
-				info.Sha1Checksum = ""
-				info.Sha256Checksum = ""
 				break
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	o := &Object{
+		baseObject: f.newBaseObject(remote, info),
 		url:        fmt.Sprintf("%sfiles/%s?alt=media", f.svc.BasePath, actualID(info.Id)),
 		md5sum:     strings.ToLower(info.Md5Checksum),
-		sha1sum:    strings.ToLower(info.Sha1Checksum),
-		sha256sum:  strings.ToLower(info.Sha256Checksum),
 		v2Download: f.opt.V2DownloadMinSize != -1 && info.Size >= int64(f.opt.V2DownloadMinSize),
 	}
-	o.baseObject, err = f.newBaseObject(ctx, remote, info)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	if info.ResourceKey != "" {
 		o.resourceKey = &info.ResourceKey
 	}
-	return o, nil
+	return o
 }

 // newDocumentObject creates an fs.Object for a google docs drive.File
-func (f *Fs) newDocumentObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, info *drive.File, extension, exportMimeType string) (fs.Object, error) {
+func (f *Fs) newDocumentObject(remote string, info *drive.File, extension, exportMimeType string) (fs.Object, error) {
 	mediaType, _, err := mime.ParseMediaType(exportMimeType)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	url := info.ExportLinks[mediaType]
-	baseObject, err := f.newBaseObject(ctx, remote+extension, info)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	baseObject := f.newBaseObject(remote+extension, info)
 	baseObject.bytes = -1
 	baseObject.mimeType = exportMimeType
 	return &documentObject{
@@ -1587,7 +1426,7 @@ func (f *Fs) newDocumentObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, info *drive.F
 }

 // newLinkObject creates an fs.Object that represents a link a google docs drive.File
-func (f *Fs) newLinkObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, info *drive.File, extension, exportMimeType string) (fs.Object, error) {
+func (f *Fs) newLinkObject(remote string, info *drive.File, extension, exportMimeType string) (fs.Object, error) {
 	t := linkTemplate(exportMimeType)
 	if t == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("unsupported link type %s", exportMimeType)
@@ -1606,10 +1445,7 @@ func (f *Fs) newLinkObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, info *drive.File,
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("executing template failed: %w", err)
 	}

-	baseObject, err := f.newBaseObject(ctx, remote+extension, info)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+	baseObject := f.newBaseObject(remote+extension, info)
 	baseObject.bytes = int64(buf.Len())
 	baseObject.mimeType = exportMimeType
 	return &linkObject{
@@ -1625,7 +1461,7 @@ func (f *Fs) newLinkObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, info *drive.File,
 func (f *Fs) newObjectWithInfo(ctx context.Context, remote string, info *drive.File) (fs.Object, error) {
 	// If item has MD5 sum it is a file stored on drive
 	if info.Md5Checksum != "" {
-		return f.newRegularObject(ctx, remote, info)
+		return f.newRegularObject(remote, info), nil
 	}

 	extension, exportName, exportMimeType, isDocument := f.findExportFormat(ctx, info)
@@ -1656,15 +1492,13 @@ func (f *Fs) newObjectWithExportInfo(
 	case info.MimeType == shortcutMimeTypeDangling:
 		// Pretend a dangling shortcut is a regular object
 		// It will error if used, but appear in listings so it can be deleted
-		return f.newRegularObject(ctx, remote, info)
+		return f.newRegularObject(remote, info), nil
 	case info.Md5Checksum != "":
 		// If item has MD5 sum it is a file stored on drive
-		return f.newRegularObject(ctx, remote, info)
+		return f.newRegularObject(remote, info), nil
 	case f.opt.SkipGdocs:
 		fs.Debugf(remote, "Skipping google document type %q", info.MimeType)
 		return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
-	case f.opt.ShowAllGdocs:
-		return f.newDocumentObject(ctx, remote, info, "", info.MimeType)
 	default:
 		// If item MimeType is in the ExportFormats then it is a google doc
 		if !isDocument {
@@ -1676,9 +1510,9 @@ func (f *Fs) newObjectWithExportInfo(
 			return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
 		}
 		if isLinkMimeType(exportMimeType) {
-			return f.newLinkObject(ctx, remote, info, extension, exportMimeType)
+			return f.newLinkObject(remote, info, extension, exportMimeType)
 		}
-		return f.newDocumentObject(ctx, remote, info, extension, exportMimeType)
+		return f.newDocumentObject(remote, info, extension, exportMimeType)
 	}
 }

@@ -2057,7 +1891,7 @@ func (f *Fs) listRRunner(ctx context.Context, wg *sync.WaitGroup, in chan listRE
 		// drive where (A in parents) or (B in parents) returns nothing
 		// sometimes. See #3114, #4289 and
 		// https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/149522397
-		if f.opt.FastListBugFix && len(dirs) > 1 && !foundItems {
+		if len(dirs) > 1 && !foundItems {
 			if atomic.SwapInt32(&f.grouping, 1) != 1 {
 				fs.Debugf(f, "Disabling ListR to work around bug in drive as multi listing (%d) returned no entries", len(dirs))
 			}
@@ -2306,7 +2140,7 @@ func (f *Fs) resolveShortcut(ctx context.Context, item *drive.File) (newItem *dr
 		fs.Errorf(nil, "Expecting shortcutDetails in %v", item)
 		return item, nil
 	}
-	newItem, err = f.getFile(ctx, item.ShortcutDetails.TargetId, f.getFileFields(ctx))
+	newItem, err = f.getFile(ctx, item.ShortcutDetails.TargetId, f.fileFields)
 	if err != nil {
 		var gerr *googleapi.Error
 		if errors.As(err, &gerr) && gerr.Code == 404 {
@@ -2438,10 +2272,6 @@ func (f *Fs) PutUnchecked(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo,
 	} else {
 		createInfo.MimeType = fs.MimeTypeFromName(remote)
 	}
-	updateMetadata, err := f.fetchAndUpdateMetadata(ctx, src, options, createInfo, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}

 	var info *drive.File
 	if size >= 0 && size < int64(f.opt.UploadCutoff) {
@@ -2466,10 +2296,6 @@ func (f *Fs) PutUnchecked(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo,
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	err = updateMetadata(ctx, info)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	return f.newObjectWithInfo(ctx, remote, info)
 }

@@ -3158,7 +2984,7 @@ func (f *Fs) DirCacheFlush() {

 // Hashes returns the supported hash sets.
 func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set {
-	return hash.NewHashSet(hash.MD5, hash.SHA1, hash.SHA256)
+	return hash.Set(hash.MD5)
 }

 func (f *Fs) changeChunkSize(chunkSizeString string) (err error) {
@@ -3387,7 +3213,7 @@ func (f *Fs) unTrashDir(ctx context.Context, dir string, recurse bool) (r unTras

 // copy file with id to dest
 func (f *Fs) copyID(ctx context.Context, id, dest string) (err error) {
-	info, err := f.getFile(ctx, id, f.getFileFields(ctx))
+	info, err := f.getFile(ctx, id, f.fileFields)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("couldn't find id: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -3719,16 +3545,10 @@ func (o *baseObject) Remote() string {

 // Hash returns the Md5sum of an object returning a lowercase hex string
 func (o *Object) Hash(ctx context.Context, t hash.Type) (string, error) {
-	if t == hash.MD5 {
-		return o.md5sum, nil
+	if t != hash.MD5 {
+		return "", hash.ErrUnsupported
 	}
-	if t == hash.SHA1 {
-		return o.sha1sum, nil
-	}
-	if t == hash.SHA256 {
-		return o.sha256sum, nil
-	}
-	return "", hash.ErrUnsupported
+	return o.md5sum, nil
 }
 func (o *baseObject) Hash(ctx context.Context, t hash.Type) (string, error) {
 	if t != hash.MD5 {
@@ -4067,20 +3887,10 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		MimeType:     srcMimeType,
 		ModifiedTime: src.ModTime(ctx).Format(timeFormatOut),
 	}
-
-	updateMetadata, err := o.fs.fetchAndUpdateMetadata(ctx, src, options, updateInfo, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
 	info, err := o.baseObject.update(ctx, updateInfo, srcMimeType, in, src)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = updateMetadata(ctx, info)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
 	newO, err := o.fs.newObjectWithInfo(ctx, o.remote, info)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -4166,26 +3976,6 @@ func (o *baseObject) ParentID() string {
 	return ""
 }

-// Metadata returns metadata for an object
-//
-// It should return nil if there is no Metadata
-func (o *baseObject) Metadata(ctx context.Context) (metadata fs.Metadata, err error) {
-	if o.metadata != nil {
-		return *o.metadata, nil
-	}
-	fs.Debugf(o, "Fetching metadata")
-	id := actualID(o.id)
-	info, err := o.fs.getFile(ctx, id, o.fs.getFileFields(ctx))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	err = o.parseMetadata(ctx, info)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return *o.metadata, nil
-}
-
 func (o *documentObject) ext() string {
 	return o.baseObject.remote[len(o.baseObject.remote)-o.extLen:]
 }
@@ -4247,7 +4037,6 @@ var (
 	_ fs.MimeTyper       = (*Object)(nil)
 	_ fs.IDer            = (*Object)(nil)
 	_ fs.ParentIDer      = (*Object)(nil)
-	_ fs.Metadataer      = (*Object)(nil)
 	_ fs.Object          = (*documentObject)(nil)
 	_ fs.MimeTyper       = (*documentObject)(nil)
 	_ fs.IDer            = (*documentObject)(nil)
--- a/backend/drive/metadata.go
+++ b/backend/drive/metadata.go
@@ -1,608 +0,0 @@
-package drive
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
-	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
-	drive "google.golang.org/api/drive/v3"
-	"google.golang.org/api/googleapi"
-)
-
-// system metadata keys which this backend owns
-var systemMetadataInfo = map[string]fs.MetadataHelp{
-	"content-type": {
-		Help:    "The MIME type of the file.",
-		Type:    "string",
-		Example: "text/plain",
-	},
-	"mtime": {
-		Help:    "Time of last modification with mS accuracy.",
-		Type:    "RFC 3339",
-		Example: "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999Z07:00",
-	},
-	"btime": {
-		Help:    "Time of file birth (creation) with mS accuracy. Note that this is only writable on fresh uploads - it can't be written for updates.",
-		Type:    "RFC 3339",
-		Example: "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999Z07:00",
-	},
-	"copy-requires-writer-permission": {
-		Help:    "Whether the options to copy, print, or download this file, should be disabled for readers and commenters.",
-		Type:    "boolean",
-		Example: "true",
-	},
-	"writers-can-share": {
-		Help:    "Whether users with only writer permission can modify the file's permissions. Not populated for items in shared drives.",
-		Type:    "boolean",
-		Example: "false",
-	},
-	"viewed-by-me": {
-		Help:     "Whether the file has been viewed by this user.",
-		Type:     "boolean",
-		Example:  "true",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-	"owner": {
-		Help:    "The owner of the file. Usually an email address. Enable with --drive-metadata-owner.",
-		Type:    "string",
-		Example: "user@example.com",
-	},
-	"permissions": {
-		Help:    "Permissions in a JSON dump of Google drive format. On shared drives these will only be present if they aren't inherited. Enable with --drive-metadata-permissions.",
-		Type:    "JSON",
-		Example: "{}",
-	},
-	"folder-color-rgb": {
-		Help:    "The color for a folder or a shortcut to a folder as an RGB hex string.",
-		Type:    "string",
-		Example: "881133",
-	},
-	"description": {
-		Help:    "A short description of the file.",
-		Type:    "string",
-		Example: "Contract for signing",
-	},
-	"starred": {
-		Help:    "Whether the user has starred the file.",
-		Type:    "boolean",
-		Example: "false",
-	},
-	"labels": {
-		Help:    "Labels attached to this file in a JSON dump of Googled drive format. Enable with --drive-metadata-labels.",
-		Type:    "JSON",
-		Example: "[]",
-	},
-}
-
-// Extra fields we need to fetch to implement the system metadata above
-var metadataFields = googleapi.Field(strings.Join([]string{
-	"copyRequiresWriterPermission",
-	"description",
-	"folderColorRgb",
-	"hasAugmentedPermissions",
-	"owners",
-	"permissionIds",
-	"permissions",
-	"properties",
-	"starred",
-	"viewedByMe",
-	"viewedByMeTime",
-	"writersCanShare",
-}, ","))
-
-// Fields we need to read from permissions
-var permissionsFields = googleapi.Field(strings.Join([]string{
-	"*",
-	"permissionDetails/*",
-}, ","))
-
-// getPermission returns permissions for the fileID and permissionID passed in
-func (f *Fs) getPermission(ctx context.Context, fileID, permissionID string, useCache bool) (perm *drive.Permission, inherited bool, err error) {
-	f.permissionsMu.Lock()
-	defer f.permissionsMu.Unlock()
-	if useCache {
-		perm = f.permissions[permissionID]
-		if perm != nil {
-			return perm, false, nil
-		}
-	}
-	fs.Debugf(f, "Fetching permission %q", permissionID)
-	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		perm, err = f.svc.Permissions.Get(fileID, permissionID).
-			Fields(permissionsFields).
-			SupportsAllDrives(true).
-			Context(ctx).Do()
-		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, err)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, false, err
-	}
-
-	inherited = len(perm.PermissionDetails) > 0 && perm.PermissionDetails[0].Inherited
-
-	cleanPermission(perm)
-
-	// cache the permission
-	f.permissions[permissionID] = perm
-
-	return perm, inherited, err
-}
-
-// Set the permissions on the info
-func (f *Fs) setPermissions(ctx context.Context, info *drive.File, permissions []*drive.Permission) (err error) {
-	for _, perm := range permissions {
-		if perm.Role == "owner" {
-			// ignore owner permissions - these are set with owner
-			continue
-		}
-		cleanPermissionForWrite(perm)
-		err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-			_, err = f.svc.Permissions.Create(info.Id, perm).
-				SupportsAllDrives(true).
-				Context(ctx).Do()
-			return f.shouldRetry(ctx, err)
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to set permission: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Clean attributes from permissions which we can't write
-func cleanPermissionForWrite(perm *drive.Permission) {
-	perm.Deleted = false
-	perm.DisplayName = ""
-	perm.Id = ""
-	perm.Kind = ""
-	perm.PermissionDetails = nil
-	perm.TeamDrivePermissionDetails = nil
-}
-
-// Clean and cache the permission if not already cached
-func (f *Fs) cleanAndCachePermission(perm *drive.Permission) {
-	f.permissionsMu.Lock()
-	defer f.permissionsMu.Unlock()
-	cleanPermission(perm)
-	if _, found := f.permissions[perm.Id]; !found {
-		f.permissions[perm.Id] = perm
-	}
-}
-
-// Clean fields we don't need to keep from the permission
-func cleanPermission(perm *drive.Permission) {
-	// DisplayName: Output only. The "pretty" name of the value of the
-	// permission. The following is a list of examples for each type of
-	// permission: * `user` - User's full name, as defined for their Google
-	// account, such as "Joe Smith." * `group` - Name of the Google Group,
-	// such as "The Company Administrators." * `domain` - String domain
-	// name, such as "thecompany.com." * `anyone` - No `displayName` is
-	// present.
-	perm.DisplayName = ""
-
-	// Kind: Output only. Identifies what kind of resource this is. Value:
-	// the fixed string "drive#permission".
-	perm.Kind = ""
-
-	// PermissionDetails: Output only. Details of whether the permissions on
-	// this shared drive item are inherited or directly on this item. This
-	// is an output-only field which is present only for shared drive items.
-	perm.PermissionDetails = nil
-
-	// PhotoLink: Output only. A link to the user's profile photo, if
-	// available.
-	perm.PhotoLink = ""
-
-	// TeamDrivePermissionDetails: Output only. Deprecated: Output only. Use
-	// `permissionDetails` instead.
-	perm.TeamDrivePermissionDetails = nil
-}
-
-// Fields we need to read from labels
-var labelsFields = googleapi.Field(strings.Join([]string{
-	"*",
-}, ","))
-
-// getLabels returns labels for the fileID passed in
-func (f *Fs) getLabels(ctx context.Context, fileID string) (labels []*drive.Label, err error) {
-	fs.Debugf(f, "Fetching labels for %q", fileID)
-	listLabels := f.svc.Files.ListLabels(fileID).
-		Fields(labelsFields).
-		Context(ctx)
-	for {
-		var info *drive.LabelList
-		err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-			info, err = listLabels.Do()
-			return f.shouldRetry(ctx, err)
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		labels = append(labels, info.Labels...)
-		if info.NextPageToken == "" {
-			break
-		}
-		listLabels.PageToken(info.NextPageToken)
-	}
-	for _, label := range labels {
-		cleanLabel(label)
-	}
-	return labels, nil
-}
-
-// Set the labels on the info
-func (f *Fs) setLabels(ctx context.Context, info *drive.File, labels []*drive.Label) (err error) {
-	if len(labels) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	req := drive.ModifyLabelsRequest{}
-	for _, label := range labels {
-		req.LabelModifications = append(req.LabelModifications, &drive.LabelModification{
-			FieldModifications: labelFieldsToFieldModifications(label.Fields),
-			LabelId:            label.Id,
-		})
-	}
-	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		_, err = f.svc.Files.ModifyLabels(info.Id, &req).
-			Context(ctx).Do()
-		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, err)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set owner: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Convert label fields into something which can set the fields
-func labelFieldsToFieldModifications(fields map[string]drive.LabelField) (out []*drive.LabelFieldModification) {
-	for id, field := range fields {
-		var emails []string
-		for _, user := range field.User {
-			emails = append(emails, user.EmailAddress)
-		}
-		out = append(out, &drive.LabelFieldModification{
-			// FieldId: The ID of the field to be modified.
-			FieldId: id,
-
-			// SetDateValues: Replaces the value of a dateString Field with these
-			// new values. The string must be in the RFC 3339 full-date format:
-			// YYYY-MM-DD.
-			SetDateValues: field.DateString,
-
-			// SetIntegerValues: Replaces the value of an `integer` field with these
-			// new values.
-			SetIntegerValues: field.Integer,
-
-			// SetSelectionValues: Replaces a `selection` field with these new
-			// values.
-			SetSelectionValues: field.Selection,
-
-			// SetTextValues: Sets the value of a `text` field.
-			SetTextValues: field.Text,
-
-			// SetUserValues: Replaces a `user` field with these new values. The
-			// values must be valid email addresses.
-			SetUserValues: emails,
-		})
-	}
-	return out
-}
-
-// Clean fields we don't need to keep from the label
-func cleanLabel(label *drive.Label) {
-	// Kind: This is always drive#label
-	label.Kind = ""
-
-	for name, field := range label.Fields {
-		// Kind: This is always drive#labelField.
-		field.Kind = ""
-
-		// Note the fields are copies so we need to write them
-		// back to the map
-		label.Fields[name] = field
-	}
-}
-
-// Parse the metadata from drive item
-//
-// It should return nil if there is no Metadata
-func (o *baseObject) parseMetadata(ctx context.Context, info *drive.File) (err error) {
-	metadata := make(fs.Metadata, 16)
-
-	// Dump user metadata first as it overrides system metadata
-	for k, v := range info.Properties {
-		metadata[k] = v
-	}
-
-	// System metadata
-	metadata["copy-requires-writer-permission"] = fmt.Sprint(info.CopyRequiresWriterPermission)
-	metadata["writers-can-share"] = fmt.Sprint(info.WritersCanShare)
-	metadata["viewed-by-me"] = fmt.Sprint(info.ViewedByMe)
-	metadata["content-type"] = info.MimeType
-
-	// Owners: Output only. The owner of this file. Only certain legacy
-	// files may have more than one owner. This field isn't populated for
-	// items in shared drives.
-	if o.fs.opt.MetadataOwner.IsSet(rwRead) && len(info.Owners) > 0 {
-		user := info.Owners[0]
-		if len(info.Owners) > 1 {
-			fs.Logf(o, "Ignoring more than 1 owner")
-		}
-		if user != nil {
-			id := user.EmailAddress
-			if id == "" {
-				id = user.DisplayName
-			}
-			metadata["owner"] = id
-		}
-	}
-
-	if o.fs.opt.MetadataPermissions.IsSet(rwRead) {
-		// We only write permissions out if they are not inherited.
-		//
-		// On My Drives permissions seem to be attached to every item
-		// so they will always be written out.
-		//
-		// On Shared Drives only non-inherited permissions will be
-		// written out.
-
-		// To read the inherited permissions flag will mean we need to
-		// read the permissions for each object and the cache will be
-		// useless. However shared drives don't return permissions
-		// only permissionIds so will need to fetch them for each
-		// object. We use HasAugmentedPermissions to see if there are
-		// special permissions before fetching them to save transactions.
-
-		// HasAugmentedPermissions: Output only. Whether there are permissions
-		// directly on this file. This field is only populated for items in
-		// shared drives.
-		if o.fs.isTeamDrive && !info.HasAugmentedPermissions {
-			// Don't process permissions if there aren't any specifically set
-			info.Permissions = nil
-			info.PermissionIds = nil
-		}
-
-		// PermissionIds: Output only. List of permission IDs for users with
-		// access to this file.
-		//
-		// Only process these if we have no Permissions
-		if len(info.PermissionIds) > 0 && len(info.Permissions) == 0 {
-			info.Permissions = make([]*drive.Permission, 0, len(info.PermissionIds))
-			g, gCtx := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
-			g.SetLimit(o.fs.ci.Checkers)
-			var mu sync.Mutex // protect the info.Permissions from concurrent writes
-			for _, permissionID := range info.PermissionIds {
-				permissionID := permissionID
-				g.Go(func() error {
-					// must fetch the team drive ones individually to check the inherited flag
-					perm, inherited, err := o.fs.getPermission(gCtx, actualID(info.Id), permissionID, !o.fs.isTeamDrive)
-					if err != nil {
-						return fmt.Errorf("failed to read permission: %w", err)
-					}
-					// Don't write inherited permissions out
-					if inherited {
-						return nil
-					}
-					// Don't write owner role out - these are covered by the owner metadata
-					if perm.Role == "owner" {
-						return nil
-					}
-					mu.Lock()
-					info.Permissions = append(info.Permissions, perm)
-					mu.Unlock()
-					return nil
-				})
-			}
-			err = g.Wait()
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		} else {
-			// Clean the fetched permissions
-			for _, perm := range info.Permissions {
-				o.fs.cleanAndCachePermission(perm)
-			}
-		}
-
-		// Permissions: Output only. The full list of permissions for the file.
-		// This is only available if the requesting user can share the file. Not
-		// populated for items in shared drives.
-		if len(info.Permissions) > 0 {
-			buf, err := json.Marshal(info.Permissions)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal permissions: %w", err)
-			}
-			metadata["permissions"] = string(buf)
-		}
-
-		// Permission propagation
-		// https://developers.google.com/drive/api/guides/manage-sharing#permission-propagation
-		// Leads me to believe that in non shared drives, permissions
-		// are added to each item when you set permissions for a
-		// folder whereas in shared drives they are inherited and
-		// placed on the item directly.
-	}
-
-	if info.FolderColorRgb != "" {
-		metadata["folder-color-rgb"] = info.FolderColorRgb
-	}
-	if info.Description != "" {
-		metadata["description"] = info.Description
-	}
-	metadata["starred"] = fmt.Sprint(info.Starred)
-	metadata["btime"] = info.CreatedTime
-	metadata["mtime"] = info.ModifiedTime
-
-	if o.fs.opt.MetadataLabels.IsSet(rwRead) {
-		// FIXME would be really nice if we knew if files had labels
-		// before listing but we need to know all possible label IDs
-		// to get it in the listing.
-
-		labels, err := o.fs.getLabels(ctx, actualID(info.Id))
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch labels: %w", err)
-		}
-		buf, err := json.Marshal(labels)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal labels: %w", err)
-		}
-		metadata["labels"] = string(buf)
-	}
-
-	o.metadata = &metadata
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Set the owner on the info
-func (f *Fs) setOwner(ctx context.Context, info *drive.File, owner string) (err error) {
-	perm := drive.Permission{
-		Role:         "owner",
-		EmailAddress: owner,
-		// Type: The type of the grantee. Valid values are: * `user` * `group` *
-		// `domain` * `anyone` When creating a permission, if `type` is `user`
-		// or `group`, you must provide an `emailAddress` for the user or group.
-		// When `type` is `domain`, you must provide a `domain`. There isn't
-		// extra information required for an `anyone` type.
-		Type: "user",
-	}
-	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		_, err = f.svc.Permissions.Create(info.Id, &perm).
-			SupportsAllDrives(true).
-			TransferOwnership(true).
-			// SendNotificationEmail(false). - required apparently!
-			Context(ctx).Do()
-		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, err)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set owner: %w", err)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Call back to set metadata that can't be set on the upload/update
-//
-// The *drive.File passed in holds the current state of the drive.File
-// and this should update it with any modifications.
-type updateMetadataFn func(context.Context, *drive.File) error
-
-// read the metadata from meta and write it into updateInfo
-//
-// update should be true if this is being used to create metadata for
-// an update/PATCH call as the rules on what can be updated are
-// slightly different there.
-//
-// It returns a callback which should be called to finish the updates
-// after the data is uploaded.
-func (f *Fs) updateMetadata(ctx context.Context, updateInfo *drive.File, meta fs.Metadata, update bool) (callback updateMetadataFn, err error) {
-	callbackFns := []updateMetadataFn{}
-	callback = func(ctx context.Context, info *drive.File) error {
-		for _, fn := range callbackFns {
-			err := fn(ctx, info)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-	// merge metadata into request and user metadata
-	for k, v := range meta {
-		k, v := k, v
-		// parse a boolean from v and write into out
-		parseBool := func(out *bool) error {
-			b, err := strconv.ParseBool(v)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("can't parse metadata %q = %q: %w", k, v, err)
-			}
-			*out = b
-			return nil
-		}
-		switch k {
-		case "copy-requires-writer-permission":
-			if err := parseBool(&updateInfo.CopyRequiresWriterPermission); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-		case "writers-can-share":
-			if err := parseBool(&updateInfo.WritersCanShare); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-		case "viewed-by-me":
-			// Can't write this
-		case "content-type":
-			updateInfo.MimeType = v
-		case "owner":
-			if !f.opt.MetadataOwner.IsSet(rwWrite) {
-				continue
-			}
-			// Can't set Owner on upload so need to set afterwards
-			callbackFns = append(callbackFns, func(ctx context.Context, info *drive.File) error {
-				return f.setOwner(ctx, info, v)
-			})
-		case "permissions":
-			if !f.opt.MetadataPermissions.IsSet(rwWrite) {
-				continue
-			}
-			var perms []*drive.Permission
-			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(v), &perms)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal permissions: %w", err)
-			}
-			// Can't set Permissions on upload so need to set afterwards
-			callbackFns = append(callbackFns, func(ctx context.Context, info *drive.File) error {
-				return f.setPermissions(ctx, info, perms)
-			})
-		case "labels":
-			if !f.opt.MetadataLabels.IsSet(rwWrite) {
-				continue
-			}
-			var labels []*drive.Label
-			err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(v), &labels)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal labels: %w", err)
-			}
-			// Can't set Labels on upload so need to set afterwards
-			callbackFns = append(callbackFns, func(ctx context.Context, info *drive.File) error {
-				return f.setLabels(ctx, info, labels)
-			})
-		case "folder-color-rgb":
-			updateInfo.FolderColorRgb = v
-		case "description":
-			updateInfo.Description = v
-		case "starred":
-			if err := parseBool(&updateInfo.Starred); err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-		case "btime":
-			if update {
-				fs.Debugf(f, "Skipping btime metadata as can't update it on an existing file: %v", v)
-			} else {
-				updateInfo.CreatedTime = v
-			}
-		case "mtime":
-			updateInfo.ModifiedTime = v
-		default:
-			if updateInfo.Properties == nil {
-				updateInfo.Properties = make(map[string]string, 1)
-			}
-			updateInfo.Properties[k] = v
-		}
-	}
-	return callback, nil
-}
-
-// Fetch metadata and update updateInfo if --metadata is in use
-func (f *Fs) fetchAndUpdateMetadata(ctx context.Context, src fs.ObjectInfo, options []fs.OpenOption, updateInfo *drive.File, update bool) (callback updateMetadataFn, err error) {
-	meta, err := fs.GetMetadataOptions(ctx, f, src, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read metadata from source object: %w", err)
-	}
-	callback, err = f.updateMetadata(ctx, updateInfo, meta, update)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to update metadata from source object: %w", err)
-	}
-	return callback, nil
-}
--- a/backend/dropbox/batcher.go
+++ b/backend/dropbox/batcher.go
@@ -8,19 +8,121 @@ package dropbox

 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/dropbox/dropbox-sdk-go-unofficial/v6/dropbox/files"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/atexit"
 )

+const (
+	maxBatchSize          = 1000                   // max size the batch can be
+	defaultTimeoutSync    = 500 * time.Millisecond // kick off the batch if nothing added for this long (sync)
+	defaultTimeoutAsync   = 10 * time.Second       // kick off the batch if nothing added for this long (ssync)
+	defaultBatchSizeAsync = 100                    // default batch size if async
+)
+
+// batcher holds info about the current items waiting for upload
+type batcher struct {
+	f        *Fs                 // Fs this batch is part of
+	mode     string              // configured batch mode
+	size     int                 // maximum size for batch
+	timeout  time.Duration       // idle timeout for batch
+	async    bool                // whether we are using async batching
+	in       chan batcherRequest // incoming items to batch
+	closed   chan struct{}       // close to indicate batcher shut down
+	atexit   atexit.FnHandle     // atexit handle
+	shutOnce sync.Once           // make sure we shutdown once only
+	wg       sync.WaitGroup      // wait for shutdown
+}
+
+// batcherRequest holds an incoming request with a place for a reply
+type batcherRequest struct {
+	commitInfo *files.UploadSessionFinishArg
+	result     chan<- batcherResponse
+}
+
+// Return true if batcherRequest is the quit request
+func (br *batcherRequest) isQuit() bool {
+	return br.commitInfo == nil
+}
+
+// Send this to get the engine to quit
+var quitRequest = batcherRequest{}
+
+// batcherResponse holds a response to be delivered to clients waiting
+// for a batch to complete.
+type batcherResponse struct {
+	err   error
+	entry *files.FileMetadata
+}
+
+// newBatcher creates a new batcher structure
+func newBatcher(ctx context.Context, f *Fs, mode string, size int, timeout time.Duration) (*batcher, error) {
+	// fs.Debugf(f, "Creating batcher with mode %q, size %d, timeout %v", mode, size, timeout)
+	if size > maxBatchSize || size < 0 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dropbox: batch size must be < %d and >= 0 - it is currently %d", maxBatchSize, size)
+	}
+
+	async := false
+
+	switch mode {
+	case "sync":
+		if size <= 0 {
+			ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
+			size = ci.Transfers
+		}
+		if timeout <= 0 {
+			timeout = defaultTimeoutSync
+		}
+	case "async":
+		if size <= 0 {
+			size = defaultBatchSizeAsync
+		}
+		if timeout <= 0 {
+			timeout = defaultTimeoutAsync
+		}
+		async = true
+	case "off":
+		size = 0
+	default:
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dropbox: batch mode must be sync|async|off not %q", mode)
+	}
+
+	b := &batcher{
+		f:       f,
+		mode:    mode,
+		size:    size,
+		timeout: timeout,
+		async:   async,
+		in:      make(chan batcherRequest, size),
+		closed:  make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+	if b.Batching() {
+		b.atexit = atexit.Register(b.Shutdown)
+		b.wg.Add(1)
+		go b.commitLoop(context.Background())
+	}
+	return b, nil
+
+}
+
+// Batching returns true if batching is active
+func (b *batcher) Batching() bool {
+	return b.size > 0
+}
+
 // finishBatch commits the batch, returning a batch status to poll or maybe complete
-func (f *Fs) finishBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg) (complete *files.UploadSessionFinishBatchResult, err error) {
+func (b *batcher) finishBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg) (complete *files.UploadSessionFinishBatchResult, err error) {
 	var arg = &files.UploadSessionFinishBatchArg{
 		Entries: items,
 	}
-	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		complete, err = f.srv.UploadSessionFinishBatchV2(arg)
+	err = b.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		complete, err = b.f.srv.UploadSessionFinishBatchV2(arg)
 		// If error is insufficient space then don't retry
 		if e, ok := err.(files.UploadSessionFinishAPIError); ok {
 			if e.EndpointError != nil && e.EndpointError.Path != nil && e.EndpointError.Path.Tag == files.WriteErrorInsufficientSpace {
@@ -37,10 +139,23 @@ func (f *Fs) finishBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinish
 	return complete, nil
 }

-// Called by the batcher to commit a batch
-func (f *Fs) commitBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg, results []*files.FileMetadata, errors []error) (err error) {
+// commit a batch
+func (b *batcher) commitBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg, results []chan<- batcherResponse) (err error) {
+	// If commit fails then signal clients if sync
+	var signalled = b.async
+	defer func() {
+		if err != nil && !signalled {
+			// Signal to clients that there was an error
+			for _, result := range results {
+				result <- batcherResponse{err: err}
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+	desc := fmt.Sprintf("%s batch length %d starting with: %s", b.mode, len(items), items[0].Commit.Path)
+	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Committing %s", desc)
+
 	// finalise the batch getting either a result or a job id to poll
-	complete, err := f.finishBatch(ctx, items)
+	complete, err := b.finishBatch(ctx, items)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -51,13 +166,19 @@ func (f *Fs) commitBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinish
 		return fmt.Errorf("expecting %d items in batch but got %d", len(results), len(entries))
 	}

-	// Format results for return
+	// Report results to clients
+	var (
+		errorTag   = ""
+		errorCount = 0
+	)
 	for i := range results {
 		item := entries[i]
+		resp := batcherResponse{}
 		if item.Tag == "success" {
-			results[i] = item.Success
+			resp.entry = item.Success
 		} else {
-			errorTag := item.Tag
+			errorCount++
+			errorTag = item.Tag
 			if item.Failure != nil {
 				errorTag = item.Failure.Tag
 				if item.Failure.LookupFailed != nil {
@@ -70,9 +191,112 @@ func (f *Fs) commitBatch(ctx context.Context, items []*files.UploadSessionFinish
 					errorTag += "/" + item.Failure.PropertiesError.Tag
 				}
 			}
-			errors[i] = fmt.Errorf("upload failed: %s", errorTag)
+			resp.err = fmt.Errorf("batch upload failed: %s", errorTag)
+		}
+		if !b.async {
+			results[i] <- resp
 		}
 	}
+	// Show signalled so no need to report error to clients from now on
+	signalled = true

+	// Report an error if any failed in the batch
+	if errorTag != "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("batch had %d errors: last error: %s", errorCount, errorTag)
+	}
+
+	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Committed %s", desc)
 	return nil
 }
+
+// commitLoop runs the commit engine in the background
+func (b *batcher) commitLoop(ctx context.Context) {
+	var (
+		items     []*files.UploadSessionFinishArg // current batch of uncommitted files
+		results   []chan<- batcherResponse        // current batch of clients awaiting results
+		idleTimer = time.NewTimer(b.timeout)
+		commit    = func() {
+			err := b.commitBatch(ctx, items, results)
+			if err != nil {
+				fs.Errorf(b.f, "%s batch commit: failed to commit batch length %d: %v", b.mode, len(items), err)
+			}
+			items, results = nil, nil
+		}
+	)
+	defer b.wg.Done()
+	defer idleTimer.Stop()
+	idleTimer.Stop()
+
+outer:
+	for {
+		select {
+		case req := <-b.in:
+			if req.isQuit() {
+				break outer
+			}
+			items = append(items, req.commitInfo)
+			results = append(results, req.result)
+			idleTimer.Stop()
+			if len(items) >= b.size {
+				commit()
+			} else {
+				idleTimer.Reset(b.timeout)
+			}
+		case <-idleTimer.C:
+			if len(items) > 0 {
+				fs.Debugf(b.f, "Batch idle for %v so committing", b.timeout)
+				commit()
+			}
+		}
+
+	}
+	// commit any remaining items
+	if len(items) > 0 {
+		commit()
+	}
+}
+
+// Shutdown finishes any pending batches then shuts everything down
+//
+// Can be called from atexit handler
+func (b *batcher) Shutdown() {
+	if !b.Batching() {
+		return
+	}
+	b.shutOnce.Do(func() {
+		atexit.Unregister(b.atexit)
+		fs.Infof(b.f, "Committing uploads - please wait...")
+		// show that batcher is shutting down
+		close(b.closed)
+		// quit the commitLoop by sending a quitRequest message
+		//
+		// Note that we don't close b.in because that will
+		// cause write to closed channel in Commit when we are
+		// exiting due to a signal.
+		b.in <- quitRequest
+		b.wg.Wait()
+	})
+}
+
+// Commit commits the file using a batch call, first adding it to the
+// batch and then waiting for the batch to complete in a synchronous
+// way if async is not set.
+func (b *batcher) Commit(ctx context.Context, commitInfo *files.UploadSessionFinishArg) (entry *files.FileMetadata, err error) {
+	select {
+	case <-b.closed:
+		return nil, fserrors.FatalError(errors.New("batcher is shutting down"))
+	default:
+	}
+	fs.Debugf(b.f, "Adding %q to batch", commitInfo.Commit.Path)
+	resp := make(chan batcherResponse, 1)
+	b.in <- batcherRequest{
+		commitInfo: commitInfo,
+		result:     resp,
+	}
+	// If running async then don't wait for the result
+	if b.async {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	result := <-resp
+	return result.entry, result.err
+}
--- a/backend/dropbox/dropbox.go
+++ b/backend/dropbox/dropbox.go
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/obscure"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/batcher"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/oauthutil"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pacer"
@@ -122,14 +121,6 @@ var (

 	// Errors
 	errNotSupportedInSharedMode = fserrors.NoRetryError(errors.New("not supported in shared files mode"))
-
-	// Configure the batcher
-	defaultBatcherOptions = batcher.Options{
-		MaxBatchSize:          1000,
-		DefaultTimeoutSync:    500 * time.Millisecond,
-		DefaultTimeoutAsync:   10 * time.Second,
-		DefaultBatchSizeAsync: 100,
-	}
 )

 // Gets an oauth config with the right scopes
@@ -161,7 +152,7 @@ func init() {
 				},
 			})
 		},
-		Options: append(append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
+		Options: append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
 			Name: "chunk_size",
 			Help: fmt.Sprintf(`Upload chunk size (< %v).

@@ -219,6 +210,68 @@ Note that we don't unmount the shared folder afterwards so the
 shared folder.`,
 			Default:  false,
 			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name: "batch_mode",
+			Help: `Upload file batching sync|async|off.
+
+This sets the batch mode used by rclone.
+
+For full info see [the main docs](https://rclone.org/dropbox/#batch-mode)
+
+This has 3 possible values
+
+- off - no batching
+- sync - batch uploads and check completion (default)
+- async - batch upload and don't check completion
+
+Rclone will close any outstanding batches when it exits which may make
+a delay on quit.
+`,
+			Default:  "sync",
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name: "batch_size",
+			Help: `Max number of files in upload batch.
+
+This sets the batch size of files to upload. It has to be less than 1000.
+
+By default this is 0 which means rclone which calculate the batch size
+depending on the setting of batch_mode.
+
+- batch_mode: async - default batch_size is 100
+- batch_mode: sync - default batch_size is the same as --transfers
+- batch_mode: off - not in use
+
+Rclone will close any outstanding batches when it exits which may make
+a delay on quit.
+
+Setting this is a great idea if you are uploading lots of small files
+as it will make them a lot quicker. You can use --transfers 32 to
+maximise throughput.
+`,
+			Default:  0,
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name: "batch_timeout",
+			Help: `Max time to allow an idle upload batch before uploading.
+
+If an upload batch is idle for more than this long then it will be
+uploaded.
+
+The default for this is 0 which means rclone will choose a sensible
+default based on the batch_mode in use.
+
+- batch_mode: async - default batch_timeout is 10s
+- batch_mode: sync - default batch_timeout is 500ms
+- batch_mode: off - not in use
+`,
+			Default:  fs.Duration(0),
+			Advanced: true,
+		}, {
+			Name:     "batch_commit_timeout",
+			Help:     `Max time to wait for a batch to finish committing`,
+			Default:  fs.Duration(10 * time.Minute),
+			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     "pacer_min_sleep",
 			Default:  defaultMinSleep,
@@ -237,22 +290,23 @@ shared folder.`,
 				encoder.EncodeDel |
 				encoder.EncodeRightSpace |
 				encoder.EncodeInvalidUtf8,
-		}}...), defaultBatcherOptions.FsOptions("For full info see [the main docs](https://rclone.org/dropbox/#batch-mode)\n\n")...),
+		}}...),
 	})
 }

 // Options defines the configuration for this backend
 type Options struct {
-	ChunkSize     fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"chunk_size"`
-	Impersonate   string               `config:"impersonate"`
-	SharedFiles   bool                 `config:"shared_files"`
-	SharedFolders bool                 `config:"shared_folders"`
-	BatchMode     string               `config:"batch_mode"`
-	BatchSize     int                  `config:"batch_size"`
-	BatchTimeout  fs.Duration          `config:"batch_timeout"`
-	AsyncBatch    bool                 `config:"async_batch"`
-	PacerMinSleep fs.Duration          `config:"pacer_min_sleep"`
-	Enc           encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
+	ChunkSize          fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"chunk_size"`
+	Impersonate        string               `config:"impersonate"`
+	SharedFiles        bool                 `config:"shared_files"`
+	SharedFolders      bool                 `config:"shared_folders"`
+	BatchMode          string               `config:"batch_mode"`
+	BatchSize          int                  `config:"batch_size"`
+	BatchTimeout       fs.Duration          `config:"batch_timeout"`
+	BatchCommitTimeout fs.Duration          `config:"batch_commit_timeout"`
+	AsyncBatch         bool                 `config:"async_batch"`
+	PacerMinSleep      fs.Duration          `config:"pacer_min_sleep"`
+	Enc                encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
 }

 // Fs represents a remote dropbox server
@@ -271,7 +325,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	slashRootSlash string         // root with "/" prefix and postfix, lowercase
 	pacer          *fs.Pacer      // To pace the API calls
 	ns             string         // The namespace we are using or "" for none
-	batcher        *batcher.Batcher[*files.UploadSessionFinishArg, *files.FileMetadata]
+	batcher        *batcher       // batch builder
 }

 // Object describes a dropbox object
@@ -397,11 +451,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		ci:    ci,
 		pacer: fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(opt.PacerMinSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep), pacer.DecayConstant(decayConstant))),
 	}
-	batcherOptions := defaultBatcherOptions
-	batcherOptions.Mode = f.opt.BatchMode
-	batcherOptions.Size = f.opt.BatchSize
-	batcherOptions.Timeout = time.Duration(f.opt.BatchTimeout)
-	f.batcher, err = batcher.New(ctx, f, f.commitBatch, batcherOptions)
+	f.batcher, err = newBatcher(ctx, f, f.opt.BatchMode, f.opt.BatchSize, time.Duration(f.opt.BatchTimeout))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -946,7 +996,6 @@ func (f *Fs) purgeCheck(ctx context.Context, dir string, check bool) (err error)
 	if root == "/" {
 		return errors.New("can't remove root directory")
 	}
-	encRoot := f.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(root)

 	if check {
 		// check directory exists
@@ -955,9 +1004,10 @@ func (f *Fs) purgeCheck(ctx context.Context, dir string, check bool) (err error)
 			return fmt.Errorf("Rmdir: %w", err)
 		}

+		root = f.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(root)
 		// check directory empty
 		arg := files.ListFolderArg{
-			Path:      encRoot,
+			Path:      root,
 			Recursive: false,
 		}
 		if root == "/" {
@@ -978,7 +1028,7 @@ func (f *Fs) purgeCheck(ctx context.Context, dir string, check bool) (err error)

 	// remove it
 	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		_, err = f.srv.DeleteV2(&files.DeleteArg{Path: encRoot})
+		_, err = f.srv.DeleteV2(&files.DeleteArg{Path: root})
 		return shouldRetry(ctx, err)
 	})
 	return err
@@ -1231,21 +1281,18 @@ func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (usage *fs.Usage, err error) {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	var total uint64
-	var used = q.Used
 	if q.Allocation != nil {
 		if q.Allocation.Individual != nil {
 			total += q.Allocation.Individual.Allocated
 		}
 		if q.Allocation.Team != nil {
 			total += q.Allocation.Team.Allocated
-			// Override used with Team.Used as this includes q.Used already
-			used = q.Allocation.Team.Used
 		}
 	}
 	usage = &fs.Usage{
-		Total: fs.NewUsageValue(int64(total)),        // quota of bytes that can be used
-		Used:  fs.NewUsageValue(int64(used)),         // bytes in use
-		Free:  fs.NewUsageValue(int64(total - used)), // bytes which can be uploaded before reaching the quota
+		Total: fs.NewUsageValue(int64(total)),          // quota of bytes that can be used
+		Used:  fs.NewUsageValue(int64(q.Used)),         // bytes in use
+		Free:  fs.NewUsageValue(int64(total - q.Used)), // bytes which can be uploaded before reaching the quota
 	}
 	return usage, nil
 }
@@ -1675,7 +1722,7 @@ func (o *Object) uploadChunked(ctx context.Context, in0 io.Reader, commitInfo *f
 	// If we are batching then we should have written all the data now
 	// store the commit info now for a batch commit
 	if o.fs.batcher.Batching() {
-		return o.fs.batcher.Commit(ctx, o.remote, args)
+		return o.fs.batcher.Commit(ctx, args)
 	}

 	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
--- a/backend/fichier/api.go
+++ b/backend/fichier/api.go
@@ -28,14 +28,14 @@ var retryErrorCodes = []int{
 	509, // Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
 }

-var errorRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`#(\d{1,3})`)
+var errorRegex = regexp.MustCompile(`#\d{1,3}`)

 func parseFichierError(err error) int {
 	matches := errorRegex.FindStringSubmatch(err.Error())
 	if len(matches) == 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
-	code, err := strconv.Atoi(matches[1])
+	code, err := strconv.Atoi(matches[0])
 	if err != nil {
 		fs.Debugf(nil, "failed parsing fichier error: %v", err)
 		return 0
--- a/backend/filefabric/filefabric.go
+++ b/backend/filefabric/filefabric.go
@@ -158,9 +158,9 @@ type Fs struct {
 	tokenMu         sync.Mutex         // hold when reading the token
 	token           string             // current access token
 	tokenExpiry     time.Time          // time the current token expires
-	tokenExpired    atomic.Int32
-	canCopyWithName bool          // set if detected that can use fi_name in copy
-	precision       time.Duration // precision reported
+	tokenExpired    int32              // read and written with atomic
+	canCopyWithName bool               // set if detected that can use fi_name in copy
+	precision       time.Duration      // precision reported
 }

 // Object describes a filefabric object
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ func (f *Fs) shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, err error, st
 		err = status // return the error from the RPC
 		code := status.GetCode()
 		if code == "login_token_expired" {
-			f.tokenExpired.Add(1)
+			atomic.AddInt32(&f.tokenExpired, 1)
 		} else {
 			for _, retryCode := range retryStatusCodes {
 				if code == retryCode.code {
@@ -323,12 +323,12 @@ func (f *Fs) getToken(ctx context.Context) (token string, err error) {
 	var refreshed = false
 	defer func() {
 		if refreshed {
-			f.tokenExpired.Store(0)
+			atomic.StoreInt32(&f.tokenExpired, 0)
 		}
 		f.tokenMu.Unlock()
 	}()

-	expired := f.tokenExpired.Load() != 0
+	expired := atomic.LoadInt32(&f.tokenExpired) != 0
 	if expired {
 		fs.Debugf(f, "Token invalid - refreshing")
 	}
--- a/backend/ftp/ftp.go
+++ b/backend/ftp/ftp.go
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/jlaffaye/ftp"
+	"github.com/rclone/ftp"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
@@ -249,6 +249,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	pool     []*ftp.ServerConn
 	drain    *time.Timer // used to drain the pool when we stop using the connections
 	tokens   *pacer.TokenDispenser
+	tlsConf  *tls.Config
 	pacer    *fs.Pacer // pacer for FTP connections
 	fGetTime bool      // true if the ftp library accepts GetTime
 	fSetTime bool      // true if the ftp library accepts SetTime
@@ -361,36 +362,10 @@ func shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, err error) (bool, error) {
 	return fserrors.ShouldRetry(err), err
 }

-// Get a TLS config with a unique session cache.
-//
-// We can't share session caches between connections.
-//
-// See: https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/7234
-func (f *Fs) tlsConfig() *tls.Config {
-	var tlsConfig *tls.Config
-	if f.opt.TLS || f.opt.ExplicitTLS {
-		tlsConfig = &tls.Config{
-			ServerName:         f.opt.Host,
-			InsecureSkipVerify: f.opt.SkipVerifyTLSCert,
-		}
-		if f.opt.TLSCacheSize > 0 {
-			tlsConfig.ClientSessionCache = tls.NewLRUClientSessionCache(f.opt.TLSCacheSize)
-		}
-		if f.opt.DisableTLS13 {
-			tlsConfig.MaxVersion = tls.VersionTLS12
-		}
-	}
-	return tlsConfig
-}
-
 // Open a new connection to the FTP server.
 func (f *Fs) ftpConnection(ctx context.Context) (c *ftp.ServerConn, err error) {
 	fs.Debugf(f, "Connecting to FTP server")

-	// tls.Config for this connection only. Will be used for data
-	// and control connections.
-	tlsConfig := f.tlsConfig()
-
 	// Make ftp library dial with fshttp dialer optionally using TLS
 	initialConnection := true
 	dial := func(network, address string) (conn net.Conn, err error) {
@@ -408,7 +383,7 @@ func (f *Fs) ftpConnection(ctx context.Context) (c *ftp.ServerConn, err error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		// Connect using cleartext only for non TLS
-		if tlsConfig == nil {
+		if f.tlsConf == nil {
 			return conn, nil
 		}
 		// Initial connection only needs to be cleartext for explicit TLS
@@ -417,7 +392,7 @@ func (f *Fs) ftpConnection(ctx context.Context) (c *ftp.ServerConn, err error) {
 			return conn, nil
 		}
 		// Upgrade connection to TLS
-		tlsConn := tls.Client(conn, tlsConfig)
+		tlsConn := tls.Client(conn, f.tlsConf)
 		// Do the initial handshake - tls.Client doesn't do it for us
 		// If we do this then connections to proftpd/pureftpd lock up
 		// See: https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/6426
@@ -439,9 +414,9 @@ func (f *Fs) ftpConnection(ctx context.Context) (c *ftp.ServerConn, err error) {
 	if f.opt.TLS {
 		// Our dialer takes care of TLS but ftp library also needs tlsConf
 		// as a trigger for sending PSBZ and PROT options to server.
-		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithTLS(tlsConfig))
+		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithTLS(f.tlsConf))
 	} else if f.opt.ExplicitTLS {
-		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithExplicitTLS(tlsConfig))
+		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithExplicitTLS(f.tlsConf))
 	}
 	if f.opt.DisableEPSV {
 		ftpConfig = append(ftpConfig, ftp.DialWithDisabledEPSV(true))
@@ -596,6 +571,19 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (ff fs.Fs
 	if opt.TLS && opt.ExplicitTLS {
 		return nil, errors.New("implicit TLS and explicit TLS are mutually incompatible, please revise your config")
 	}
+	var tlsConfig *tls.Config
+	if opt.TLS || opt.ExplicitTLS {
+		tlsConfig = &tls.Config{
+			ServerName:         opt.Host,
+			InsecureSkipVerify: opt.SkipVerifyTLSCert,
+		}
+		if opt.TLSCacheSize > 0 {
+			tlsConfig.ClientSessionCache = tls.NewLRUClientSessionCache(opt.TLSCacheSize)
+		}
+		if opt.DisableTLS13 {
+			tlsConfig.MaxVersion = tls.VersionTLS12
+		}
+	}
 	u := protocol + path.Join(dialAddr+"/", root)
 	ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
 	f := &Fs{
@@ -608,6 +596,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (ff fs.Fs
 		pass:     pass,
 		dialAddr: dialAddr,
 		tokens:   pacer.NewTokenDispenser(opt.Concurrency),
+		tlsConf:  tlsConfig,
 		pacer:    fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep), pacer.DecayConstant(decayConstant))),
 	}
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
--- a/backend/googlecloudstorage/googlecloudstorage.go
+++ b/backend/googlecloudstorage/googlecloudstorage.go
@@ -1310,11 +1310,10 @@ func (o *Object) Storable() bool {

 // Open an object for read
 func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.ReadCloser, err error) {
-	url := o.url
 	if o.fs.opt.UserProject != "" {
-		url += "&userProject=" + o.fs.opt.UserProject
+		o.url = o.url + "&userProject=" + o.fs.opt.UserProject
 	}
-	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", url, nil)
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", o.url, nil)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
--- a/backend/googlephotos/googlephotos.go
+++ b/backend/googlephotos/googlephotos.go
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fshttp"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/log"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/batcher"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/oauthutil"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pacer"
@@ -72,14 +71,6 @@ var (
 		ClientSecret: obscure.MustReveal(rcloneEncryptedClientSecret),
 		RedirectURL:  oauthutil.RedirectURL,
 	}
-
-	// Configure the batcher
-	defaultBatcherOptions = batcher.Options{
-		MaxBatchSize:          50,
-		DefaultTimeoutSync:    1000 * time.Millisecond,
-		DefaultTimeoutAsync:   10 * time.Second,
-		DefaultBatchSizeAsync: 50,
-	}
 )

 // Register with Fs
@@ -120,7 +111,7 @@ will count towards storage in your Google Account.`)
 			}
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown state %q", config.State)
 		},
-		Options: append(append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
+		Options: append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
 			Name:    "read_only",
 			Default: false,
 			Help: `Set to make the Google Photos backend read only.
@@ -167,7 +158,7 @@ listings and won't be transferred.`,
 			Default: (encoder.Base |
 				encoder.EncodeCrLf |
 				encoder.EncodeInvalidUtf8),
-		}}...), defaultBatcherOptions.FsOptions("")...),
+		}}...),
 	})
 }

@@ -178,9 +169,6 @@ type Options struct {
 	StartYear       int                  `config:"start_year"`
 	IncludeArchived bool                 `config:"include_archived"`
 	Enc             encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
-	BatchMode       string               `config:"batch_mode"`
-	BatchSize       int                  `config:"batch_size"`
-	BatchTimeout    fs.Duration          `config:"batch_timeout"`
 }

 // Fs represents a remote storage server
@@ -199,7 +187,6 @@ type Fs struct {
 	uploadedMu sync.Mutex             // to protect the below
 	uploaded   dirtree.DirTree        // record of uploaded items
 	createMu   sync.Mutex             // held when creating albums to prevent dupes
-	batcher    *batcher.Batcher[uploadedItem, *api.MediaItem]
 }

 // Object describes a storage object
@@ -325,14 +312,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		albums:    map[bool]*albums{},
 		uploaded:  dirtree.New(),
 	}
-	batcherOptions := defaultBatcherOptions
-	batcherOptions.Mode = f.opt.BatchMode
-	batcherOptions.Size = f.opt.BatchSize
-	batcherOptions.Timeout = time.Duration(f.opt.BatchTimeout)
-	f.batcher, err = batcher.New(ctx, f, f.commitBatch, batcherOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
 		ReadMimeType: true,
 	}).Fill(ctx, f)
@@ -802,13 +781,6 @@ func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set {
 	return hash.Set(hash.None)
 }

-// Shutdown the backend, closing any background tasks and any
-// cached connections.
-func (f *Fs) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
-	f.batcher.Shutdown()
-	return nil
-}
-
 // ------------------------------------------------------------

 // Fs returns the parent Fs
@@ -989,82 +961,6 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 	return resp.Body, err
 }

-// input to the batcher
-type uploadedItem struct {
-	AlbumID     string // desired album
-	UploadToken string // upload ID
-}
-
-// Commit a batch of items to albumID returning the errors in errors
-func (f *Fs) commitBatchAlbumID(ctx context.Context, items []uploadedItem, results []*api.MediaItem, errors []error, albumID string) {
-	// Create the media item from an UploadToken, optionally adding to an album
-	opts := rest.Opts{
-		Method: "POST",
-		Path:   "/mediaItems:batchCreate",
-	}
-	var request = api.BatchCreateRequest{
-		AlbumID: albumID,
-	}
-	itemsInBatch := 0
-	for i := range items {
-		if items[i].AlbumID == albumID {
-			request.NewMediaItems = append(request.NewMediaItems, api.NewMediaItem{
-				SimpleMediaItem: api.SimpleMediaItem{
-					UploadToken: items[i].UploadToken,
-				},
-			})
-			itemsInBatch++
-		}
-	}
-	var result api.BatchCreateResponse
-	var resp *http.Response
-	var err error
-	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, request, &result)
-		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("failed to create media item: %w", err)
-	}
-	if err == nil && len(result.NewMediaItemResults) != itemsInBatch {
-		err = fmt.Errorf("bad response to BatchCreate expecting %d items but got %d", itemsInBatch, len(result.NewMediaItemResults))
-	}
-	j := 0
-	for i := range items {
-		if items[i].AlbumID == albumID {
-			if err == nil {
-				media := &result.NewMediaItemResults[j]
-				if media.Status.Code != 0 {
-					errors[i] = fmt.Errorf("upload failed: %s (%d)", media.Status.Message, media.Status.Code)
-				} else {
-					results[i] = &media.MediaItem
-				}
-			} else {
-				errors[i] = err
-			}
-			j++
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-// Called by the batcher to commit a batch
-func (f *Fs) commitBatch(ctx context.Context, items []uploadedItem, results []*api.MediaItem, errors []error) (err error) {
-	// Discover all the AlbumIDs as we have to upload these separately
-	//
-	// Should maybe have one batcher per AlbumID
-	albumIDs := map[string]struct{}{}
-	for i := range items {
-		albumIDs[items[i].AlbumID] = struct{}{}
-	}
-
-	// batch the albums
-	for albumID := range albumIDs {
-		// errors returned in errors
-		f.commitBatchAlbumID(ctx, items, results, errors, albumID)
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 // Update the object with the contents of the io.Reader, modTime and size
 //
 // The new object may have been created if an error is returned
@@ -1125,29 +1021,37 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		return errors.New("empty upload token")
 	}

-	uploaded := uploadedItem{
-		AlbumID:     albumID,
-		UploadToken: uploadToken,
+	// Create the media item from an UploadToken, optionally adding to an album
+	opts = rest.Opts{
+		Method: "POST",
+		Path:   "/mediaItems:batchCreate",
 	}
-
-	// Save the upload into an album
-	var info *api.MediaItem
-	if o.fs.batcher.Batching() {
-		info, err = o.fs.batcher.Commit(ctx, o.remote, uploaded)
-	} else {
-		errors := make([]error, 1)
-		results := make([]*api.MediaItem, 1)
-		err = o.fs.commitBatch(ctx, []uploadedItem{uploaded}, results, errors)
-		if err != nil {
-			err = errors[0]
-			info = results[0]
-		}
+	var request = api.BatchCreateRequest{
+		AlbumID: albumID,
+		NewMediaItems: []api.NewMediaItem{
+			{
+				SimpleMediaItem: api.SimpleMediaItem{
+					UploadToken: uploadToken,
+				},
+			},
+		},
 	}
+	var result api.BatchCreateResponse
+	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+		resp, err = o.fs.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, request, &result)
+		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
+	})
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to commit batch: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create media item: %w", err)
 	}
-
-	o.setMetaData(info)
+	if len(result.NewMediaItemResults) != 1 {
+		return errors.New("bad response to BatchCreate wrong number of items")
+	}
+	mediaItemResult := result.NewMediaItemResults[0]
+	if mediaItemResult.Status.Code != 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("upload failed: %s (%d)", mediaItemResult.Status.Message, mediaItemResult.Status.Code)
+	}
+	o.setMetaData(&mediaItemResult.MediaItem)

 	// Add upload to internal storage
 	if pattern.isUpload {
--- a/backend/hasher/commands.go
+++ b/backend/hasher/commands.go
@@ -80,14 +80,6 @@ func (f *Fs) dbDump(ctx context.Context, full bool, root string) error {
 		}
 		root = fspath.JoinRootPath(remoteFs.Root(), f.Root())
 	}
-	if f.db == nil {
-		if f.opt.MaxAge == 0 {
-			fs.Errorf(f, "db not found. (disabled with max_age = 0)")
-		} else {
-			fs.Errorf(f, "db not found.")
-		}
-		return kv.ErrInactive
-	}
 	op := &kvDump{
 		full: full,
 		root: root,
--- a/backend/hasher/hasher.go
+++ b/backend/hasher/hasher.go
@@ -114,13 +114,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, fsname, rpath string, cmap configmap.Mapper) (fs
 		root: rpath,
 		opt:  opt,
 	}
-	// Correct root if definitely pointing to a file
-	if err == fs.ErrorIsFile {
-		f.root = path.Dir(f.root)
-		if f.root == "." || f.root == "/" {
-			f.root = ""
-		}
-	}
 	baseFeatures := baseFs.Features()
 	f.fpTime = baseFs.Precision() != fs.ModTimeNotSupported

@@ -418,9 +411,7 @@ func (f *Fs) DirMove(ctx context.Context, src fs.Fs, srcRemote, dstRemote string

 // Shutdown the backend, closing any background tasks and any cached connections.
 func (f *Fs) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
-	if f.db != nil {
-		err = f.db.Stop(false)
-	}
+	err = f.db.Stop(false)
 	if do := f.Fs.Features().Shutdown; do != nil {
 		if err2 := do(ctx); err2 != nil {
 			err = err2
--- a/backend/hasher/hasher_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/hasher/hasher_internal_test.go
@@ -60,11 +60,9 @@ func (f *Fs) testUploadFromCrypt(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotNil(t, dst)

 	// check that hash was created
-	if f.opt.MaxAge > 0 {
-		hash, err = f.getRawHash(ctx, hashType, fileName, anyFingerprint, longTime)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		assert.NotEmpty(t, hash)
-	}
+	hash, err = f.getRawHash(ctx, hashType, fileName, anyFingerprint, longTime)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, hash)
 	//t.Logf("hash is %q", hash)
 	_ = operations.Purge(ctx, f, dirName)
 }
--- a/backend/hasher/hasher_test.go
+++ b/backend/hasher/hasher_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 		NilObject:  (*hasher.Object)(nil),
 		UnimplementableFsMethods: []string{
 			"OpenWriterAt",
-			"OpenChunkWriter",
 		},
 		UnimplementableObjectMethods: []string{},
 	}
@@ -37,9 +36,4 @@ func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
 		opt.QuickTestOK = true
 	}
 	fstests.Run(t, &opt)
-	// test again with MaxAge = 0
-	if *fstest.RemoteName == "" {
-		opt.ExtraConfig = append(opt.ExtraConfig, fstests.ExtraConfigItem{Name: "TestHasher", Key: "max_age", Value: "0"})
-		fstests.Run(t, &opt)
-	}
 }
--- a/backend/hdfs/fs.go
+++ b/backend/hdfs/fs.go
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configstruct"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pacer"
 )

 // Fs represents a HDFS server
@@ -32,15 +31,8 @@ type Fs struct {
 	opt      Options        // options for this backend
 	ci       *fs.ConfigInfo // global config
 	client   *hdfs.Client
-	pacer    *fs.Pacer // pacer for API calls
 }

-const (
-	minSleep      = 20 * time.Millisecond
-	maxSleep      = 10 * time.Second
-	decayConstant = 2 // bigger for slower decay, exponential
-)
-
 // copy-paste from https://github.com/colinmarc/hdfs/blob/master/cmd/hdfs/kerberos.go
 func getKerberosClient() (*krb.Client, error) {
 	configPath := os.Getenv("KRB5_CONFIG")
@@ -93,7 +85,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	}

 	options := hdfs.ClientOptions{
-		Addresses:           opt.Namenode,
+		Addresses:           []string{opt.Namenode},
 		UseDatanodeHostname: false,
 	}

@@ -122,7 +114,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		opt:    *opt,
 		ci:     fs.GetConfig(ctx),
 		client: client,
-		pacer:  fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep), pacer.DecayConstant(decayConstant))),
 	}

 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
--- a/backend/hdfs/hdfs.go
+++ b/backend/hdfs/hdfs.go
@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@ func init() {
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:      "namenode",
-			Help:      "Hadoop name nodes and ports.\n\nE.g. \"namenode-1:8020,namenode-2:8020,...\" to connect to host namenodes at port 8020.",
+			Help:      "Hadoop name node and port.\n\nE.g. \"namenode:8020\" to connect to host namenode at port 8020.",
 			Required:  true,
 			Sensitive: true,
-			Default:   fs.CommaSepList{},
 		}, {
 			Name: "username",
 			Help: "Hadoop user name.",
@@ -66,7 +65,7 @@ and 'privacy'. Used only with KERBEROS enabled.`,

 // Options for this backend
 type Options struct {
-	Namenode               fs.CommaSepList      `config:"namenode"`
+	Namenode               string               `config:"namenode"`
 	Username               string               `config:"username"`
 	ServicePrincipalName   string               `config:"service_principal_name"`
 	DataTransferProtection string               `config:"data_transfer_protection"`
--- a/backend/hdfs/object.go
+++ b/backend/hdfs/object.go
@@ -5,12 +5,10 @@ package hdfs

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"path"
 	"time"

-	"github.com/colinmarc/hdfs/v2"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/readers"
@@ -108,7 +106,7 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read

 // Update object
 func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) error {
-	realpath := o.fs.realpath(o.remote)
+	realpath := o.fs.realpath(src.Remote())
 	dirname := path.Dir(realpath)
 	fs.Debugf(o.fs, "update [%s]", realpath)

@@ -143,23 +141,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		return err
 	}

-	// If the datanodes have acknowledged all writes but not yet
-	// to the namenode, FileWriter.Close can return ErrReplicating
-	// (wrapped in an os.PathError). This indicates that all data
-	// has been written, but the lease is still open for the file.
-	//
-	// It is safe in this case to either ignore the error (and let
-	// the lease expire on its own) or to call Close multiple
-	// times until it completes without an error. The Java client,
-	// for context, always chooses to retry, with exponential
-	// backoff.
-	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		err := out.Close()
-		if err == nil {
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		return errors.Is(err, hdfs.ErrReplicating), err
-	})
+	err = out.Close()
 	if err != nil {
 		cleanup()
 		return err
--- a/backend/http/http.go
+++ b/backend/http/http.go
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ func init() {
 		Name:        "http",
 		Description: "HTTP",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
-		CommandHelp: commandHelp,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "url",
 			Help:     "URL of HTTP host to connect to.\n\nE.g. \"https://example.com\", or \"https://user:pass@example.com\" to use a username and password.",
@@ -211,42 +210,6 @@ func getFsEndpoint(ctx context.Context, client *http.Client, url string, opt *Op
 	return createFileResult()
 }

-// Make the http connection with opt
-func (f *Fs) httpConnection(ctx context.Context, opt *Options) (isFile bool, err error) {
-	if len(opt.Headers)%2 != 0 {
-		return false, errors.New("odd number of headers supplied")
-	}
-
-	if !strings.HasSuffix(opt.Endpoint, "/") {
-		opt.Endpoint += "/"
-	}
-
-	// Parse the endpoint and stick the root onto it
-	base, err := url.Parse(opt.Endpoint)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-	u, err := rest.URLJoin(base, rest.URLPathEscape(f.root))
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	client := fshttp.NewClient(ctx)
-
-	endpoint, isFile := getFsEndpoint(ctx, client, u.String(), opt)
-	fs.Debugf(nil, "Root: %s", endpoint)
-	u, err = url.Parse(endpoint)
-	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	// Update f with the new parameters
-	f.httpClient = client
-	f.endpoint = u
-	f.endpointURL = u.String()
-	return isFile, nil
-}
-
 // NewFs creates a new Fs object from the name and root. It connects to
 // the host specified in the config file.
 func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
@@ -257,23 +220,47 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		return nil, err
 	}

+	if len(opt.Headers)%2 != 0 {
+		return nil, errors.New("odd number of headers supplied")
+	}
+
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(opt.Endpoint, "/") {
+		opt.Endpoint += "/"
+	}
+
+	// Parse the endpoint and stick the root onto it
+	base, err := url.Parse(opt.Endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	u, err := rest.URLJoin(base, rest.URLPathEscape(root))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	client := fshttp.NewClient(ctx)
+
+	endpoint, isFile := getFsEndpoint(ctx, client, u.String(), opt)
+	fs.Debugf(nil, "Root: %s", endpoint)
+	u, err = url.Parse(endpoint)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
 	f := &Fs{
-		name: name,
-		root: root,
-		opt:  *opt,
-		ci:   ci,
+		name:        name,
+		root:        root,
+		opt:         *opt,
+		ci:          ci,
+		httpClient:  client,
+		endpoint:    u,
+		endpointURL: u.String(),
 	}
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
 		CanHaveEmptyDirectories: true,
 	}).Fill(ctx, f)

-	// Make the http connection
-	isFile, err := f.httpConnection(ctx, opt)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	if isFile {
 		// return an error with an fs which points to the parent
 		return f, fs.ErrorIsFile
@@ -698,66 +685,10 @@ func (o *Object) MimeType(ctx context.Context) string {
 	return o.contentType
 }

-var commandHelp = []fs.CommandHelp{{
-	Name:  "set",
-	Short: "Set command for updating the config parameters.",
-	Long: `This set command can be used to update the config parameters
-for a running http backend.
-
-Usage Examples:
-
-    rclone backend set remote: [-o opt_name=opt_value] [-o opt_name2=opt_value2]
-    rclone rc backend/command command=set fs=remote: [-o opt_name=opt_value] [-o opt_name2=opt_value2]
-    rclone rc backend/command command=set fs=remote: -o url=https://example.com
-
-The option keys are named as they are in the config file.
-
-This rebuilds the connection to the http backend when it is called with
-the new parameters. Only new parameters need be passed as the values
-will default to those currently in use.
-
-It doesn't return anything.
-`,
-}}
-
-// Command the backend to run a named command
-//
-// The command run is name
-// args may be used to read arguments from
-// opts may be used to read optional arguments from
-//
-// The result should be capable of being JSON encoded
-// If it is a string or a []string it will be shown to the user
-// otherwise it will be JSON encoded and shown to the user like that
-func (f *Fs) Command(ctx context.Context, name string, arg []string, opt map[string]string) (out interface{}, err error) {
-	switch name {
-	case "set":
-		newOpt := f.opt
-		err := configstruct.Set(configmap.Simple(opt), &newOpt)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading config: %w", err)
-		}
-		_, err = f.httpConnection(ctx, &newOpt)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("updating session: %w", err)
-		}
-		f.opt = newOpt
-		keys := []string{}
-		for k := range opt {
-			keys = append(keys, k)
-		}
-		fs.Logf(f, "Updated config values: %s", strings.Join(keys, ", "))
-		return nil, nil
-	default:
-		return nil, fs.ErrorCommandNotFound
-	}
-}
-
 // Check the interfaces are satisfied
 var (
 	_ fs.Fs          = &Fs{}
 	_ fs.PutStreamer = &Fs{}
 	_ fs.Object      = &Object{}
 	_ fs.MimeTyper   = &Object{}
-	_ fs.Commander   = &Fs{}
 )
--- a/backend/imagekit/client/client.go
+++ b/backend/imagekit/client/client.go
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-// Package client provides a client for interacting with the ImageKit API.
-package client
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fshttp"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest"
-)
-
-// ImageKit main struct
-type ImageKit struct {
-	Prefix        string
-	UploadPrefix  string
-	Timeout       int64
-	UploadTimeout int64
-	PrivateKey    string
-	PublicKey     string
-	URLEndpoint   string
-	HTTPClient    *rest.Client
-}
-
-// NewParams is a struct to define parameters to imagekit
-type NewParams struct {
-	PrivateKey  string
-	PublicKey   string
-	URLEndpoint string
-}
-
-// New returns ImageKit object from environment variables
-func New(ctx context.Context, params NewParams) (*ImageKit, error) {
-
-	privateKey := params.PrivateKey
-	publicKey := params.PublicKey
-	endpointURL := params.URLEndpoint
-
-	switch {
-	case privateKey == "":
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ImageKit.io URL endpoint is required")
-	case publicKey == "":
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ImageKit.io public key is required")
-	case endpointURL == "":
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("ImageKit.io private key is required")
-	}
-
-	cliCtx, cliCfg := fs.AddConfig(ctx)
-
-	cliCfg.UserAgent = "rclone/imagekit"
-	client := rest.NewClient(fshttp.NewClient(cliCtx))
-
-	client.SetUserPass(privateKey, "")
-	client.SetHeader("Accept", "application/json")
-
-	return &ImageKit{
-		Prefix:        "https://api.imagekit.io/v2",
-		UploadPrefix:  "https://upload.imagekit.io/api/v2",
-		Timeout:       60,
-		UploadTimeout: 3600,
-		PrivateKey:    params.PrivateKey,
-		PublicKey:     params.PublicKey,
-		URLEndpoint:   params.URLEndpoint,
-		HTTPClient:    client,
-	}, nil
-}
--- a/backend/imagekit/client/media.go
+++ b/backend/imagekit/client/media.go
@@ -1,252 +0,0 @@
-package client
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest"
-	"gopkg.in/validator.v2"
-)
-
-// FilesOrFolderParam struct is a parameter type to ListFiles() function to search / list media library files.
-type FilesOrFolderParam struct {
-	Path        string `json:"path,omitempty"`
-	Limit       int    `json:"limit,omitempty"`
-	Skip        int    `json:"skip,omitempty"`
-	SearchQuery string `json:"searchQuery,omitempty"`
-}
-
-// AITag represents an AI tag for a media library file.
-type AITag struct {
-	Name       string  `json:"name"`
-	Confidence float32 `json:"confidence"`
-	Source     string  `json:"source"`
-}
-
-// File represents media library File details.
-type File struct {
-	FileID            string            `json:"fileId"`
-	Name              string            `json:"name"`
-	FilePath          string            `json:"filePath"`
-	Type              string            `json:"type"`
-	VersionInfo       map[string]string `json:"versionInfo"`
-	IsPrivateFile     *bool             `json:"isPrivateFile"`
-	CustomCoordinates *string           `json:"customCoordinates"`
-	URL               string            `json:"url"`
-	Thumbnail         string            `json:"thumbnail"`
-	FileType          string            `json:"fileType"`
-	Mime              string            `json:"mime"`
-	Height            int               `json:"height"`
-	Width             int               `json:"Width"`
-	Size              uint64            `json:"size"`
-	HasAlpha          bool              `json:"hasAlpha"`
-	CustomMetadata    map[string]any    `json:"customMetadata,omitempty"`
-	EmbeddedMetadata  map[string]any    `json:"embeddedMetadata"`
-	CreatedAt         time.Time         `json:"createdAt"`
-	UpdatedAt         time.Time         `json:"updatedAt"`
-	Tags              []string          `json:"tags"`
-	AITags            []AITag           `json:"AITags"`
-}
-
-// Folder represents media library Folder details.
-type Folder struct {
-	*File
-	FolderPath string `json:"folderPath"`
-}
-
-// CreateFolderParam represents parameter to create folder api
-type CreateFolderParam struct {
-	FolderName       string `validate:"nonzero" json:"folderName"`
-	ParentFolderPath string `validate:"nonzero" json:"parentFolderPath"`
-}
-
-// DeleteFolderParam represents parameter to delete folder api
-type DeleteFolderParam struct {
-	FolderPath string `validate:"nonzero" json:"folderPath"`
-}
-
-// MoveFolderParam represents parameter to move folder api
-type MoveFolderParam struct {
-	SourceFolderPath string `validate:"nonzero" json:"sourceFolderPath"`
-	DestinationPath  string `validate:"nonzero" json:"destinationPath"`
-}
-
-// JobIDResponse respresents response struct with JobID for folder operations
-type JobIDResponse struct {
-	JobID string `json:"jobId"`
-}
-
-// JobStatus represents response Data to job status api
-type JobStatus struct {
-	JobID  string `json:"jobId"`
-	Type   string `json:"type"`
-	Status string `json:"status"`
-}
-
-// File represents media library File details.
-func (ik *ImageKit) File(ctx context.Context, fileID string) (*http.Response, *File, error) {
-	data := &File{}
-	response, err := ik.HTTPClient.CallJSON(ctx, &rest.Opts{
-		Method:       "GET",
-		Path:         fmt.Sprintf("/files/%s/details", fileID),
-		RootURL:      ik.Prefix,
-		IgnoreStatus: true,
-	}, nil, data)
-
-	return response, data, err
-}
-
-// Files retrieves media library files. Filter options can be supplied as FilesOrFolderParam.
-func (ik *ImageKit) Files(ctx context.Context, params FilesOrFolderParam, includeVersion bool) (*http.Response, *[]File, error) {
-	var SearchQuery = `type = "file"`
-
-	if includeVersion {
-		SearchQuery = `type IN ["file", "file-version"]`
-	}
-	if params.SearchQuery != "" {
-		SearchQuery = params.SearchQuery
-	}
-
-	parameters := url.Values{}
-
-	parameters.Set("skip", fmt.Sprintf("%d", params.Skip))
-	parameters.Set("limit", fmt.Sprintf("%d", params.Limit))
-	parameters.Set("path", params.Path)
-	parameters.Set("searchQuery", SearchQuery)
-
-	data := &[]File{}
-
-	response, err := ik.HTTPClient.CallJSON(ctx, &rest.Opts{
-		Method:     "GET",
-		Path:       "/files",
-		RootURL:    ik.Prefix,
-		Parameters: parameters,
-	}, nil, data)
-
-	return response, data, err
-}
-
-// DeleteFile removes file by FileID from media library
-func (ik *ImageKit) DeleteFile(ctx context.Context, fileID string) (*http.Response, error) {
-	var err error
-
-	if fileID == "" {
-		return nil, errors.New("fileID can not be empty")
-	}
-
-	response, err := ik.HTTPClient.CallJSON(ctx, &rest.Opts{
-		Method:     "DELETE",
-		Path:       fmt.Sprintf("/files/%s", fileID),
-		RootURL:    ik.Prefix,
-		NoResponse: true,
-	}, nil, nil)
-
-	return response, err
-}
-
-// Folders retrieves media library files. Filter options can be supplied as FilesOrFolderParam.
-func (ik *ImageKit) Folders(ctx context.Context, params FilesOrFolderParam) (*http.Response, *[]Folder, error) {
-	var SearchQuery = `type = "folder"`
-
-	if params.SearchQuery != "" {
-		SearchQuery = params.SearchQuery
-	}
-
-	parameters := url.Values{}
-
-	parameters.Set("skip", fmt.Sprintf("%d", params.Skip))
-	parameters.Set("limit", fmt.Sprintf("%d", params.Limit))
-	parameters.Set("path", params.Path)
-	parameters.Set("searchQuery", SearchQuery)
-
-	data := &[]Folder{}
-
-	resp, err := ik.HTTPClient.CallJSON(ctx, &rest.Opts{
-		Method:     "GET",
-		Path:       "/files",
-		RootURL:    ik.Prefix,
-		Parameters: parameters,
-	}, nil, data)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return resp, data, err
-	}
-
-	return resp, data, err
-}
-
-// CreateFolder creates a new folder in media library
-func (ik *ImageKit) CreateFolder(ctx context.Context, param CreateFolderParam) (*http.Response, error) {
-	var err error
-
-	if err = validator.Validate(&param); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	response, err := ik.HTTPClient.CallJSON(ctx, &rest.Opts{
-		Method:     "POST",
-		Path:       "/folder",
-		RootURL:    ik.Prefix,
-		NoResponse: true,
-	}, param, nil)
-
-	return response, err
-}
-
-// DeleteFolder removes the folder from media library
-func (ik *ImageKit) DeleteFolder(ctx context.Context, param DeleteFolderParam) (*http.Response, error) {
-	var err error
-
-	if err = validator.Validate(&param); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	response, err := ik.HTTPClient.CallJSON(ctx, &rest.Opts{
-		Method:     "DELETE",
-		Path:       "/folder",
-		RootURL:    ik.Prefix,
-		NoResponse: true,
-	}, param, nil)
-
-	return response, err
-}
-
-// MoveFolder moves given folder to new path in media library
-func (ik *ImageKit) MoveFolder(ctx context.Context, param MoveFolderParam) (*http.Response, *JobIDResponse, error) {
-	var err error
-	var response = &JobIDResponse{}
-
-	if err = validator.Validate(&param); err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, err
-	}
-
-	resp, err := ik.HTTPClient.CallJSON(ctx, &rest.Opts{
-		Method:  "PUT",
-		Path:    "bulkJobs/moveFolder",
-		RootURL: ik.Prefix,
-	}, param, response)
-
-	return resp, response, err
-}
-
-// BulkJobStatus retrieves the status of a bulk job by job ID.
-func (ik *ImageKit) BulkJobStatus(ctx context.Context, jobID string) (*http.Response, *JobStatus, error) {
-	var err error
-	var response = &JobStatus{}
-
-	if jobID == "" {
-		return nil, nil, errors.New("jobId can not be blank")
-	}
-
-	resp, err := ik.HTTPClient.CallJSON(ctx, &rest.Opts{
-		Method:  "GET",
-		Path:    "bulkJobs/" + jobID,
-		RootURL: ik.Prefix,
-	}, nil, response)
-
-	return resp, response, err
-}
--- a/backend/imagekit/client/upload.go
+++ b/backend/imagekit/client/upload.go
@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-package client
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest"
-)
-
-// UploadParam defines upload parameters
-type UploadParam struct {
-	FileName      string `json:"fileName"`
-	Folder        string `json:"folder,omitempty"` // default value:  /
-	Tags          string `json:"tags,omitempty"`
-	IsPrivateFile *bool  `json:"isPrivateFile,omitempty"` // default: false
-}
-
-// UploadResult defines the response structure for the upload API
-type UploadResult struct {
-	FileID       string            `json:"fileId"`
-	Name         string            `json:"name"`
-	URL          string            `json:"url"`
-	ThumbnailURL string            `json:"thumbnailUrl"`
-	Height       int               `json:"height"`
-	Width        int               `json:"Width"`
-	Size         uint64            `json:"size"`
-	FilePath     string            `json:"filePath"`
-	AITags       []map[string]any  `json:"AITags"`
-	VersionInfo  map[string]string `json:"versionInfo"`
-}
-
-// Upload uploads an asset to a imagekit account.
-//
-// The asset can be:
-//   - the actual data (io.Reader)
-//   - the Data URI (Base64 encoded), max ~60 MB (62,910,000 chars)
-//   - the remote FTP, HTTP or HTTPS URL address of an existing file
-//
-// https://docs.imagekit.io/api-reference/upload-file-api/server-side-file-upload
-func (ik *ImageKit) Upload(ctx context.Context, file io.Reader, param UploadParam) (*http.Response, *UploadResult, error) {
-	var err error
-
-	if param.FileName == "" {
-		return nil, nil, errors.New("Upload: Filename is required")
-	}
-
-	// Initialize URL values
-	formParams := url.Values{}
-
-	formParams.Add("useUniqueFileName", fmt.Sprint(false))
-
-	// Add individual fields to URL values
-	if param.FileName != "" {
-		formParams.Add("fileName", param.FileName)
-	}
-
-	if param.Tags != "" {
-		formParams.Add("tags", param.Tags)
-	}
-
-	if param.Folder != "" {
-		formParams.Add("folder", param.Folder)
-	}
-
-	if param.IsPrivateFile != nil {
-		formParams.Add("isPrivateFile", fmt.Sprintf("%v", *param.IsPrivateFile))
-	}
-
-	response := &UploadResult{}
-
-	formReader, contentType, _, err := rest.MultipartUpload(ctx, file, formParams, "file", param.FileName)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to make multipart upload: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	opts := rest.Opts{
-		Method:      "POST",
-		Path:        "/files/upload",
-		RootURL:     ik.UploadPrefix,
-		Body:        formReader,
-		ContentType: contentType,
-	}
-
-	resp, err := ik.HTTPClient.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, response)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return resp, response, err
-	}
-
-	return resp, response, err
-}
--- a/backend/imagekit/client/url.go
+++ b/backend/imagekit/client/url.go
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-package client
-
-import (
-	"crypto/hmac"
-	"crypto/sha1"
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"fmt"
-	neturl "net/url"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// URLParam represents parameters for generating url
-type URLParam struct {
-	Path            string
-	Src             string
-	URLEndpoint     string
-	Signed          bool
-	ExpireSeconds   int64
-	QueryParameters map[string]string
-}
-
-// URL generates url from URLParam
-func (ik *ImageKit) URL(params URLParam) (string, error) {
-	var resultURL string
-	var url *neturl.URL
-	var err error
-	var endpoint = params.URLEndpoint
-
-	if endpoint == "" {
-		endpoint = ik.URLEndpoint
-	}
-
-	endpoint = strings.TrimRight(endpoint, "/") + "/"
-
-	if params.QueryParameters == nil {
-		params.QueryParameters = make(map[string]string)
-	}
-
-	if url, err = neturl.Parse(params.Src); err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	query := url.Query()
-
-	for k, v := range params.QueryParameters {
-		query.Set(k, v)
-	}
-	url.RawQuery = query.Encode()
-	resultURL = url.String()
-
-	if params.Signed {
-		now := time.Now().Unix()
-
-		var expires = strconv.FormatInt(now+params.ExpireSeconds, 10)
-		var path = strings.Replace(resultURL, endpoint, "", 1)
-
-		path = path + expires
-		mac := hmac.New(sha1.New, []byte(ik.PrivateKey))
-		mac.Write([]byte(path))
-		signature := hex.EncodeToString(mac.Sum(nil))
-
-		if strings.Contains(resultURL, "?") {
-			resultURL = resultURL + "&" + fmt.Sprintf("ik-t=%s&ik-s=%s", expires, signature)
-		} else {
-			resultURL = resultURL + "?" + fmt.Sprintf("ik-t=%s&ik-s=%s", expires, signature)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return resultURL, nil
-}
--- a/backend/imagekit/imagekit.go
+++ b/backend/imagekit/imagekit.go
@@ -1,828 +0,0 @@
-// Package imagekit provides an interface to the ImageKit.io media library.
-package imagekit
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"math"
-	"net/http"
-	"path"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/imagekit/client"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configstruct"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/encoder"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pacer"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/readers"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/version"
-)
-
-const (
-	minSleep      = 1 * time.Millisecond
-	maxSleep      = 100 * time.Millisecond
-	decayConstant = 2
-)
-
-var systemMetadataInfo = map[string]fs.MetadataHelp{
-	"btime": {
-		Help:     "Time of file birth (creation) read from Last-Modified header",
-		Type:     "RFC 3339",
-		Example:  "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999999Z07:00",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-	"size": {
-		Help:     "Size of the object in bytes",
-		Type:     "int64",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-	"file-type": {
-		Help:     "Type of the file",
-		Type:     "string",
-		Example:  "image",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-	"height": {
-		Help:     "Height of the image or video in pixels",
-		Type:     "int",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-	"width": {
-		Help:     "Width of the image or video in pixels",
-		Type:     "int",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-	"has-alpha": {
-		Help:     "Whether the image has alpha channel or not",
-		Type:     "bool",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-	"tags": {
-		Help:     "Tags associated with the file",
-		Type:     "string",
-		Example:  "tag1,tag2",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-	"google-tags": {
-		Help:     "AI generated tags by Google Cloud Vision associated with the image",
-		Type:     "string",
-		Example:  "tag1,tag2",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-	"aws-tags": {
-		Help:     "AI generated tags by AWS Rekognition associated with the image",
-		Type:     "string",
-		Example:  "tag1,tag2",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-	"is-private-file": {
-		Help:     "Whether the file is private or not",
-		Type:     "bool",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-	"custom-coordinates": {
-		Help:     "Custom coordinates of the file",
-		Type:     "string",
-		Example:  "0,0,100,100",
-		ReadOnly: true,
-	},
-}
-
-// Register with Fs
-func init() {
-	fs.Register(&fs.RegInfo{
-		Name:        "imagekit",
-		Description: "ImageKit.io",
-		NewFs:       NewFs,
-		MetadataInfo: &fs.MetadataInfo{
-			System: systemMetadataInfo,
-			Help:   `Any metadata supported by the underlying remote is read and written.`,
-		},
-		Options: []fs.Option{
-			{
-				Name:     "endpoint",
-				Help:     "You can find your ImageKit.io URL endpoint in your [dashboard](https://imagekit.io/dashboard/developer/api-keys)",
-				Required: true,
-			},
-			{
-				Name:      "public_key",
-				Help:      "You can find your ImageKit.io public key in your [dashboard](https://imagekit.io/dashboard/developer/api-keys)",
-				Required:  true,
-				Sensitive: true,
-			},
-			{
-				Name:      "private_key",
-				Help:      "You can find your ImageKit.io private key in your [dashboard](https://imagekit.io/dashboard/developer/api-keys)",
-				Required:  true,
-				Sensitive: true,
-			},
-			{
-				Name:     "only_signed",
-				Help:     "If you have configured `Restrict unsigned image URLs` in your dashboard settings, set this to true.",
-				Default:  false,
-				Advanced: true,
-			},
-			{
-				Name:     "versions",
-				Help:     "Include old versions in directory listings.",
-				Default:  false,
-				Advanced: true,
-			},
-			{
-				Name:     "upload_tags",
-				Help:     "Tags to add to the uploaded files, e.g. \"tag1,tag2\".",
-				Default:  "",
-				Advanced: true,
-			},
-			{
-				Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
-				Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
-				Advanced: true,
-				Default: (encoder.EncodeZero |
-					encoder.EncodeSlash |
-					encoder.EncodeQuestion |
-					encoder.EncodeHashPercent |
-					encoder.EncodeCtl |
-					encoder.EncodeDel |
-					encoder.EncodeDot |
-					encoder.EncodeDoubleQuote |
-					encoder.EncodePercent |
-					encoder.EncodeBackSlash |
-					encoder.EncodeDollar |
-					encoder.EncodeLtGt |
-					encoder.EncodeSquareBracket |
-					encoder.EncodeInvalidUtf8),
-			},
-		},
-	})
-}
-
-// Options defines the configuration for this backend
-type Options struct {
-	Endpoint   string               `config:"endpoint"`
-	PublicKey  string               `config:"public_key"`
-	PrivateKey string               `config:"private_key"`
-	OnlySigned bool                 `config:"only_signed"`
-	Versions   bool                 `config:"versions"`
-	Enc        encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
-}
-
-// Fs represents a remote to ImageKit
-type Fs struct {
-	name     string           // name of remote
-	root     string           // root path
-	opt      Options          // parsed options
-	features *fs.Features     // optional features
-	ik       *client.ImageKit // ImageKit client
-	pacer    *fs.Pacer        // pacer for API calls
-}
-
-// Object describes a ImageKit file
-type Object struct {
-	fs          *Fs         // The Fs this object is part of
-	remote      string      // The remote path
-	filePath    string      // The path to the file
-	contentType string      // The content type of the object if known - may be ""
-	timestamp   time.Time   // The timestamp of the object if known - may be zero
-	file        client.File // The media file if known - may be nil
-	versionID   string      // If present this points to an object version
-}
-
-// NewFs constructs an Fs from the path, container:path
-func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name string, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	opt := new(Options)
-	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ik, err := client.New(ctx, client.NewParams{
-		URLEndpoint: opt.Endpoint,
-		PublicKey:   opt.PublicKey,
-		PrivateKey:  opt.PrivateKey,
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	f := &Fs{
-		name:  name,
-		opt:   *opt,
-		ik:    ik,
-		pacer: fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep), pacer.DecayConstant(decayConstant))),
-	}
-
-	f.root = path.Join("/", root)
-
-	f.features = (&fs.Features{
-		CaseInsensitive:         false,
-		DuplicateFiles:          false,
-		ReadMimeType:            true,
-		WriteMimeType:           false,
-		CanHaveEmptyDirectories: true,
-		BucketBased:             false,
-		ServerSideAcrossConfigs: false,
-		IsLocal:                 false,
-		SlowHash:                true,
-		ReadMetadata:            true,
-		WriteMetadata:           false,
-		UserMetadata:            false,
-		FilterAware:             true,
-		PartialUploads:          false,
-		NoMultiThreading:        false,
-	}).Fill(ctx, f)
-
-	if f.root != "/" {
-
-		r := f.root
-
-		folderPath := f.EncodePath(r[:strings.LastIndex(r, "/")+1])
-		fileName := f.EncodeFileName(r[strings.LastIndex(r, "/")+1:])
-
-		file := f.getFileByName(ctx, folderPath, fileName)
-
-		if file != nil {
-			newRoot := path.Dir(f.root)
-			f.root = newRoot
-			return f, fs.ErrorIsFile
-		}
-
-	}
-	return f, nil
-}
-
-// Name of the remote (as passed into NewFs)
-func (f *Fs) Name() string {
-	return f.name
-}
-
-// Root of the remote (as passed into NewFs)
-func (f *Fs) Root() string {
-	return strings.TrimLeft(f.root, "/")
-}
-
-// String returns a description of the FS
-func (f *Fs) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("FS imagekit: %s", f.root)
-}
-
-// Precision of the ModTimes in this Fs
-func (f *Fs) Precision() time.Duration {
-	return fs.ModTimeNotSupported
-}
-
-// Hashes returns the supported hash types of the filesystem.
-func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set {
-	return hash.NewHashSet()
-}
-
-// Features returns the optional features of this Fs.
-func (f *Fs) Features() *fs.Features {
-	return f.features
-}
-
-// List the objects and directories in dir into entries.  The
-// entries can be returned in any order but should be for a
-// complete directory.
-//
-// dir should be "" to list the root, and should not have
-// trailing slashes.
-//
-// This should return ErrDirNotFound if the directory isn't
-// found.
-func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
-
-	remote := path.Join(f.root, dir)
-
-	remote = f.EncodePath(remote)
-
-	if remote != "/" {
-		parentFolderPath, folderName := path.Split(remote)
-		folderExists, err := f.getFolderByName(ctx, parentFolderPath, folderName)
-
-		if err != nil {
-			return make(fs.DirEntries, 0), err
-		}
-
-		if folderExists == nil {
-			return make(fs.DirEntries, 0), fs.ErrorDirNotFound
-		}
-	}
-
-	folders, folderError := f.getFolders(ctx, remote)
-
-	if folderError != nil {
-		return make(fs.DirEntries, 0), folderError
-	}
-
-	files, fileError := f.getFiles(ctx, remote, f.opt.Versions)
-
-	if fileError != nil {
-		return make(fs.DirEntries, 0), fileError
-	}
-
-	res := make([]fs.DirEntry, 0, len(folders)+len(files))
-
-	for _, folder := range folders {
-		folderPath := f.DecodePath(strings.TrimLeft(strings.Replace(folder.FolderPath, f.EncodePath(f.root), "", 1), "/"))
-		res = append(res, fs.NewDir(folderPath, folder.UpdatedAt))
-	}
-
-	for _, file := range files {
-		res = append(res, f.newObject(ctx, remote, file))
-	}
-
-	return res, nil
-}
-
-func (f *Fs) newObject(ctx context.Context, remote string, file client.File) *Object {
-	remoteFile := strings.TrimLeft(strings.Replace(file.FilePath, f.EncodePath(f.root), "", 1), "/")
-
-	folderPath, fileName := path.Split(remoteFile)
-
-	folderPath = f.DecodePath(folderPath)
-	fileName = f.DecodeFileName(fileName)
-
-	remoteFile = path.Join(folderPath, fileName)
-
-	if file.Type == "file-version" {
-		remoteFile = version.Add(remoteFile, file.UpdatedAt)
-
-		return &Object{
-			fs:          f,
-			remote:      remoteFile,
-			filePath:    file.FilePath,
-			contentType: file.Mime,
-			timestamp:   file.UpdatedAt,
-			file:        file,
-			versionID:   file.VersionInfo["id"],
-		}
-	}
-
-	return &Object{
-		fs:          f,
-		remote:      remoteFile,
-		filePath:    file.FilePath,
-		contentType: file.Mime,
-		timestamp:   file.UpdatedAt,
-		file:        file,
-	}
-}
-
-// NewObject finds the Object at remote.  If it can't be found
-// it returns the error ErrorObjectNotFound.
-//
-// If remote points to a directory then it should return
-// ErrorIsDir if possible without doing any extra work,
-// otherwise ErrorObjectNotFound.
-func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
-	r := path.Join(f.root, remote)
-
-	folderPath, fileName := path.Split(r)
-
-	folderPath = f.EncodePath(folderPath)
-	fileName = f.EncodeFileName(fileName)
-
-	isFolder, err := f.getFolderByName(ctx, folderPath, fileName)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if isFolder != nil {
-		return nil, fs.ErrorIsDir
-	}
-
-	file := f.getFileByName(ctx, folderPath, fileName)
-
-	if file == nil {
-		return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
-	}
-
-	return f.newObject(ctx, r, *file), nil
-}
-
-// Put in to the remote path with the modTime given of the given size
-//
-// When called from outside an Fs by rclone, src.Size() will always be >= 0.
-// But for unknown-sized objects (indicated by src.Size() == -1), Put should either
-// return an error or upload it properly (rather than e.g. calling panic).
-//
-// May create the object even if it returns an error - if so
-// will return the object and the error, otherwise will return
-// nil and the error
-func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
-	return uploadFile(ctx, f, in, src.Remote(), options...)
-}
-
-// Mkdir makes the directory (container, bucket)
-//
-// Shouldn't return an error if it already exists
-func (f *Fs) Mkdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) (err error) {
-	remote := path.Join(f.root, dir)
-	parentFolderPath, folderName := path.Split(remote)
-
-	parentFolderPath = f.EncodePath(parentFolderPath)
-	folderName = f.EncodeFileName(folderName)
-
-	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		var res *http.Response
-		res, err = f.ik.CreateFolder(ctx, client.CreateFolderParam{
-			ParentFolderPath: parentFolderPath,
-			FolderName:       folderName,
-		})
-
-		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-	})
-
-	return err
-}
-
-// Rmdir removes the directory (container, bucket) if empty
-//
-// Return an error if it doesn't exist or isn't empty
-func (f *Fs) Rmdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) (err error) {
-
-	entries, err := f.List(ctx, dir)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	if len(entries) > 0 {
-		return errors.New("directory is not empty")
-	}
-
-	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		var res *http.Response
-		res, err = f.ik.DeleteFolder(ctx, client.DeleteFolderParam{
-			FolderPath: f.EncodePath(path.Join(f.root, dir)),
-		})
-
-		if res.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
-			return false, fs.ErrorDirNotFound
-		}
-
-		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-	})
-
-	return err
-}
-
-// Purge deletes all the files and the container
-//
-// Optional interface: Only implement this if you have a way of
-// deleting all the files quicker than just running Remove() on the
-// result of List()
-func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) (err error) {
-
-	remote := path.Join(f.root, dir)
-
-	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		var res *http.Response
-		res, err = f.ik.DeleteFolder(ctx, client.DeleteFolderParam{
-			FolderPath: f.EncodePath(remote),
-		})
-
-		if res.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound {
-			return false, fs.ErrorDirNotFound
-		}
-
-		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-	})
-
-	return err
-}
-
-// PublicLink generates a public link to the remote path (usually readable by anyone)
-func (f *Fs) PublicLink(ctx context.Context, remote string, expire fs.Duration, unlink bool) (string, error) {
-
-	duration := time.Duration(math.Abs(float64(expire)))
-
-	expireSeconds := duration.Seconds()
-
-	fileRemote := path.Join(f.root, remote)
-
-	folderPath, fileName := path.Split(fileRemote)
-	folderPath = f.EncodePath(folderPath)
-	fileName = f.EncodeFileName(fileName)
-
-	file := f.getFileByName(ctx, folderPath, fileName)
-
-	if file == nil {
-		return "", fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
-	}
-
-	// Pacer not needed as this doesn't use the API
-	url, err := f.ik.URL(client.URLParam{
-		Src:           file.URL,
-		Signed:        *file.IsPrivateFile || f.opt.OnlySigned,
-		ExpireSeconds: int64(expireSeconds),
-		QueryParameters: map[string]string{
-			"updatedAt": file.UpdatedAt.String(),
-		},
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	return url, nil
-}
-
-// Fs returns read only access to the Fs that this object is part of
-func (o *Object) Fs() fs.Info {
-	return o.fs
-}
-
-// Hash returns the selected checksum of the file
-// If no checksum is available it returns ""
-func (o *Object) Hash(ctx context.Context, ty hash.Type) (string, error) {
-	return "", hash.ErrUnsupported
-}
-
-// Storable says whether this object can be stored
-func (o *Object) Storable() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-// String returns a description of the Object
-func (o *Object) String() string {
-	if o == nil {
-		return "<nil>"
-	}
-	return o.file.Name
-}
-
-// Remote returns the remote path
-func (o *Object) Remote() string {
-	return o.remote
-}
-
-// ModTime returns the modification date of the file
-// It should return a best guess if one isn't available
-func (o *Object) ModTime(context.Context) time.Time {
-	return o.file.UpdatedAt
-}
-
-// Size returns the size of the file
-func (o *Object) Size() int64 {
-	return int64(o.file.Size)
-}
-
-// MimeType returns the MIME type of the file
-func (o *Object) MimeType(context.Context) string {
-	return o.contentType
-}
-
-// Open opens the file for read.  Call Close() on the returned io.ReadCloser
-func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-	// Offset and Count for range download
-	var offset int64
-	var count int64
-
-	fs.FixRangeOption(options, -1)
-	partialContent := false
-	for _, option := range options {
-		switch x := option.(type) {
-		case *fs.RangeOption:
-			offset, count = x.Decode(-1)
-			partialContent = true
-		case *fs.SeekOption:
-			offset = x.Offset
-			partialContent = true
-		default:
-			if option.Mandatory() {
-				fs.Logf(o, "Unsupported mandatory option: %v", option)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Pacer not needed as this doesn't use the API
-	url, err := o.fs.ik.URL(client.URLParam{
-		Src:    o.file.URL,
-		Signed: *o.file.IsPrivateFile || o.fs.opt.OnlySigned,
-		QueryParameters: map[string]string{
-			"tr":        "orig-true",
-			"updatedAt": o.file.UpdatedAt.String(),
-		},
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	client := &http.Client{}
-	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", url, nil)
-	req.Header.Set("Range", fmt.Sprintf("bytes=%d-%d", offset, offset+count-1))
-	resp, err := client.Do(req)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	end := resp.ContentLength
-
-	if partialContent && resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
-		skip := offset
-
-		if offset < 0 {
-			skip = end + offset + 1
-		}
-
-		_, err = io.CopyN(io.Discard, resp.Body, skip)
-		if err != nil {
-			if resp != nil {
-				_ = resp.Body.Close()
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-
-		return readers.NewLimitedReadCloser(resp.Body, end-skip), nil
-	}
-
-	return resp.Body, nil
-}
-
-// Update in to the object with the modTime given of the given size
-//
-// When called from outside an Fs by rclone, src.Size() will always be >= 0.
-// But for unknown-sized objects (indicated by src.Size() == -1), Upload should either
-// return an error or update the object properly (rather than e.g. calling panic).
-func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (err error) {
-
-	srcRemote := o.Remote()
-
-	remote := path.Join(o.fs.root, srcRemote)
-	folderPath, fileName := path.Split(remote)
-
-	UseUniqueFileName := new(bool)
-	*UseUniqueFileName = false
-
-	var resp *client.UploadResult
-
-	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		var res *http.Response
-		res, resp, err = o.fs.ik.Upload(ctx, in, client.UploadParam{
-			FileName:      fileName,
-			Folder:        folderPath,
-			IsPrivateFile: o.file.IsPrivateFile,
-		})
-
-		return o.fs.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	fileID := resp.FileID
-
-	_, file, err := o.fs.ik.File(ctx, fileID)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	o.file = *file
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Remove this object
-func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
-	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		var res *http.Response
-		res, err = o.fs.ik.DeleteFile(ctx, o.file.FileID)
-
-		return o.fs.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-	})
-
-	return err
-}
-
-// SetModTime sets the metadata on the object to set the modification date
-func (o *Object) SetModTime(ctx context.Context, t time.Time) error {
-	return fs.ErrorCantSetModTime
-}
-
-func uploadFile(ctx context.Context, f *Fs, in io.Reader, srcRemote string, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
-	remote := path.Join(f.root, srcRemote)
-	folderPath, fileName := path.Split(remote)
-
-	folderPath = f.EncodePath(folderPath)
-	fileName = f.EncodeFileName(fileName)
-
-	UseUniqueFileName := new(bool)
-	*UseUniqueFileName = false
-
-	err := f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		var res *http.Response
-		var err error
-		res, _, err = f.ik.Upload(ctx, in, client.UploadParam{
-			FileName:      fileName,
-			Folder:        folderPath,
-			IsPrivateFile: &f.opt.OnlySigned,
-		})
-
-		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return f.NewObject(ctx, srcRemote)
-}
-
-// Metadata returns the metadata for the object
-func (o *Object) Metadata(ctx context.Context) (metadata fs.Metadata, err error) {
-
-	metadata.Set("btime", o.file.CreatedAt.Format(time.RFC3339))
-	metadata.Set("size", strconv.FormatUint(o.file.Size, 10))
-	metadata.Set("file-type", o.file.FileType)
-	metadata.Set("height", strconv.Itoa(o.file.Height))
-	metadata.Set("width", strconv.Itoa(o.file.Width))
-	metadata.Set("has-alpha", strconv.FormatBool(o.file.HasAlpha))
-
-	for k, v := range o.file.EmbeddedMetadata {
-		metadata.Set(k, fmt.Sprint(v))
-	}
-
-	if o.file.Tags != nil {
-		metadata.Set("tags", strings.Join(o.file.Tags, ","))
-	}
-
-	if o.file.CustomCoordinates != nil {
-		metadata.Set("custom-coordinates", *o.file.CustomCoordinates)
-	}
-
-	if o.file.IsPrivateFile != nil {
-		metadata.Set("is-private-file", strconv.FormatBool(*o.file.IsPrivateFile))
-	}
-
-	if o.file.AITags != nil {
-		googleTags := []string{}
-		awsTags := []string{}
-
-		for _, tag := range o.file.AITags {
-			if tag.Source == "google-auto-tagging" {
-				googleTags = append(googleTags, tag.Name)
-			} else if tag.Source == "aws-auto-tagging" {
-				awsTags = append(awsTags, tag.Name)
-			}
-		}
-
-		if len(googleTags) > 0 {
-			metadata.Set("google-tags", strings.Join(googleTags, ","))
-		}
-
-		if len(awsTags) > 0 {
-			metadata.Set("aws-tags", strings.Join(awsTags, ","))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return metadata, nil
-}
-
-// Copy src to this remote using server-side move operations.
-//
-// This is stored with the remote path given.
-//
-// It returns the destination Object and a possible error.
-//
-// Will only be called if src.Fs().Name() == f.Name()
-//
-// If it isn't possible then return fs.ErrorCantMove
-func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
-	srcObj, ok := src.(*Object)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, fs.ErrorCantMove
-	}
-
-	file, err := srcObj.Open(ctx)
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return uploadFile(ctx, f, file, remote)
-}
-
-// Check the interfaces are satisfied.
-var (
-	_ fs.Fs           = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Purger       = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.PublicLinker = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Object       = &Object{}
-	_ fs.Copier       = &Fs{}
-)
--- a/backend/imagekit/imagekit_test.go
+++ b/backend/imagekit/imagekit_test.go
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-package imagekit
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
-)
-
-func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
-	debug := true
-	fstest.Verbose = &debug
-	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
-		RemoteName:      "TestImageKit:",
-		NilObject:       (*Object)(nil),
-		SkipFsCheckWrap: true,
-	})
-}
--- a/backend/imagekit/util.go
+++ b/backend/imagekit/util.go
@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
-package imagekit
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/http"
-	"strconv"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/imagekit/client"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pacer"
-)
-
-func (f *Fs) getFiles(ctx context.Context, path string, includeVersions bool) (files []client.File, err error) {
-
-	files = make([]client.File, 0)
-
-	var hasMore = true
-
-	for hasMore {
-		err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-			var data *[]client.File
-			var res *http.Response
-			res, data, err = f.ik.Files(ctx, client.FilesOrFolderParam{
-				Skip:  len(files),
-				Limit: 100,
-				Path:  path,
-			}, includeVersions)
-
-			hasMore = !(len(*data) == 0 || len(*data) < 100)
-
-			if len(*data) > 0 {
-				files = append(files, *data...)
-			}
-
-			return f.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-		})
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return make([]client.File, 0), err
-	}
-
-	return files, nil
-}
-
-func (f *Fs) getFolders(ctx context.Context, path string) (folders []client.Folder, err error) {
-
-	folders = make([]client.Folder, 0)
-
-	var hasMore = true
-
-	for hasMore {
-		err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-			var data *[]client.Folder
-			var res *http.Response
-			res, data, err = f.ik.Folders(ctx, client.FilesOrFolderParam{
-				Skip:  len(folders),
-				Limit: 100,
-				Path:  path,
-			})
-
-			hasMore = !(len(*data) == 0 || len(*data) < 100)
-
-			if len(*data) > 0 {
-				folders = append(folders, *data...)
-			}
-
-			return f.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-		})
-	}
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return make([]client.Folder, 0), err
-	}
-
-	return folders, nil
-}
-
-func (f *Fs) getFileByName(ctx context.Context, path string, name string) (file *client.File) {
-
-	err := f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		res, data, err := f.ik.Files(ctx, client.FilesOrFolderParam{
-			Limit:       1,
-			Path:        path,
-			SearchQuery: fmt.Sprintf(`type = "file" AND name = %s`, strconv.Quote(name)),
-		}, false)
-
-		if len(*data) == 0 {
-			file = nil
-		} else {
-			file = &(*data)[0]
-		}
-
-		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return file
-}
-
-func (f *Fs) getFolderByName(ctx context.Context, path string, name string) (folder *client.Folder, err error) {
-	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		res, data, err := f.ik.Folders(ctx, client.FilesOrFolderParam{
-			Limit:       1,
-			Path:        path,
-			SearchQuery: fmt.Sprintf(`type = "folder" AND name = %s`, strconv.Quote(name)),
-		})
-
-		if len(*data) == 0 {
-			folder = nil
-		} else {
-			folder = &(*data)[0]
-		}
-
-		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return folder, nil
-}
-
-// retryErrorCodes is a slice of error codes that we will retry
-var retryErrorCodes = []int{
-	401, // Unauthorized (e.g. "Token has expired")
-	408, // Request Timeout
-	429, // Rate exceeded.
-	500, // Get occasional 500 Internal Server Error
-	503, // Service Unavailable
-	504, // Gateway Time-out
-}
-
-func shouldRetryHTTP(resp *http.Response, retryErrorCodes []int) bool {
-	if resp == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	for _, e := range retryErrorCodes {
-		if resp.StatusCode == e {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func (f *Fs) shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, err error) (bool, error) {
-	if fserrors.ContextError(ctx, &err) {
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	if resp != nil && (resp.StatusCode == 429 || resp.StatusCode == 503) {
-		var retryAfter = 1
-		retryAfterString := resp.Header.Get("X-RateLimit-Reset")
-		if retryAfterString != "" {
-			var err error
-			retryAfter, err = strconv.Atoi(retryAfterString)
-			if err != nil {
-				fs.Errorf(f, "Malformed %s header %q: %v", "X-RateLimit-Reset", retryAfterString, err)
-			}
-		}
-
-		return true, pacer.RetryAfterError(err, time.Duration(retryAfter)*time.Millisecond)
-	}
-
-	return fserrors.ShouldRetry(err) || shouldRetryHTTP(resp, retryErrorCodes), err
-}
-
-// EncodePath encapsulates the logic for encoding a path
-func (f *Fs) EncodePath(str string) string {
-	return f.opt.Enc.FromStandardPath(str)
-}
-
-// DecodePath encapsulates the logic for decoding a path
-func (f *Fs) DecodePath(str string) string {
-	return f.opt.Enc.ToStandardPath(str)
-}
-
-// EncodeFileName encapsulates the logic for encoding a file name
-func (f *Fs) EncodeFileName(str string) string {
-	return f.opt.Enc.FromStandardName(str)
-}
-
-// DecodeFileName encapsulates the logic for decoding a file name
-func (f *Fs) DecodeFileName(str string) string {
-	return f.opt.Enc.ToStandardName(str)
-}
--- a/backend/internetarchive/internetarchive.go
+++ b/backend/internetarchive/internetarchive.go
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		headers["x-archive-size-hint"] = fmt.Sprintf("%d", size)
 	}
 	var mdata fs.Metadata
-	mdata, err = fs.GetMetadataOptions(ctx, o.fs, src, options)
+	mdata, err = fs.GetMetadataOptions(ctx, src, options)
 	if err == nil && mdata != nil {
 		for mk, mv := range mdata {
 			mk = strings.ToLower(mk)
--- a/backend/jottacloud/api/types.go
+++ b/backend/jottacloud/api/types.go
@@ -395,7 +395,7 @@ type JottaFile struct {
 	State           string    `xml:"currentRevision>state"`
 	CreatedAt       JottaTime `xml:"currentRevision>created"`
 	ModifiedAt      JottaTime `xml:"currentRevision>modified"`
-	UpdatedAt       JottaTime `xml:"currentRevision>updated"`
+	Updated         JottaTime `xml:"currentRevision>updated"`
 	Size            int64     `xml:"currentRevision>size"`
 	MimeType        string    `xml:"currentRevision>mime"`
 	MD5             string    `xml:"currentRevision>md5"`
--- a/backend/jottacloud/jottacloud.go
+++ b/backend/jottacloud/jottacloud.go
@@ -67,13 +67,9 @@ const (
 	legacyEncryptedClientSecret = "Vp8eAv7eVElMnQwN-kgU9cbhgApNDaMqWdlDi5qFydlQoji4JBxrGMF2"
 	legacyConfigVersion         = 0

-	teliaseCloudTokenURL = "https://cloud-auth.telia.se/auth/realms/telia_se/protocol/openid-connect/token"
-	teliaseCloudAuthURL  = "https://cloud-auth.telia.se/auth/realms/telia_se/protocol/openid-connect/auth"
-	teliaseCloudClientID = "desktop"
-
-	telianoCloudTokenURL = "https://sky-auth.telia.no/auth/realms/get/protocol/openid-connect/token"
-	telianoCloudAuthURL  = "https://sky-auth.telia.no/auth/realms/get/protocol/openid-connect/auth"
-	telianoCloudClientID = "desktop"
+	teliaCloudTokenURL = "https://cloud-auth.telia.se/auth/realms/telia_se/protocol/openid-connect/token"
+	teliaCloudAuthURL  = "https://cloud-auth.telia.se/auth/realms/telia_se/protocol/openid-connect/auth"
+	teliaCloudClientID = "desktop"

 	tele2CloudTokenURL = "https://mittcloud-auth.tele2.se/auth/realms/comhem/protocol/openid-connect/token"
 	tele2CloudAuthURL  = "https://mittcloud-auth.tele2.se/auth/realms/comhem/protocol/openid-connect/auth"
@@ -92,33 +88,6 @@ func init() {
 		Description: "Jottacloud",
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
 		Config:      Config,
-		MetadataInfo: &fs.MetadataInfo{
-			Help: `Jottacloud has limited support for metadata, currently an extended set of timestamps.`,
-			System: map[string]fs.MetadataHelp{
-				"btime": {
-					Help:    "Time of file birth (creation), read from rclone metadata",
-					Type:    "RFC 3339",
-					Example: "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999999Z07:00",
-				},
-				"mtime": {
-					Help:    "Time of last modification, read from rclone metadata",
-					Type:    "RFC 3339",
-					Example: "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999999Z07:00",
-				},
-				"utime": {
-					Help:     "Time of last upload, when current revision was created, generated by backend",
-					Type:     "RFC 3339",
-					Example:  "2006-01-02T15:04:05.999999999Z07:00",
-					ReadOnly: true,
-				},
-				"content-type": {
-					Help:     "MIME type, also known as media type",
-					Type:     "string",
-					Example:  "text/plain",
-					ReadOnly: true,
-				},
-			},
-		},
 		Options: append(oauthutil.SharedOptions, []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "md5_memory_limit",
 			Help:     "Files bigger than this will be cached on disk to calculate the MD5 if required.",
@@ -169,11 +138,8 @@ func Config(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper, config fs.Conf
 			Value: "legacy",
 			Help:  "Legacy authentication.\nThis is only required for certain whitelabel versions of Jottacloud and not recommended for normal users.",
 		}, {
-			Value: "telia_se",
-			Help:  "Telia Cloud authentication.\nUse this if you are using Telia Cloud (Sweden).",
-		}, {
-			Value: "telia_no",
-			Help:  "Telia Sky authentication.\nUse this if you are using Telia Sky (Norway).",
+			Value: "telia",
+			Help:  "Telia Cloud authentication.\nUse this if you are using Telia Cloud.",
 		}, {
 			Value: "tele2",
 			Help:  "Tele2 Cloud authentication.\nUse this if you are using Tele2 Cloud.",
@@ -272,32 +238,17 @@ machines.`)
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error while saving token: %w", err)
 		}
 		return fs.ConfigGoto("choose_device")
-	case "telia_se": // telia_se cloud config
+	case "telia": // telia cloud config
 		m.Set("configVersion", fmt.Sprint(configVersion))
-		m.Set(configClientID, teliaseCloudClientID)
-		m.Set(configTokenURL, teliaseCloudTokenURL)
+		m.Set(configClientID, teliaCloudClientID)
+		m.Set(configTokenURL, teliaCloudTokenURL)
 		return oauthutil.ConfigOut("choose_device", &oauthutil.Options{
 			OAuth2Config: &oauth2.Config{
 				Endpoint: oauth2.Endpoint{
-					AuthURL:  teliaseCloudAuthURL,
-					TokenURL: teliaseCloudTokenURL,
+					AuthURL:  teliaCloudAuthURL,
+					TokenURL: teliaCloudTokenURL,
 				},
-				ClientID:    teliaseCloudClientID,
-				Scopes:      []string{"openid", "jotta-default", "offline_access"},
-				RedirectURL: oauthutil.RedirectLocalhostURL,
-			},
-		})
-	case "telia_no": // telia_no cloud config
-		m.Set("configVersion", fmt.Sprint(configVersion))
-		m.Set(configClientID, telianoCloudClientID)
-		m.Set(configTokenURL, telianoCloudTokenURL)
-		return oauthutil.ConfigOut("choose_device", &oauthutil.Options{
-			OAuth2Config: &oauth2.Config{
-				Endpoint: oauth2.Endpoint{
-					AuthURL:  telianoCloudAuthURL,
-					TokenURL: telianoCloudTokenURL,
-				},
-				ClientID:    telianoCloudClientID,
+				ClientID:    teliaCloudClientID,
 				Scopes:      []string{"openid", "jotta-default", "offline_access"},
 				RedirectURL: oauthutil.RedirectLocalhostURL,
 			},
@@ -524,9 +475,7 @@ type Object struct {
 	remote      string
 	hasMetaData bool
 	size        int64
-	createTime  time.Time
 	modTime     time.Time
-	updateTime  time.Time
 	md5         string
 	mimeType    string
 }
@@ -1001,9 +950,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		CanHaveEmptyDirectories: true,
 		ReadMimeType:            true,
 		WriteMimeType:           false,
-		ReadMetadata:            true,
-		WriteMetadata:           true,
-		UserMetadata:            false,
 	}).Fill(ctx, f)
 	f.jfsSrv.SetErrorHandler(errorHandler)
 	if opt.TrashedOnly { // we cannot support showing Trashed Files when using ListR right now
@@ -1190,7 +1136,6 @@ func parseListRStream(ctx context.Context, r io.Reader, filesystem *Fs, callback
 			remote:      filesystem.opt.Enc.ToStandardPath(path.Join(f.Path, f.Name)),
 			size:        f.Size,
 			md5:         f.Checksum,
-			createTime:  time.Time(f.Created),
 			modTime:     time.Time(f.Modified),
 		})
 	}
@@ -1420,7 +1365,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 // is currently in trash, but can be made to match, it will be
 // restored. Returns ErrorObjectNotFound if upload will be necessary
 // to get a matching remote file.
-func (f *Fs) createOrUpdate(ctx context.Context, file string, createTime time.Time, modTime time.Time, size int64, md5 string) (info *api.JottaFile, err error) {
+func (f *Fs) createOrUpdate(ctx context.Context, file string, modTime time.Time, size int64, md5 string) (info *api.JottaFile, err error) {
 	opts := rest.Opts{
 		Method:       "POST",
 		Path:         f.filePath(file),
@@ -1430,10 +1375,11 @@ func (f *Fs) createOrUpdate(ctx context.Context, file string, createTime time.Ti

 	opts.Parameters.Set("cphash", "true")

+	fileDate := api.JottaTime(modTime).String()
 	opts.ExtraHeaders["JSize"] = strconv.FormatInt(size, 10)
 	opts.ExtraHeaders["JMd5"] = md5
-	opts.ExtraHeaders["JCreated"] = api.JottaTime(createTime).String()
-	opts.ExtraHeaders["JModified"] = api.JottaTime(modTime).String()
+	opts.ExtraHeaders["JCreated"] = fileDate
+	opts.ExtraHeaders["JModified"] = fileDate

 	var resp *http.Response
 	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
@@ -1496,7 +1442,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 	// if destination was a trashed file then after a successful copy the copied file is still in trash (bug in api?)
 	if err == nil && bool(info.Deleted) && !f.opt.TrashedOnly && info.State == "COMPLETED" {
 		fs.Debugf(src, "Server-side copied to trashed destination, restoring")
-		info, err = f.createOrUpdate(ctx, remote, srcObj.createTime, srcObj.modTime, srcObj.size, srcObj.md5)
+		info, err = f.createOrUpdate(ctx, remote, srcObj.modTime, srcObj.size, srcObj.md5)
 	}

 	if err != nil {
@@ -1759,9 +1705,7 @@ func (o *Object) setMetaData(info *api.JottaFile) (err error) {
 	o.size = info.Size
 	o.md5 = info.MD5
 	o.mimeType = info.MimeType
-	o.createTime = time.Time(info.CreatedAt)
 	o.modTime = time.Time(info.ModifiedAt)
-	o.updateTime = time.Time(info.UpdatedAt)
 	return nil
 }

@@ -1806,7 +1750,7 @@ func (o *Object) SetModTime(ctx context.Context, modTime time.Time) error {
 	// (note that if size/md5 does not match, the file content will
 	// also be modified if deduplication is possible, i.e. it is
 	// important to use correct/latest values)
-	_, err = o.fs.createOrUpdate(ctx, o.remote, o.createTime, modTime, o.size, o.md5)
+	_, err = o.fs.createOrUpdate(ctx, o.remote, modTime, o.size, o.md5)
 	if err != nil {
 		if err == fs.ErrorObjectNotFound {
 			// file was modified (size/md5 changed) between readMetaData and createOrUpdate?
@@ -1943,37 +1887,6 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		// Wrap the accounting back onto the stream
 		in = wrap(in)
 	}
-	// Fetch metadata if --metadata is in use
-	meta, err := fs.GetMetadataOptions(ctx, o.fs, src, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read metadata from source object: %w", err)
-	}
-	var createdTime string
-	var modTime string
-	if meta != nil {
-		if v, ok := meta["btime"]; ok {
-			t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, v) // metadata stores RFC3339Nano timestamps
-			if err != nil {
-				fs.Debugf(o, "failed to parse metadata btime: %q: %v", v, err)
-			} else {
-				createdTime = api.Rfc3339Time(t).String() // jottacloud api wants RFC3339 timestamps
-			}
-		}
-		if v, ok := meta["mtime"]; ok {
-			t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, v)
-			if err != nil {
-				fs.Debugf(o, "failed to parse metadata mtime: %q: %v", v, err)
-			} else {
-				modTime = api.Rfc3339Time(t).String()
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	if modTime == "" { // prefer mtime in meta as Modified time, fallback to source ModTime
-		modTime = api.Rfc3339Time(src.ModTime(ctx)).String()
-	}
-	if createdTime == "" { // if no Created time set same as Modified
-		createdTime = modTime
-	}

 	// use the api to allocate the file first and get resume / deduplication info
 	var resp *http.Response
@@ -1983,12 +1896,13 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		Options:      options,
 		ExtraHeaders: make(map[string]string),
 	}
+	fileDate := api.Rfc3339Time(src.ModTime(ctx)).String()

 	// the allocate request
 	var request = api.AllocateFileRequest{
 		Bytes:    size,
-		Created:  createdTime,
-		Modified: modTime,
+		Created:  fileDate,
+		Modified: fileDate,
 		Md5:      md5String,
 		Path:     o.fs.allocatePathRaw(o.remote, true),
 	}
@@ -2003,10 +1917,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		return err
 	}

-	// If the file state is INCOMPLETE and CORRUPT, we must upload it.
-	// Else, if the file state is COMPLETE, we don't need to upload it because
-	// the content is already there, possibly it was created with deduplication,
-	// and also any metadata changes are already performed by the allocate request.
+	// If the file state is INCOMPLETE and CORRUPT, try to upload a then
 	if response.State != "COMPLETED" {
 		// how much do we still have to upload?
 		remainingBytes := size - response.ResumePos
@@ -2030,18 +1941,22 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 		}

 		// send the remaining bytes
-		_, err = o.fs.apiSrv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
+		resp, err = o.fs.apiSrv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

-		// Upload response contains main metadata properties (size, md5 and modTime)
-		// which could be set back to the object, but it does not contain the
-		// necessary information to set the createTime and updateTime properties,
-		// so must therefore perform a read instead.
+		// finally update the meta data
+		o.hasMetaData = true
+		o.size = result.Bytes
+		o.md5 = result.Md5
+		o.modTime = time.Unix(result.Modified/1000, 0)
+	} else {
+		// If the file state is COMPLETE we don't need to upload it because the file was already found but we still need to update our metadata
+		return o.readMetaData(ctx, true)
 	}
-	// in any case we must update the object meta data
-	return o.readMetaData(ctx, true)
+
+	return nil
 }

 func (o *Object) remove(ctx context.Context, hard bool) error {
@@ -2076,22 +1991,6 @@ func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return o.remove(ctx, o.fs.opt.HardDelete)
 }

-// Metadata returns metadata for an object
-//
-// It should return nil if there is no Metadata
-func (o *Object) Metadata(ctx context.Context) (metadata fs.Metadata, err error) {
-	err = o.readMetaData(ctx, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		fs.Logf(o, "Failed to read metadata: %v", err)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	metadata.Set("btime", o.createTime.Format(time.RFC3339Nano)) // metadata timestamps should be RFC3339Nano
-	metadata.Set("mtime", o.modTime.Format(time.RFC3339Nano))
-	metadata.Set("utime", o.updateTime.Format(time.RFC3339Nano))
-	metadata.Set("content-type", o.mimeType)
-	return metadata, nil
-}
-
 // Check the interfaces are satisfied
 var (
 	_ fs.Fs           = (*Fs)(nil)
@@ -2106,5 +2005,4 @@ var (
 	_ fs.CleanUpper   = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.Object       = (*Object)(nil)
 	_ fs.MimeTyper    = (*Object)(nil)
-	_ fs.Metadataer   = (*Object)(nil)
 )
--- a/backend/jottacloud/jottacloud_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/jottacloud/jottacloud_internal_test.go
@@ -1,17 +1,11 @@
 package jottacloud

 import (
-	"context"
 	"crypto/md5"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"testing"
-	"time"

-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/random"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/readers"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -46,48 +40,3 @@ func TestReadMD5(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
-
-func (f *Fs) InternalTestMetadata(t *testing.T) {
-	ctx := context.Background()
-	contents := random.String(1000)
-
-	item := fstest.NewItem("test-metadata", contents, fstest.Time("2001-05-06T04:05:06.499999999Z"))
-	utime := time.Now()
-	metadata := fs.Metadata{
-		"btime": "2009-05-06T04:05:06.499999999Z",
-		"mtime": "2010-06-07T08:09:07.599999999Z",
-		//"utime" - read-only
-		//"content-type" - read-only
-	}
-	obj := fstests.PutTestContentsMetadata(ctx, t, f, &item, contents, true, "text/html", metadata)
-	defer func() {
-		assert.NoError(t, obj.Remove(ctx))
-	}()
-	o := obj.(*Object)
-	gotMetadata, err := o.Metadata(ctx)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	for k, v := range metadata {
-		got := gotMetadata[k]
-		switch k {
-		case "btime":
-			assert.True(t, fstest.Time(v).Truncate(f.Precision()).Equal(fstest.Time(got)), fmt.Sprintf("btime not equal want %v got %v", v, got))
-		case "mtime":
-			assert.True(t, fstest.Time(v).Truncate(f.Precision()).Equal(fstest.Time(got)), fmt.Sprintf("btime not equal want %v got %v", v, got))
-		case "utime":
-			gotUtime := fstest.Time(got)
-			dt := gotUtime.Sub(utime)
-			assert.True(t, dt < time.Minute && dt > -time.Minute, fmt.Sprintf("utime more than 1 minute out want %v got %v delta %v", utime, gotUtime, dt))
-			assert.True(t, fstest.Time(v).Equal(fstest.Time(got)))
-		case "content-type":
-			assert.True(t, o.MimeType(ctx) == got)
-		default:
-			assert.Equal(t, v, got, k)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (f *Fs) InternalTest(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Run("Metadata", f.InternalTestMetadata)
-}
-
-var _ fstests.InternalTester = (*Fs)(nil)
--- a/backend/linkbox/linkbox.go
+++ b/backend/linkbox/linkbox.go
@@ -1,897 +0,0 @@
-// Package linkbox provides an interface to the linkbox.to Cloud storage system.
-//
-// API docs: https://www.linkbox.to/api-docs
-package linkbox
-
-/*
-   Extras
-   - PublicLink - NO - sharing doesn't share the actual file, only a page with it on
-   - Move - YES - have Move and Rename file APIs so is possible
-   - MoveDir - NO - probably not possible - have Move but no Rename
-*/
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"crypto/md5"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/url"
-	"path"
-	"regexp"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configmap"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configstruct"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fshttp"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/dircache"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pacer"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/rest"
-)
-
-const (
-	maxEntitiesPerPage = 1024
-	minSleep           = 200 * time.Millisecond
-	maxSleep           = 2 * time.Second
-	pacerBurst         = 1
-	linkboxAPIURL      = "https://www.linkbox.to/api/open/"
-	rootID             = "0" // ID of root directory
-)
-
-func init() {
-	fsi := &fs.RegInfo{
-		Name:        "linkbox",
-		Description: "Linkbox",
-		NewFs:       NewFs,
-		Options: []fs.Option{{
-			Name:      "token",
-			Help:      "Token from https://www.linkbox.to/admin/account",
-			Sensitive: true,
-			Required:  true,
-		}},
-	}
-	fs.Register(fsi)
-}
-
-// Options defines the configuration for this backend
-type Options struct {
-	Token string `config:"token"`
-}
-
-// Fs stores the interface to the remote Linkbox files
-type Fs struct {
-	name     string
-	root     string
-	opt      Options            // options for this backend
-	features *fs.Features       // optional features
-	ci       *fs.ConfigInfo     // global config
-	srv      *rest.Client       // the connection to the server
-	dirCache *dircache.DirCache // Map of directory path to directory id
-	pacer    *fs.Pacer
-}
-
-// Object is a remote object that has been stat'd (so it exists, but is not necessarily open for reading)
-type Object struct {
-	fs          *Fs
-	remote      string
-	size        int64
-	modTime     time.Time
-	contentType string
-	fullURL     string
-	dirID       int64
-	itemID      string // and these IDs are for files
-	id          int64  // these IDs appear to apply to directories
-	isDir       bool
-}
-
-// NewFs creates a new Fs object from the name and root. It connects to
-// the host specified in the config file.
-func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, error) {
-	root = strings.Trim(root, "/")
-	// Parse config into Options struct
-
-	opt := new(Options)
-	err := configstruct.Set(m, opt)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)
-
-	f := &Fs{
-		name: name,
-		opt:  *opt,
-		root: root,
-		ci:   ci,
-		srv:  rest.NewClient(fshttp.NewClient(ctx)),
-
-		pacer: fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep))),
-	}
-	f.dirCache = dircache.New(root, rootID, f)
-
-	f.features = (&fs.Features{
-		CanHaveEmptyDirectories: true,
-		CaseInsensitive:         true,
-	}).Fill(ctx, f)
-
-	// Find the current root
-	err = f.dirCache.FindRoot(ctx, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		// Assume it is a file
-		newRoot, remote := dircache.SplitPath(root)
-		tempF := *f
-		tempF.dirCache = dircache.New(newRoot, rootID, &tempF)
-		tempF.root = newRoot
-		// Make new Fs which is the parent
-		err = tempF.dirCache.FindRoot(ctx, false)
-		if err != nil {
-			// No root so return old f
-			return f, nil
-		}
-		_, err := tempF.NewObject(ctx, remote)
-		if err != nil {
-			if err == fs.ErrorObjectNotFound {
-				// File doesn't exist so return old f
-				return f, nil
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		f.features.Fill(ctx, &tempF)
-		// XXX: update the old f here instead of returning tempF, since
-		// `features` were already filled with functions having *f as a receiver.
-		// See https://github.com/rclone/rclone/issues/2182
-		f.dirCache = tempF.dirCache
-		f.root = tempF.root
-		// return an error with an fs which points to the parent
-		return f, fs.ErrorIsFile
-	}
-	return f, nil
-}
-
-type entity struct {
-	Type   string `json:"type"`
-	Name   string `json:"name"`
-	URL    string `json:"url"`
-	Ctime  int64  `json:"ctime"`
-	Size   int64  `json:"size"`
-	ID     int64  `json:"id"`
-	Pid    int64  `json:"pid"`
-	ItemID string `json:"item_id"`
-}
-
-// Return true if the entity is a directory
-func (e *entity) isDir() bool {
-	return e.Type == "dir" || e.Type == "sdir"
-}
-
-type data struct {
-	Entities []entity `json:"list"`
-}
-type fileSearchRes struct {
-	response
-	SearchData data `json:"data"`
-}
-
-// Set an object info from an entity
-func (o *Object) set(e *entity) {
-	o.modTime = time.Unix(e.Ctime, 0)
-	o.contentType = e.Type
-	o.size = e.Size
-	o.fullURL = e.URL
-	o.isDir = e.isDir()
-	o.id = e.ID
-	o.itemID = e.ItemID
-	o.dirID = e.Pid
-}
-
-// Call linkbox with the query in opts and return result
-//
-// This will be checked for error and an error will be returned if Status != 1
-func getUnmarshaledResponse(ctx context.Context, f *Fs, opts *rest.Opts, result interface{}) error {
-	err := f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		resp, err := f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, opts, nil, &result)
-		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	responser := result.(responser)
-	if responser.IsError() {
-		return responser
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// list the objects into the function supplied
-//
-// If directories is set it only sends directories
-// User function to process a File item from listAll
-//
-// Should return true to finish processing
-type listAllFn func(*entity) bool
-
-// Search is a bit fussy about which characters match
-//
-// If the name doesn't match this then do an dir list instead
-var searchOK = regexp.MustCompile(`^[a-zA-Z0-9_ .]+$`)
-
-// Lists the directory required calling the user function on each item found
-//
-// If the user fn ever returns true then it early exits with found = true
-//
-// If you set name then search ignores dirID. name is a substring
-// search also so name="dir" matches "sub dir" also. This filters it
-// down so it only returns items in dirID
-func (f *Fs) listAll(ctx context.Context, dirID string, name string, fn listAllFn) (found bool, err error) {
-	var (
-		pageNumber       = 0
-		numberOfEntities = maxEntitiesPerPage
-	)
-	name = strings.TrimSpace(name) // search doesn't like spaces
-	if !searchOK.MatchString(name) {
-		// If name isn't good then do an unbounded search
-		name = ""
-	}
-OUTER:
-	for numberOfEntities == maxEntitiesPerPage {
-		pageNumber++
-		opts := &rest.Opts{
-			Method:  "GET",
-			RootURL: linkboxAPIURL,
-			Path:    "file_search",
-			Parameters: url.Values{
-				"token":    {f.opt.Token},
-				"name":     {name},
-				"pid":      {dirID},
-				"pageNo":   {itoa(pageNumber)},
-				"pageSize": {itoa64(maxEntitiesPerPage)},
-			},
-		}
-
-		var responseResult fileSearchRes
-		err = getUnmarshaledResponse(ctx, f, opts, &responseResult)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, fmt.Errorf("getting files failed: %w", err)
-
-		}
-
-		numberOfEntities = len(responseResult.SearchData.Entities)
-
-		for _, entity := range responseResult.SearchData.Entities {
-			if itoa64(entity.Pid) != dirID {
-				// when name != "" this returns from all directories, so ignore not this one
-				continue
-			}
-			if fn(&entity) {
-				found = true
-				break OUTER
-			}
-		}
-		if pageNumber > 100000 {
-			return false, fmt.Errorf("too many results")
-		}
-	}
-	return found, nil
-}
-
-// Turn 64 bit int to string
-func itoa64(i int64) string {
-	return strconv.FormatInt(i, 10)
-}
-
-// Turn int to string
-func itoa(i int) string {
-	return itoa64(int64(i))
-}
-
-func splitDirAndName(remote string) (dir string, name string) {
-	lastSlashPosition := strings.LastIndex(remote, "/")
-	if lastSlashPosition == -1 {
-		dir = ""
-		name = remote
-	} else {
-		dir = remote[:lastSlashPosition]
-		name = remote[lastSlashPosition+1:]
-	}
-
-	// fs.Debugf(nil, "splitDirAndName remote = {%s}, dir = {%s}, name = {%s}", remote, dir, name)
-
-	return dir, name
-}
-
-// FindLeaf finds a directory of name leaf in the folder with ID directoryID
-func (f *Fs) FindLeaf(ctx context.Context, directoryID, leaf string) (directoryIDOut string, found bool, err error) {
-	// Find the leaf in directoryID
-	found, err = f.listAll(ctx, directoryID, leaf, func(entity *entity) bool {
-		if entity.isDir() && strings.EqualFold(entity.Name, leaf) {
-			directoryIDOut = itoa64(entity.ID)
-			return true
-		}
-		return false
-	})
-	return directoryIDOut, found, err
-}
-
-// Returned from "folder_create"
-type folderCreateRes struct {
-	response
-	Data struct {
-		DirID int64 `json:"dirId"`
-	} `json:"data"`
-}
-
-// CreateDir makes a directory with dirID as parent and name leaf
-func (f *Fs) CreateDir(ctx context.Context, dirID, leaf string) (newID string, err error) {
-	// fs.Debugf(f, "CreateDir(%q, %q)\n", dirID, leaf)
-	opts := &rest.Opts{
-		Method:  "GET",
-		RootURL: linkboxAPIURL,
-		Path:    "folder_create",
-		Parameters: url.Values{
-			"token":       {f.opt.Token},
-			"name":        {leaf},
-			"pid":         {dirID},
-			"isShare":     {"0"},
-			"canInvite":   {"1"},
-			"canShare":    {"1"},
-			"withBodyImg": {"1"},
-			"desc":        {""},
-		},
-	}
-
-	response := folderCreateRes{}
-	err = getUnmarshaledResponse(ctx, f, opts, &response)
-	if err != nil {
-		// response status 1501 means that directory already exists
-		if response.Status == 1501 {
-			return newID, fmt.Errorf("couldn't find already created directory: %w", fs.ErrorDirNotFound)
-		}
-		return newID, fmt.Errorf("CreateDir failed: %w", err)
-
-	}
-	if response.Data.DirID == 0 {
-		return newID, fmt.Errorf("API returned 0 for ID of newly created directory")
-	}
-	return itoa64(response.Data.DirID), nil
-}
-
-// List the objects and directories in dir into entries.  The
-// entries can be returned in any order but should be for a
-// complete directory.
-//
-// dir should be "" to list the root, and should not have
-// trailing slashes.
-//
-// This should return ErrDirNotFound if the directory isn't
-// found.
-func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err error) {
-	// fs.Debugf(f, "List method dir = {%s}", dir)
-	directoryID, err := f.dirCache.FindDir(ctx, dir, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	_, err = f.listAll(ctx, directoryID, "", func(entity *entity) bool {
-		remote := path.Join(dir, entity.Name)
-		if entity.isDir() {
-			id := itoa64(entity.ID)
-			modTime := time.Unix(entity.Ctime, 0)
-			d := fs.NewDir(remote, modTime).SetID(id).SetParentID(itoa64(entity.Pid))
-			entries = append(entries, d)
-			// cache the directory ID for later lookups
-			f.dirCache.Put(remote, id)
-		} else {
-			o := &Object{
-				fs:     f,
-				remote: remote,
-			}
-			o.set(entity)
-			entries = append(entries, o)
-		}
-		return false
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return entries, nil
-}
-
-// get an entity with leaf from dirID
-func getEntity(ctx context.Context, f *Fs, leaf string, directoryID string, token string) (*entity, error) {
-	var result *entity
-	var resultErr = fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
-	_, err := f.listAll(ctx, directoryID, leaf, func(entity *entity) bool {
-		if strings.EqualFold(entity.Name, leaf) {
-			// fs.Debugf(f, "getObject found entity.Name {%s} name {%s}", entity.Name, name)
-			if entity.isDir() {
-				result = nil
-				resultErr = fs.ErrorIsDir
-			} else {
-				result = entity
-				resultErr = nil
-			}
-			return true
-		}
-		return false
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return result, resultErr
-}
-
-// NewObject finds the Object at remote.  If it can't be found
-// it returns the error ErrorObjectNotFound.
-//
-// If remote points to a directory then it should return
-// ErrorIsDir if possible without doing any extra work,
-// otherwise ErrorObjectNotFound.
-func (f *Fs) NewObject(ctx context.Context, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
-	leaf, dirID, err := f.dirCache.FindPath(ctx, remote, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == fs.ErrorDirNotFound {
-			return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
-		}
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	entity, err := getEntity(ctx, f, leaf, dirID, f.opt.Token)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	o := &Object{
-		fs:     f,
-		remote: remote,
-	}
-	o.set(entity)
-	return o, nil
-}
-
-// Mkdir makes the directory (container, bucket)
-//
-// Shouldn't return an error if it already exists
-func (f *Fs) Mkdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
-	_, err := f.dirCache.FindDir(ctx, dir, true)
-	return err
-}
-
-func (f *Fs) purgeCheck(ctx context.Context, dir string, check bool) error {
-	if check {
-		entries, err := f.List(ctx, dir)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if len(entries) != 0 {
-			return fs.ErrorDirectoryNotEmpty
-		}
-	}
-
-	directoryID, err := f.dirCache.FindDir(ctx, dir, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	opts := &rest.Opts{
-		Method:  "GET",
-		RootURL: linkboxAPIURL,
-		Path:    "folder_del",
-		Parameters: url.Values{
-			"token":  {f.opt.Token},
-			"dirIds": {directoryID},
-		},
-	}
-
-	response := response{}
-	err = getUnmarshaledResponse(ctx, f, opts, &response)
-	if err != nil {
-		// Linkbox has some odd error returns here
-		if response.Status == 403 || response.Status == 500 {
-			return fs.ErrorDirNotFound
-		}
-		return fmt.Errorf("purge error: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	f.dirCache.FlushDir(dir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Rmdir removes the directory (container, bucket) if empty
-//
-// Return an error if it doesn't exist or isn't empty
-func (f *Fs) Rmdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
-	return f.purgeCheck(ctx, dir, true)
-}
-
-// SetModTime sets modTime on a particular file
-func (o *Object) SetModTime(ctx context.Context, modTime time.Time) error {
-	return fs.ErrorCantSetModTime
-}
-
-// Open opens the file for read.  Call Close() on the returned io.ReadCloser
-func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-	var res *http.Response
-	downloadURL := o.fullURL
-	if downloadURL == "" {
-		_, name := splitDirAndName(o.Remote())
-		newObject, err := getEntity(ctx, o.fs, name, itoa64(o.dirID), o.fs.opt.Token)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if newObject == nil {
-			// fs.Debugf(o.fs, "Open entity is empty: name = {%s}", name)
-			return nil, fs.ErrorObjectNotFound
-		}
-
-		downloadURL = newObject.URL
-	}
-
-	opts := &rest.Opts{
-		Method:  "GET",
-		RootURL: downloadURL,
-		Options: options,
-	}
-
-	err := o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		var err error
-		res, err = o.fs.srv.Call(ctx, opts)
-		return o.fs.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Open failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	return res.Body, nil
-}
-
-// Update in to the object with the modTime given of the given size
-//
-// When called from outside an Fs by rclone, src.Size() will always be >= 0.
-// But for unknown-sized objects (indicated by src.Size() == -1), Upload should either
-// return an error or update the object properly (rather than e.g. calling panic).
-func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (err error) {
-	size := src.Size()
-	if size == 0 {
-		return fs.ErrorCantUploadEmptyFiles
-	} else if size < 0 {
-		return fmt.Errorf("can't upload files of unknown length")
-	}
-
-	remote := o.Remote()
-
-	// remove the file if it exists
-	if o.itemID != "" {
-		fs.Debugf(o, "Update: removing old file")
-		err = o.Remove(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			fs.Errorf(o, "Update: failed to remove existing file: %v", err)
-		}
-		o.itemID = ""
-	} else {
-		tmpObject, err := o.fs.NewObject(ctx, remote)
-		if err == nil {
-			fs.Debugf(o, "Update: removing old file")
-			err = tmpObject.Remove(ctx)
-			if err != nil {
-				fs.Errorf(o, "Update: failed to remove existing file: %v", err)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	first10m := io.LimitReader(in, 10_485_760)
-	first10mBytes, err := io.ReadAll(first10m)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Update err in reading file: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// get upload authorization (step 1)
-	opts := &rest.Opts{
-		Method:  "GET",
-		RootURL: linkboxAPIURL,
-		Path:    "get_upload_url",
-		Options: options,
-		Parameters: url.Values{
-			"token":           {o.fs.opt.Token},
-			"fileMd5ofPre10m": {fmt.Sprintf("%x", md5.Sum(first10mBytes))},
-			"fileSize":        {itoa64(size)},
-		},
-	}
-
-	getFirstStepResult := getUploadURLResponse{}
-	err = getUnmarshaledResponse(ctx, o.fs, opts, &getFirstStepResult)
-	if err != nil {
-		if getFirstStepResult.Status != 600 {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Update err in unmarshaling response: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	switch getFirstStepResult.Status {
-	case 1:
-		// upload file using link from first step
-		var res *http.Response
-
-		file := io.MultiReader(bytes.NewReader(first10mBytes), in)
-
-		opts := &rest.Opts{
-			Method:        "PUT",
-			RootURL:       getFirstStepResult.Data.SignURL,
-			Options:       options,
-			Body:          file,
-			ContentLength: &size,
-		}
-
-		err = o.fs.pacer.CallNoRetry(func() (bool, error) {
-			res, err = o.fs.srv.Call(ctx, opts)
-			return o.fs.shouldRetry(ctx, res, err)
-		})
-
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("update err in uploading file: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		_, err = io.ReadAll(res.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("update err in reading response: %w", err)
-		}
-
-	case 600:
-		// Status means that we don't need to upload file
-		// We need only to make second step
-	default:
-		return fmt.Errorf("got unexpected message from Linkbox: %s", getFirstStepResult.Message)
-	}
-
-	leaf, dirID, err := o.fs.dirCache.FindPath(ctx, remote, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// create file item at Linkbox (second step)
-	opts = &rest.Opts{
-		Method:  "GET",
-		RootURL: linkboxAPIURL,
-		Path:    "folder_upload_file",
-		Options: options,
-		Parameters: url.Values{
-			"token":           {o.fs.opt.Token},
-			"fileMd5ofPre10m": {fmt.Sprintf("%x", md5.Sum(first10mBytes))},
-			"fileSize":        {itoa64(size)},
-			"pid":             {dirID},
-			"diyName":         {leaf},
-		},
-	}
-
-	getSecondStepResult := getUploadURLResponse{}
-	err = getUnmarshaledResponse(ctx, o.fs, opts, &getSecondStepResult)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("Update second step failed: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	// Try a few times to read the object after upload for eventual consistency
-	const maxTries = 10
-	var sleepTime = 100 * time.Millisecond
-	var entity *entity
-	for try := 1; try <= maxTries; try++ {
-		entity, err = getEntity(ctx, o.fs, leaf, dirID, o.fs.opt.Token)
-		if err == nil {
-			break
-		}
-		if err != fs.ErrorObjectNotFound {
-			return fmt.Errorf("Update failed to read object: %w", err)
-		}
-		fs.Debugf(o, "Trying to read object after upload: try again in %v (%d/%d)", sleepTime, try, maxTries)
-		time.Sleep(sleepTime)
-		sleepTime *= 2
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	o.set(entity)
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Remove this object
-func (o *Object) Remove(ctx context.Context) error {
-	opts := &rest.Opts{
-		Method:  "GET",
-		RootURL: linkboxAPIURL,
-		Path:    "file_del",
-		Parameters: url.Values{
-			"token":   {o.fs.opt.Token},
-			"itemIds": {o.itemID},
-		},
-	}
-	requestResult := getUploadURLResponse{}
-	err := getUnmarshaledResponse(ctx, o.fs, opts, &requestResult)
-	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("could not Remove: %w", err)
-
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// ModTime returns the modification time of the remote http file
-func (o *Object) ModTime(ctx context.Context) time.Time {
-	return o.modTime
-}
-
-// Remote the name of the remote HTTP file, relative to the fs root
-func (o *Object) Remote() string {
-	return o.remote
-}
-
-// Size returns the size in bytes of the remote http file
-func (o *Object) Size() int64 {
-	return o.size
-}
-
-// String returns the URL to the remote HTTP file
-func (o *Object) String() string {
-	if o == nil {
-		return "<nil>"
-	}
-	return o.remote
-}
-
-// Fs is the filesystem this remote http file object is located within
-func (o *Object) Fs() fs.Info {
-	return o.fs
-}
-
-// Hash returns "" since HTTP (in Go or OpenSSH) doesn't support remote calculation of hashes
-func (o *Object) Hash(ctx context.Context, r hash.Type) (string, error) {
-	return "", hash.ErrUnsupported
-}
-
-// Storable returns whether the remote http file is a regular file
-// (not a directory, symbolic link, block device, character device, named pipe, etc.)
-func (o *Object) Storable() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-// Features returns the optional features of this Fs
-// Info provides a read only interface to information about a filesystem.
-func (f *Fs) Features() *fs.Features {
-	return f.features
-}
-
-// Name of the remote (as passed into NewFs)
-// Name returns the configured name of the file system
-func (f *Fs) Name() string {
-	return f.name
-}
-
-// Root of the remote (as passed into NewFs)
-func (f *Fs) Root() string {
-	return f.root
-}
-
-// String returns a description of the FS
-func (f *Fs) String() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("Linkbox root '%s'", f.root)
-}
-
-// Precision of the ModTimes in this Fs
-func (f *Fs) Precision() time.Duration {
-	return fs.ModTimeNotSupported
-}
-
-// Hashes returns hash.HashNone to indicate remote hashing is unavailable
-// Returns the supported hash types of the filesystem
-func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set {
-	return hash.Set(hash.None)
-}
-
-/*
-	{
-	  "data": {
-	    "signUrl": "http://xx -- Then CURL PUT your file with sign url "
-	  },
-	  "msg": "please use this url to upload (PUT method)",
-	  "status": 1
-	}
-*/
-
-// All messages have these items
-type response struct {
-	Message string `json:"msg"`
-	Status  int    `json:"status"`
-}
-
-// IsError returns whether response represents an error
-func (r *response) IsError() bool {
-	return r.Status != 1
-}
-
-// Error returns the error state of this response
-func (r *response) Error() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("Linkbox error %d: %s", r.Status, r.Message)
-}
-
-// responser is interface covering the response so we can use it when it is embedded.
-type responser interface {
-	IsError() bool
-	Error() string
-}
-
-type getUploadURLData struct {
-	SignURL string `json:"signUrl"`
-}
-
-type getUploadURLResponse struct {
-	response
-	Data getUploadURLData `json:"data"`
-}
-
-// Put in to the remote path with the modTime given of the given size
-//
-// When called from outside an Fs by rclone, src.Size() will always be >= 0.
-// But for unknown-sized objects (indicated by src.Size() == -1), Put should either
-// return an error or upload it properly (rather than e.g. calling panic).
-//
-// May create the object even if it returns an error - if so
-// will return the object and the error, otherwise will return
-// nil and the error
-func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
-	o := &Object{
-		fs:     f,
-		remote: src.Remote(),
-		size:   src.Size(),
-	}
-	dir, _ := splitDirAndName(src.Remote())
-	err := f.Mkdir(ctx, dir)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	err = o.Update(ctx, in, src, options...)
-	return o, err
-}
-
-// Purge all files in the directory specified
-//
-// Implement this if you have a way of deleting all the files
-// quicker than just running Remove() on the result of List()
-//
-// Return an error if it doesn't exist
-func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
-	return f.purgeCheck(ctx, dir, false)
-}
-
-// retryErrorCodes is a slice of error codes that we will retry
-var retryErrorCodes = []int{
-	429, // Too Many Requests.
-	500, // Internal Server Error
-	502, // Bad Gateway
-	503, // Service Unavailable
-	504, // Gateway Timeout
-	509, // Bandwidth Limit Exceeded
-}
-
-// shouldRetry determines whether a given err rates being retried
-func (f *Fs) shouldRetry(ctx context.Context, resp *http.Response, err error) (bool, error) {
-	if fserrors.ContextError(ctx, &err) {
-		return false, err
-	}
-	return fserrors.ShouldRetry(err) || fserrors.ShouldRetryHTTP(resp, retryErrorCodes), err
-}
-
-// DirCacheFlush resets the directory cache - used in testing as an
-// optional interface
-func (f *Fs) DirCacheFlush() {
-	f.dirCache.ResetRoot()
-}
-
-// Check the interfaces are satisfied
-var (
-	_ fs.Fs              = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Purger          = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.DirCacheFlusher = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Object          = &Object{}
-)
--- a/backend/linkbox/linkbox_test.go
+++ b/backend/linkbox/linkbox_test.go
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-// Test Linkbox filesystem interface
-package linkbox_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/linkbox"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
-)
-
-// TestIntegration runs integration tests against the remote
-func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
-	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
-		RemoteName: "TestLinkbox:",
-		NilObject:  (*linkbox.Object)(nil),
-	})
-}
--- a/backend/local/local.go
+++ b/backend/local/local.go
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 	"unicode/utf8"

@@ -146,11 +145,6 @@ time we:
 - Only checksum the size that stat gave
 - Don't update the stat info for the file

-**NB** do not use this flag on a Windows Volume Shadow (VSS). For some
-unknown reason, files in a VSS sometimes show different sizes from the
-directory listing (where the initial stat value comes from on Windows)
-and when stat is called on them directly. Other copy tools always use
-the direct stat value and setting this flag will disable that.
 `,
 			Default:  false,
 			Advanced: true,
@@ -249,7 +243,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	precision      time.Duration       // precision of local filesystem
 	warnedMu       sync.Mutex          // used for locking access to 'warned'.
 	warned         map[string]struct{} // whether we have warned about this string
-	xattrSupported atomic.Int32        // whether xattrs are supported
+	xattrSupported int32               // whether xattrs are supported (atomic access)

 	// do os.Lstat or os.Stat
 	lstat        func(name string) (os.FileInfo, error)
@@ -297,7 +291,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		lstat:  os.Lstat,
 	}
 	if xattrSupported {
-		f.xattrSupported.Store(1)
+		f.xattrSupported = 1
 	}
 	f.root = cleanRootPath(root, f.opt.NoUNC, f.opt.Enc)
 	f.features = (&fs.Features{
@@ -647,13 +641,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Mkdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 //
 // If it isn't empty it will return an error
 func (f *Fs) Rmdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
-	localPath := f.localPath(dir)
-	if fi, err := os.Stat(localPath); err != nil {
-		return err
-	} else if !fi.IsDir() {
-		return fs.ErrorIsFile
-	}
-	return os.Remove(localPath)
+	return os.Remove(f.localPath(dir))
 }

 // Precision of the file system
@@ -1128,12 +1116,6 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (in io.Read
 		}
 	}

-	// Update the file info before we start reading
-	err = o.lstat()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
 	// If not checking updated then limit to current size.  This means if
 	// file is being extended, readers will read a o.Size() bytes rather
 	// than the new size making for a consistent upload.
@@ -1298,7 +1280,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	}

 	// Fetch and set metadata if --metadata is in use
-	meta, err := fs.GetMetadataOptions(ctx, o.fs, src, options)
+	meta, err := fs.GetMetadataOptions(ctx, src, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read metadata from source object: %w", err)
 	}
--- a/backend/local/xattr.go
+++ b/backend/local/xattr.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package local
 import (
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"syscall"

 	"github.com/pkg/xattr"
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ func (f *Fs) xattrIsNotSupported(err error) bool {
 	// Xattrs not supported can be ENOTSUP or ENOATTR or EINVAL (on Solaris)
 	if xattrErr.Err == syscall.EINVAL || xattrErr.Err == syscall.ENOTSUP || xattrErr.Err == xattr.ENOATTR {
 		// Show xattrs not supported
-		if f.xattrSupported.CompareAndSwap(1, 0) {
+		if atomic.CompareAndSwapInt32(&f.xattrSupported, 1, 0) {
 			fs.Errorf(f, "xattrs not supported - disabling: %v", err)
 		}
 		return true
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ func (f *Fs) xattrIsNotSupported(err error) bool {
 // It doesn't return any attributes owned by this backend in
 // metadataKeys
 func (o *Object) getXattr() (metadata fs.Metadata, err error) {
-	if !xattrSupported || o.fs.xattrSupported.Load() == 0 {
+	if !xattrSupported || atomic.LoadInt32(&o.fs.xattrSupported) == 0 {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 	var list []string
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ func (o *Object) getXattr() (metadata fs.Metadata, err error) {
 //
 // It doesn't set any attributes owned by this backend in metadataKeys
 func (o *Object) setXattr(metadata fs.Metadata) (err error) {
-	if !xattrSupported || o.fs.xattrSupported.Load() == 0 {
+	if !xattrSupported || atomic.LoadInt32(&o.fs.xattrSupported) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 	for k, value := range metadata {
--- a/backend/mega/mega.go
+++ b/backend/mega/mega.go
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	}
 	ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)

-	// cache *mega.Mega on username so we can reuse and share
+	// cache *mega.Mega on username so we can re-use and share
 	// them between remotes.  They are expensive to make as they
 	// contain all the objects and sharing the objects makes the
 	// move code easier as we don't have to worry about mixing
--- a/backend/onedrive/api/types.go
+++ b/backend/onedrive/api/types.go
@@ -99,16 +99,6 @@ type ItemReference struct {
 	DriveType string `json:"driveType"` // Type of the drive,	Read-Only
 }

-// GetID returns a normalized ID of the item
-// If DriveID is known it will be prefixed to the ID with # separator
-// Can be parsed using onedrive.parseNormalizedID(normalizedID)
-func (i *ItemReference) GetID() string {
-	if !strings.Contains(i.ID, "#") {
-		return i.DriveID + "#" + i.ID
-	}
-	return i.ID
-}
-
 // RemoteItemFacet groups data needed to reference a OneDrive remote item
 type RemoteItemFacet struct {
 	ID                   string               `json:"id"`                   // The unique identifier of the item within the remote Drive. Read-only.
@@ -195,8 +185,8 @@ type Item struct {
 	Deleted *DeletedFacet `json:"deleted"` // Information about the deleted state of the item. Read-only.
 }

-// DeltaResponse is the response to the view delta method
-type DeltaResponse struct {
+// ViewDeltaResponse is the response to the view delta method
+type ViewDeltaResponse struct {
 	Value      []Item `json:"value"`            // An array of Item objects which have been created, modified, or deleted.
 	NextLink   string `json:"@odata.nextLink"`  // A URL to retrieve the next available page of changes.
 	DeltaLink  string `json:"@odata.deltaLink"` // A URL returned instead of @odata.nextLink after all current changes have been returned. Used to read the next set of changes in the future.
@@ -448,27 +438,3 @@ type Version struct {
 type VersionsResponse struct {
 	Versions []Version `json:"value"`
 }
-
-// DriveResource is returned from /me/drive
-type DriveResource struct {
-	DriveID   string `json:"id"`
-	DriveName string `json:"name"`
-	DriveType string `json:"driveType"`
-}
-
-// DrivesResponse is returned from /sites/{siteID}/drives",
-type DrivesResponse struct {
-	Drives []DriveResource `json:"value"`
-}
-
-// SiteResource is part of the response from from "/sites/root:"
-type SiteResource struct {
-	SiteID   string `json:"id"`
-	SiteName string `json:"displayName"`
-	SiteURL  string `json:"webUrl"`
-}
-
-// SiteResponse is returned from "/sites/root:"
-type SiteResponse struct {
-	Sites []SiteResource `json:"value"`
-}
--- a/backend/onedrive/onedrive.go
+++ b/backend/onedrive/onedrive.go
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/configstruct"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/obscure"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fserrors"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/fshttp"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/operations"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/walk"
@@ -325,37 +324,6 @@ the --onedrive-av-override flag, or av_override = true in the config
 file.
 `,
 			Advanced: true,
-		}, {
-			Name:    "delta",
-			Default: false,
-			Help: strings.ReplaceAll(`If set rclone will use delta listing to implement recursive listings.
-
-If this flag is set the the onedrive backend will advertise |ListR|
-support for recursive listings.
-
-Setting this flag speeds up these things greatly:
-
-    rclone lsf -R onedrive:
-    rclone size onedrive:
-    rclone rc vfs/refresh recursive=true
-
-**However** the delta listing API **only** works at the root of the
-drive. If you use it not at the root then it recurses from the root
-and discards all the data that is not under the directory you asked
-for. So it will be correct but may not be very efficient.
-
-This is why this flag is not set as the default.
-
-As a rule of thumb if nearly all of your data is under rclone's root
-directory (the |root/directory| in |onedrive:root/directory|) then
-using this flag will be be a big performance win. If your data is
-mostly not under the root then using this flag will be a big
-performance loss.
-
-It is recommended if you are mounting your onedrive at the root
-(or near the root when using crypt) and using rclone |rc vfs/refresh|.
-`, "|", "`"),
-			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
 			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
@@ -403,6 +371,28 @@ It is recommended if you are mounting your onedrive at the root
 	})
 }

+type driveResource struct {
+	DriveID   string `json:"id"`
+	DriveName string `json:"name"`
+	DriveType string `json:"driveType"`
+}
+type drivesResponse struct {
+	Drives []driveResource `json:"value"`
+}
+
+type siteResource struct {
+	SiteID   string `json:"id"`
+	SiteName string `json:"displayName"`
+	SiteURL  string `json:"webUrl"`
+}
+type siteResponse struct {
+	Sites []siteResource `json:"value"`
+}
+type deltaResponse struct {
+	DeltaLink string     `json:"@odata.deltaLink"`
+	Value     []api.Item `json:"value"`
+}
+
 // Get the region and graphURL from the config
 func getRegionURL(m configmap.Mapper) (region, graphURL string) {
 	region, _ = m.Get("region")
@@ -429,7 +419,7 @@ func chooseDrive(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper, srv *rest
 			RootURL: graphURL,
 			Path:    "/sites/root:" + opt.relativePath,
 		}
-		site := api.SiteResource{}
+		site := siteResource{}
 		_, err := srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opt.opts, nil, &site)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fs.ConfigError("choose_type", fmt.Sprintf("Failed to query available site by relative path: %v", err))
@@ -446,7 +436,7 @@ func chooseDrive(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper, srv *rest
 		}
 	}

-	drives := api.DrivesResponse{}
+	drives := drivesResponse{}

 	// We don't have the final ID yet?
 	// query Microsoft Graph
@@ -459,7 +449,7 @@ func chooseDrive(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper, srv *rest
 		// Also call /me/drive as sometimes /me/drives doesn't return it #4068
 		if opt.opts.Path == "/me/drives" {
 			opt.opts.Path = "/me/drive"
-			meDrive := api.DriveResource{}
+			meDrive := driveResource{}
 			_, err := srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opt.opts, nil, &meDrive)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fs.ConfigError("choose_type", fmt.Sprintf("Failed to query available drives: %v", err))
@@ -478,7 +468,7 @@ func chooseDrive(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper, srv *rest
 			}
 		}
 	} else {
-		drives.Drives = append(drives.Drives, api.DriveResource{
+		drives.Drives = append(drives.Drives, driveResource{
 			DriveID:   opt.finalDriveID,
 			DriveName: "Chosen Drive ID",
 			DriveType: "drive",
@@ -582,18 +572,15 @@ func Config(ctx context.Context, name string, m configmap.Mapper, config fs.Conf
 	case "url":
 		return fs.ConfigInput("url_end", "config_site_url", `Site URL

-Examples:
- "mysite"
- "https://XXX.sharepoint.com/sites/mysite"
- "https://XXX.sharepoint.com/teams/ID"
+Example: "https://contoso.sharepoint.com/sites/mysite" or "mysite"
 `)
 	case "url_end":
 		siteURL := config.Result
-		re := regexp.MustCompile(`https://.*\.sharepoint\.com(/.*)`)
+		re := regexp.MustCompile(`https://.*\.sharepoint\.com/sites/(.*)`)
 		match := re.FindStringSubmatch(siteURL)
 		if len(match) == 2 {
 			return chooseDrive(ctx, name, m, srv, chooseDriveOpt{
-				relativePath: match[1],
+				relativePath: "/sites/" + match[1],
 			})
 		}
 		return chooseDrive(ctx, name, m, srv, chooseDriveOpt{
@@ -615,7 +602,7 @@ Examples:
 			Path:    "/sites?search=" + searchTerm,
 		}

-		sites := api.SiteResponse{}
+		sites := siteResponse{}
 		_, err := srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &sites)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fs.ConfigError("choose_type", fmt.Sprintf("Failed to query available sites: %v", err))
@@ -677,7 +664,6 @@ type Options struct {
 	LinkPassword            string               `config:"link_password"`
 	HashType                string               `config:"hash_type"`
 	AVOverride              bool                 `config:"av_override"`
-	Delta                   bool                 `config:"delta"`
 	Enc                     encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
 }

@@ -689,7 +675,6 @@ type Fs struct {
 	ci           *fs.ConfigInfo     // global config
 	features     *fs.Features       // optional features
 	srv          *rest.Client       // the connection to the OneDrive server
-	unAuth       *rest.Client       // no authentication connection to the OneDrive server
 	dirCache     *dircache.DirCache // Map of directory path to directory id
 	pacer        *fs.Pacer          // pacer for API calls
 	tokenRenewer *oauthutil.Renew   // renew the token on expiry
@@ -948,9 +933,8 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		TokenURL: authEndpoint[opt.Region] + tokenPath,
 	}

-	client := fshttp.NewClient(ctx)
 	root = parsePath(root)
-	oAuthClient, ts, err := oauthutil.NewClientWithBaseClient(ctx, name, m, oauthConfig, client)
+	oAuthClient, ts, err := oauthutil.NewClient(ctx, name, m, oauthConfig)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure OneDrive: %w", err)
 	}
@@ -964,7 +948,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		driveID:   opt.DriveID,
 		driveType: opt.DriveType,
 		srv:       rest.NewClient(oAuthClient).SetRoot(rootURL),
-		unAuth:    rest.NewClient(client).SetRoot(rootURL),
 		pacer:     fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep), pacer.DecayConstant(decayConstant))),
 		hashType:  QuickXorHashType,
 	}
@@ -1012,11 +995,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e

 	f.dirCache = dircache.New(root, rootID, f)

-	// ListR only supported if delta set
-	if !f.opt.Delta {
-		f.features.ListR = nil
-	}
-
 	// Find the current root
 	err = f.dirCache.FindRoot(ctx, false)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1136,29 +1114,32 @@ func (f *Fs) CreateDir(ctx context.Context, dirID, leaf string) (newID string, e
 // If directories is set it only sends directories
 // User function to process a File item from listAll
 //
-// If an error is returned then processing stops
-type listAllFn func(*api.Item) error
+// Should return true to finish processing
+type listAllFn func(*api.Item) bool

 // Lists the directory required calling the user function on each item found
 //
 // If the user fn ever returns true then it early exits with found = true
-//
-// This listing function works on both normal listings and delta listings
-func (f *Fs) _listAll(ctx context.Context, dirID string, directoriesOnly bool, filesOnly bool, fn listAllFn, opts *rest.Opts, result any, pValue *[]api.Item, pNextLink *string) (err error) {
+func (f *Fs) listAll(ctx context.Context, dirID string, directoriesOnly bool, filesOnly bool, fn listAllFn) (found bool, err error) {
+	// Top parameter asks for bigger pages of data
+	// https://dev.onedrive.com/odata/optional-query-parameters.htm
+	opts := f.newOptsCall(dirID, "GET", fmt.Sprintf("/children?$top=%d", f.opt.ListChunk))
+OUTER:
 	for {
+		var result api.ListChildrenResponse
 		var resp *http.Response
 		err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-			resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, opts, nil, result)
+			resp, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &result)
 			return shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("couldn't list files: %w", err)
+			return found, fmt.Errorf("couldn't list files: %w", err)
 		}
-		if len(*pValue) == 0 {
+		if len(result.Value) == 0 {
 			break
 		}
-		for i := range *pValue {
-			item := &(*pValue)[i]
+		for i := range result.Value {
+			item := &result.Value[i]
 			isFolder := item.GetFolder() != nil
 			if isFolder {
 				if filesOnly {
@@ -1173,60 +1154,18 @@ func (f *Fs) _listAll(ctx context.Context, dirID string, directoriesOnly bool, f
 				continue
 			}
 			item.Name = f.opt.Enc.ToStandardName(item.GetName())
-			err = fn(item)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
+			if fn(item) {
+				found = true
+				break OUTER
 			}
 		}
-		if *pNextLink == "" {
+		if result.NextLink == "" {
 			break
 		}
 		opts.Path = ""
-		opts.Parameters = nil
-		opts.RootURL = *pNextLink
-		// reset results
-		*pNextLink = ""
-		*pValue = nil
+		opts.RootURL = result.NextLink
 	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-// Lists the directory required calling the user function on each item found
-//
-// If the user fn ever returns true then it early exits with found = true
-func (f *Fs) listAll(ctx context.Context, dirID string, directoriesOnly bool, filesOnly bool, fn listAllFn) (err error) {
-	// Top parameter asks for bigger pages of data
-	// https://dev.onedrive.com/odata/optional-query-parameters.htm
-	opts := f.newOptsCall(dirID, "GET", fmt.Sprintf("/children?$top=%d", f.opt.ListChunk))
-	var result api.ListChildrenResponse
-	return f._listAll(ctx, dirID, directoriesOnly, filesOnly, fn, &opts, &result, &result.Value, &result.NextLink)
-}
-
-// Convert a list item into a DirEntry
-//
-// Can return nil for an item which should be skipped
-func (f *Fs) itemToDirEntry(ctx context.Context, dir string, info *api.Item) (entry fs.DirEntry, err error) {
-	if !f.opt.ExposeOneNoteFiles && info.GetPackageType() == api.PackageTypeOneNote {
-		fs.Debugf(info.Name, "OneNote file not shown in directory listing")
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	remote := path.Join(dir, info.GetName())
-	folder := info.GetFolder()
-	if folder != nil {
-		// cache the directory ID for later lookups
-		id := info.GetID()
-		f.dirCache.Put(remote, id)
-		d := fs.NewDir(remote, time.Time(info.GetLastModifiedDateTime())).SetID(id)
-		d.SetItems(folder.ChildCount)
-		entry = d
-	} else {
-		o, err := f.newObjectWithInfo(ctx, remote, info)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		entry = o
-	}
-	return entry, nil
+	return
 }

 // List the objects and directories in dir into entries.  The
@@ -1243,144 +1182,41 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	err = f.listAll(ctx, directoryID, false, false, func(info *api.Item) error {
-		entry, err := f.itemToDirEntry(ctx, dir, info)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+	var iErr error
+	_, err = f.listAll(ctx, directoryID, false, false, func(info *api.Item) bool {
+		if !f.opt.ExposeOneNoteFiles && info.GetPackageType() == api.PackageTypeOneNote {
+			fs.Debugf(info.Name, "OneNote file not shown in directory listing")
+			return false
 		}
-		if entry == nil {
-			return nil
+
+		remote := path.Join(dir, info.GetName())
+		folder := info.GetFolder()
+		if folder != nil {
+			// cache the directory ID for later lookups
+			id := info.GetID()
+			f.dirCache.Put(remote, id)
+			d := fs.NewDir(remote, time.Time(info.GetLastModifiedDateTime())).SetID(id)
+			d.SetItems(folder.ChildCount)
+			entries = append(entries, d)
+		} else {
+			o, err := f.newObjectWithInfo(ctx, remote, info)
+			if err != nil {
+				iErr = err
+				return true
+			}
+			entries = append(entries, o)
 		}
-		entries = append(entries, entry)
-		return nil
+		return false
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if iErr != nil {
+		return nil, iErr
+	}
 	return entries, nil
 }

-// ListR lists the objects and directories of the Fs starting
-// from dir recursively into out.
-//
-// dir should be "" to start from the root, and should not
-// have trailing slashes.
-//
-// This should return ErrDirNotFound if the directory isn't
-// found.
-//
-// It should call callback for each tranche of entries read.
-// These need not be returned in any particular order.  If
-// callback returns an error then the listing will stop
-// immediately.
-//
-// Don't implement this unless you have a more efficient way
-// of listing recursively than doing a directory traversal.
-func (f *Fs) ListR(ctx context.Context, dir string, callback fs.ListRCallback) (err error) {
-	// Make sure this ID is in the directory cache
-	directoryID, err := f.dirCache.FindDir(ctx, dir, false)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	// ListR only works at the root of a onedrive, not on a folder
-	// So we have to filter things outside of the root which is
-	// inefficient.
-
-	list := walk.NewListRHelper(callback)
-
-	// list a folder conventionally - used for shared folders
-	var listFolder func(dir string) error
-	listFolder = func(dir string) error {
-		entries, err := f.List(ctx, dir)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		for _, entry := range entries {
-			err = list.Add(entry)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if _, isDir := entry.(fs.Directory); isDir {
-				err = listFolder(entry.Remote())
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// This code relies on the fact that directories are sent before their children. This isn't
-	// mentioned in the docs though, so maybe it shouldn't be relied on.
-	seen := map[string]struct{}{}
-	fn := func(info *api.Item) error {
-		var parentPath string
-		var ok bool
-		id := info.GetID()
-		// The API can produce duplicates, so skip them
-		if _, found := seen[id]; found {
-			return nil
-		}
-		seen[id] = struct{}{}
-		// Skip the root directory
-		if id == directoryID {
-			return nil
-		}
-		// Skip deleted items
-		if info.Deleted != nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-		dirID := info.GetParentReference().GetID()
-		// Skip files that don't have their parent directory
-		// cached as they are outside the root.
-		parentPath, ok = f.dirCache.GetInv(dirID)
-		if !ok {
-			return nil
-		}
-		// Skip files not under the root directory
-		remote := path.Join(parentPath, info.GetName())
-		if dir != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(remote, dir+"/") {
-			return nil
-		}
-		entry, err := f.itemToDirEntry(ctx, parentPath, info)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if entry == nil {
-			return nil
-		}
-		err = list.Add(entry)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		// If this is a shared folder, we'll need list it too
-		if info.RemoteItem != nil && info.RemoteItem.Folder != nil {
-			fs.Debugf(remote, "Listing shared directory")
-			return listFolder(remote)
-		}
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	opts := rest.Opts{
-		Method: "GET",
-		Path:   "/root/delta",
-		Parameters: map[string][]string{
-			// "token": {token},
-			"$top": {fmt.Sprintf("%d", f.opt.ListChunk)},
-		},
-	}
-
-	var result api.DeltaResponse
-	err = f._listAll(ctx, "", false, false, fn, &opts, &result, &result.Value, &result.NextLink)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return list.Flush()
-
-}
-
 // Creates from the parameters passed in a half finished Object which
 // must have setMetaData called on it
 //
@@ -1449,12 +1285,15 @@ func (f *Fs) purgeCheck(ctx context.Context, dir string, check bool) error {
 	}
 	if check {
 		// check to see if there are any items
-		err := f.listAll(ctx, rootID, false, false, func(item *api.Item) error {
-			return fs.ErrorDirectoryNotEmpty
+		found, err := f.listAll(ctx, rootID, false, false, func(item *api.Item) bool {
+			return true
 		})
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
+		if found {
+			return fs.ErrorDirectoryNotEmpty
+		}
 	}
 	err = f.deleteObject(ctx, rootID)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -2243,7 +2082,7 @@ func (o *Object) uploadFragment(ctx context.Context, url string, start int64, to
 			Options:       options,
 		}
 		_, _ = chunk.Seek(skip, io.SeekStart)
-		resp, err = o.fs.unAuth.Call(ctx, &opts)
+		resp, err = o.fs.srv.Call(ctx, &opts)
 		if err != nil && resp != nil && resp.StatusCode == http.StatusRequestedRangeNotSatisfiable {
 			fs.Debugf(o, "Received 416 error - reading current position from server: %v", err)
 			pos, posErr := o.getPosition(ctx, url)
@@ -2639,7 +2478,7 @@ func (f *Fs) changeNotifyStartPageToken(ctx context.Context) (nextDeltaToken str
 	return
 }

-func (f *Fs) changeNotifyNextChange(ctx context.Context, token string) (delta api.DeltaResponse, err error) {
+func (f *Fs) changeNotifyNextChange(ctx context.Context, token string) (delta deltaResponse, err error) {
 	opts := f.buildDriveDeltaOpts(token)

 	_, err = f.srv.CallJSON(ctx, &opts, nil, &delta)
@@ -2758,7 +2597,6 @@ var (
 	_ fs.Abouter         = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.PublicLinker    = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.CleanUpper      = (*Fs)(nil)
-	_ fs.ListRer         = (*Fs)(nil)
 	_ fs.Object          = (*Object)(nil)
 	_ fs.MimeTyper       = &Object{}
 	_ fs.IDer            = &Object{}
--- a/backend/opendrive/opendrive.go
+++ b/backend/opendrive/opendrive.go
@@ -767,17 +767,6 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (entries fs.DirEntries, err e
 		return f.shouldRetry(ctx, resp, err)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		if apiError, ok := err.(*Error); ok {
-			// Work around a bug maybe in opendrive or maybe in rclone.
-			//
-			// We should know whether the folder exists or not by the call to
-			// FindDir above so exactly why it is not found here is a mystery.
-			//
-			// This manifests as a failure in fs/sync TestSyncOverlapWithFilter
-			if apiError.Info.Message == "Folder is already deleted" {
-				return fs.DirEntries{}, nil
-			}
-		}
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get folder list: %w", err)
 	}

--- a/backend/oracleobjectstorage/byok.go
+++ b/backend/oracleobjectstorage/byok.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/v65/common"
 	"github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/v65/objectstorage"
+	"github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/v65/objectstorage/transfer"
 )

 const (
@@ -127,3 +128,18 @@ func useBYOKCopyObject(fs *Fs, request *objectstorage.CopyObjectRequest) {
 		request.OpcSseCustomerKeySha256 = common.String(fs.opt.SSECustomerKeySha256)
 	}
 }
+
+func useBYOKUpload(fs *Fs, request *transfer.UploadRequest) {
+	if fs.opt.SSEKMSKeyID != "" {
+		request.OpcSseKmsKeyId = common.String(fs.opt.SSEKMSKeyID)
+	}
+	if fs.opt.SSECustomerAlgorithm != "" {
+		request.OpcSseCustomerAlgorithm = common.String(fs.opt.SSECustomerAlgorithm)
+	}
+	if fs.opt.SSECustomerKey != "" {
+		request.OpcSseCustomerKey = common.String(fs.opt.SSECustomerKey)
+	}
+	if fs.opt.SSECustomerKeySha256 != "" {
+		request.OpcSseCustomerKeySha256 = common.String(fs.opt.SSECustomerKeySha256)
+	}
+}
--- a/backend/oracleobjectstorage/client.go
+++ b/backend/oracleobjectstorage/client.go
@@ -70,9 +70,6 @@ func newObjectStorageClient(ctx context.Context, opt *Options) (*objectstorage.O
 	if opt.Region != "" {
 		client.SetRegion(opt.Region)
 	}
-	if opt.Endpoint != "" {
-		client.Host = opt.Endpoint
-	}
 	modifyClient(ctx, opt, &client.BaseClient)
 	return &client, err
 }
--- a/backend/oracleobjectstorage/command.go
+++ b/backend/oracleobjectstorage/command.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ package oracleobjectstorage
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"sort"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

@@ -197,32 +196,6 @@ func (f *Fs) listMultipartUploadsAll(ctx context.Context) (uploadsMap map[string
 // for "dir" and it returns "dirKey"
 func (f *Fs) listMultipartUploads(ctx context.Context, bucketName, directory string) (
 	uploads []*objectstorage.MultipartUpload, err error) {
-	return f.listMultipartUploadsObject(ctx, bucketName, directory, false)
-}
-
-// listMultipartUploads finds first outstanding multipart uploads for (bucket, key)
-//
-// Note that rather lazily we treat key as a prefix, so it matches
-// directories and objects. This could surprise the user if they ask
-// for "dir" and it returns "dirKey"
-func (f *Fs) findLatestMultipartUpload(ctx context.Context, bucketName, directory string) (
-	uploads []*objectstorage.MultipartUpload, err error) {
-	pastUploads, err := f.listMultipartUploadsObject(ctx, bucketName, directory, true)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	if len(pastUploads) > 0 {
-		sort.Slice(pastUploads, func(i, j int) bool {
-			return pastUploads[i].TimeCreated.After(pastUploads[j].TimeCreated.Time)
-		})
-		return pastUploads[:1], nil
-	}
-	return nil, err
-}
-
-func (f *Fs) listMultipartUploadsObject(ctx context.Context, bucketName, directory string, exact bool) (
-	uploads []*objectstorage.MultipartUpload, err error) {

 	uploads = []*objectstorage.MultipartUpload{}
 	req := objectstorage.ListMultipartUploadsRequest{
@@ -244,13 +217,7 @@ func (f *Fs) listMultipartUploadsObject(ctx context.Context, bucketName, directo
 			if directory != "" && item.Object != nil && !strings.HasPrefix(*item.Object, directory) {
 				continue
 			}
-			if exact {
-				if *item.Object == directory {
-					uploads = append(uploads, &response.Items[index])
-				}
-			} else {
-				uploads = append(uploads, &response.Items[index])
-			}
+			uploads = append(uploads, &response.Items[index])
 		}
 		if response.OpcNextPage == nil {
 			break
@@ -259,34 +226,3 @@ func (f *Fs) listMultipartUploadsObject(ctx context.Context, bucketName, directo
 	}
 	return uploads, nil
 }
-
-func (f *Fs) listMultipartUploadParts(ctx context.Context, bucketName, bucketPath string, uploadID string) (
-	uploadedParts map[int]objectstorage.MultipartUploadPartSummary, err error) {
-	uploadedParts = make(map[int]objectstorage.MultipartUploadPartSummary)
-	req := objectstorage.ListMultipartUploadPartsRequest{
-		NamespaceName: common.String(f.opt.Namespace),
-		BucketName:    common.String(bucketName),
-		ObjectName:    common.String(bucketPath),
-		UploadId:      common.String(uploadID),
-		Limit:         common.Int(1000),
-	}
-
-	var response objectstorage.ListMultipartUploadPartsResponse
-	for {
-		err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-			response, err = f.srv.ListMultipartUploadParts(ctx, req)
-			return shouldRetry(ctx, response.HTTPResponse(), err)
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			return uploadedParts, err
-		}
-		for _, item := range response.Items {
-			uploadedParts[*item.PartNumber] = item
-		}
-		if response.OpcNextPage == nil {
-			break
-		}
-		req.Page = response.OpcNextPage
-	}
-	return uploadedParts, nil
-}
--- a/backend/oracleobjectstorage/multipart.go
+++ b/backend/oracleobjectstorage/multipart.go
@@ -1,445 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !plan9 && !solaris && !js
-// +build !plan9,!solaris,!js
-
-package oracleobjectstorage
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/md5"
-	"encoding/base64"
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/ncw/swift/v2"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/multipart"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/pool"
-	"golang.org/x/net/http/httpguts"
-
-	"github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/v65/common"
-	"github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/v65/objectstorage"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/chunksize"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
-)
-
-var warnStreamUpload sync.Once
-
-// Info needed for an upload
-type uploadInfo struct {
-	req       *objectstorage.PutObjectRequest
-	md5sumHex string
-}
-
-type objectChunkWriter struct {
-	chunkSize       int64
-	size            int64
-	f               *Fs
-	bucket          *string
-	key             *string
-	uploadID        *string
-	partsToCommit   []objectstorage.CommitMultipartUploadPartDetails
-	partsToCommitMu sync.Mutex
-	existingParts   map[int]objectstorage.MultipartUploadPartSummary
-	eTag            string
-	md5sMu          sync.Mutex
-	md5s            []byte
-	ui              uploadInfo
-	o               *Object
-}
-
-func (o *Object) uploadMultipart(ctx context.Context, src fs.ObjectInfo, in io.Reader, options ...fs.OpenOption) error {
-	_, err := multipart.UploadMultipart(ctx, src, in, multipart.UploadMultipartOptions{
-		Open:        o.fs,
-		OpenOptions: options,
-	})
-	return err
-}
-
-// OpenChunkWriter returns the chunk size and a ChunkWriter
-//
-// Pass in the remote and the src object
-// You can also use options to hint at the desired chunk size
-func (f *Fs) OpenChunkWriter(
-	ctx context.Context,
-	remote string,
-	src fs.ObjectInfo,
-	options ...fs.OpenOption) (info fs.ChunkWriterInfo, writer fs.ChunkWriter, err error) {
-	// Temporary Object under construction
-	o := &Object{
-		fs:     f,
-		remote: remote,
-	}
-	ui, err := o.prepareUpload(ctx, src, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return info, nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare upload: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	uploadParts := f.opt.MaxUploadParts
-	if uploadParts < 1 {
-		uploadParts = 1
-	} else if uploadParts > maxUploadParts {
-		uploadParts = maxUploadParts
-	}
-	size := src.Size()
-
-	// calculate size of parts
-	chunkSize := f.opt.ChunkSize
-
-	// size can be -1 here meaning we don't know the size of the incoming file. We use ChunkSize
-	// buffers here (default 5 MiB). With a maximum number of parts (10,000) this will be a file of
-	// 48 GiB which seems like a not too unreasonable limit.
-	if size == -1 {
-		warnStreamUpload.Do(func() {
-			fs.Logf(f, "Streaming uploads using chunk size %v will have maximum file size of %v",
-				f.opt.ChunkSize, fs.SizeSuffix(int64(chunkSize)*int64(uploadParts)))
-		})
-	} else {
-		chunkSize = chunksize.Calculator(src, size, uploadParts, chunkSize)
-	}
-
-	uploadID, existingParts, err := o.createMultipartUpload(ctx, ui.req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return info, nil, fmt.Errorf("create multipart upload request failed: %w", err)
-	}
-	bucketName, bucketPath := o.split()
-	chunkWriter := &objectChunkWriter{
-		chunkSize:     int64(chunkSize),
-		size:          size,
-		f:             f,
-		bucket:        &bucketName,
-		key:           &bucketPath,
-		uploadID:      &uploadID,
-		existingParts: existingParts,
-		ui:            ui,
-		o:             o,
-	}
-	info = fs.ChunkWriterInfo{
-		ChunkSize:         int64(chunkSize),
-		Concurrency:       o.fs.opt.UploadConcurrency,
-		LeavePartsOnError: o.fs.opt.LeavePartsOnError,
-	}
-	fs.Debugf(o, "open chunk writer: started multipart upload: %v", uploadID)
-	return info, chunkWriter, err
-}
-
-// WriteChunk will write chunk number with reader bytes, where chunk number >= 0
-func (w *objectChunkWriter) WriteChunk(ctx context.Context, chunkNumber int, reader io.ReadSeeker) (bytesWritten int64, err error) {
-	if chunkNumber < 0 {
-		err := fmt.Errorf("invalid chunk number provided: %v", chunkNumber)
-		return -1, err
-	}
-	// Only account after the checksum reads have been done
-	if do, ok := reader.(pool.DelayAccountinger); ok {
-		// To figure out this number, do a transfer and if the accounted size is 0 or a
-		// multiple of what it should be, increase or decrease this number.
-		do.DelayAccounting(2)
-	}
-	m := md5.New()
-	currentChunkSize, err := io.Copy(m, reader)
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, err
-	}
-	// If no data read, don't write the chunk
-	if currentChunkSize == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-	md5sumBinary := m.Sum([]byte{})
-	w.addMd5(&md5sumBinary, int64(chunkNumber))
-	md5sum := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(md5sumBinary[:])
-
-	// Object storage requires 1 <= PartNumber <= 10000
-	ossPartNumber := chunkNumber + 1
-	if existing, ok := w.existingParts[ossPartNumber]; ok {
-		if md5sum == *existing.Md5 {
-			fs.Debugf(w.o, "matched uploaded part found, part num %d, skipping part, md5=%v", *existing.PartNumber, md5sum)
-			w.addCompletedPart(existing.PartNumber, existing.Etag)
-			return currentChunkSize, nil
-		}
-	}
-	req := objectstorage.UploadPartRequest{
-		NamespaceName: common.String(w.f.opt.Namespace),
-		BucketName:    w.bucket,
-		ObjectName:    w.key,
-		UploadId:      w.uploadID,
-		UploadPartNum: common.Int(ossPartNumber),
-		ContentLength: common.Int64(currentChunkSize),
-		ContentMD5:    common.String(md5sum),
-	}
-	w.o.applyPartUploadOptions(w.ui.req, &req)
-	var resp objectstorage.UploadPartResponse
-	err = w.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		// req.UploadPartBody = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(buf))
-		// rewind the reader on retry and after reading md5
-		_, err = reader.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, err
-		}
-		req.UploadPartBody = io.NopCloser(reader)
-		resp, err = w.f.srv.UploadPart(ctx, req)
-		if err != nil {
-			if ossPartNumber <= 8 {
-				return shouldRetry(ctx, resp.HTTPResponse(), err)
-			}
-			// retry all chunks once have done the first few
-			return true, err
-		}
-		return false, err
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		fs.Errorf(w.o, "multipart upload failed to upload part:%d err: %v", ossPartNumber, err)
-		return -1, fmt.Errorf("multipart upload failed to upload part: %w", err)
-	}
-	w.addCompletedPart(&ossPartNumber, resp.ETag)
-	return currentChunkSize, err
-
-}
-
-// add a part number and etag to the completed parts
-func (w *objectChunkWriter) addCompletedPart(partNum *int, eTag *string) {
-	w.partsToCommitMu.Lock()
-	defer w.partsToCommitMu.Unlock()
-	w.partsToCommit = append(w.partsToCommit, objectstorage.CommitMultipartUploadPartDetails{
-		PartNum: partNum,
-		Etag:    eTag,
-	})
-}
-
-func (w *objectChunkWriter) Close(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
-	req := objectstorage.CommitMultipartUploadRequest{
-		NamespaceName: common.String(w.f.opt.Namespace),
-		BucketName:    w.bucket,
-		ObjectName:    w.key,
-		UploadId:      w.uploadID,
-	}
-	req.PartsToCommit = w.partsToCommit
-	var resp objectstorage.CommitMultipartUploadResponse
-	err = w.f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		resp, err = w.f.srv.CommitMultipartUpload(ctx, req)
-		// if multipart is corrupted, we will abort the uploadId
-		if isMultiPartUploadCorrupted(err) {
-			fs.Debugf(w.o, "multipart uploadId %v is corrupted, aborting...", *w.uploadID)
-			_ = w.Abort(ctx)
-			return false, err
-		}
-		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp.HTTPResponse(), err)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	w.eTag = *resp.ETag
-	hashOfHashes := md5.Sum(w.md5s)
-	wantMultipartMd5 := fmt.Sprintf("%s-%d", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(hashOfHashes[:]), len(w.partsToCommit))
-	gotMultipartMd5 := *resp.OpcMultipartMd5
-	if wantMultipartMd5 != gotMultipartMd5 {
-		fs.Errorf(w.o, "multipart upload corrupted: multipart md5 differ: expecting %s but got %s", wantMultipartMd5, gotMultipartMd5)
-		return fmt.Errorf("multipart upload corrupted: md5 differ: expecting %s but got %s", wantMultipartMd5, gotMultipartMd5)
-	}
-	fs.Debugf(w.o, "multipart upload %v md5 matched: expecting %s and got %s", *w.uploadID, wantMultipartMd5, gotMultipartMd5)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func isMultiPartUploadCorrupted(err error) bool {
-	if err == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-	// Check if this oci-err object, and if it is multipart commit error
-	if ociError, ok := err.(common.ServiceError); ok {
-		// If it is a timeout then we want to retry that
-		if ociError.GetCode() == "InvalidUploadPart" {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
-func (w *objectChunkWriter) Abort(ctx context.Context) error {
-	fs.Debugf(w.o, "Cancelling multipart upload")
-	err := w.o.fs.abortMultiPartUpload(
-		ctx,
-		w.bucket,
-		w.key,
-		w.uploadID)
-	if err != nil {
-		fs.Debugf(w.o, "Failed to cancel multipart upload: %v", err)
-	} else {
-		fs.Debugf(w.o, "canceled and aborted multipart upload: %v", *w.uploadID)
-	}
-	return err
-}
-
-// addMd5 adds a binary md5 to the md5 calculated so far
-func (w *objectChunkWriter) addMd5(md5binary *[]byte, chunkNumber int64) {
-	w.md5sMu.Lock()
-	defer w.md5sMu.Unlock()
-	start := chunkNumber * md5.Size
-	end := start + md5.Size
-	if extend := end - int64(len(w.md5s)); extend > 0 {
-		w.md5s = append(w.md5s, make([]byte, extend)...)
-	}
-	copy(w.md5s[start:end], (*md5binary)[:])
-}
-
-func (o *Object) prepareUpload(ctx context.Context, src fs.ObjectInfo, options []fs.OpenOption) (ui uploadInfo, err error) {
-	bucket, bucketPath := o.split()
-
-	ui.req = &objectstorage.PutObjectRequest{
-		NamespaceName: common.String(o.fs.opt.Namespace),
-		BucketName:    common.String(bucket),
-		ObjectName:    common.String(bucketPath),
-	}
-
-	// Set the mtime in the metadata
-	modTime := src.ModTime(ctx)
-	// Fetch metadata if --metadata is in use
-	meta, err := fs.GetMetadataOptions(ctx, o.fs, src, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return ui, fmt.Errorf("failed to read metadata from source object: %w", err)
-	}
-	ui.req.OpcMeta = make(map[string]string, len(meta)+2)
-	// merge metadata into request and user metadata
-	for k, v := range meta {
-		pv := common.String(v)
-		k = strings.ToLower(k)
-		switch k {
-		case "cache-control":
-			ui.req.CacheControl = pv
-		case "content-disposition":
-			ui.req.ContentDisposition = pv
-		case "content-encoding":
-			ui.req.ContentEncoding = pv
-		case "content-language":
-			ui.req.ContentLanguage = pv
-		case "content-type":
-			ui.req.ContentType = pv
-		case "tier":
-			// ignore
-		case "mtime":
-			// mtime in meta overrides source ModTime
-			metaModTime, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339Nano, v)
-			if err != nil {
-				fs.Debugf(o, "failed to parse metadata %s: %q: %v", k, v, err)
-			} else {
-				modTime = metaModTime
-			}
-		case "btime":
-			// write as metadata since we can't set it
-			ui.req.OpcMeta[k] = v
-		default:
-			ui.req.OpcMeta[k] = v
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Set the mtime in the metadata
-	ui.req.OpcMeta[metaMtime] = swift.TimeToFloatString(modTime)
-
-	// read the md5sum if available
-	// - for non-multipart
-	//    - so we can add a ContentMD5
-	//    - so we can add the md5sum in the metadata as metaMD5Hash if using SSE/SSE-C
-	// - for multipart provided checksums aren't disabled
-	//    - so we can add the md5sum in the metadata as metaMD5Hash
-	size := src.Size()
-	isMultipart := size < 0 || size >= int64(o.fs.opt.UploadCutoff)
-	var md5sumBase64 string
-	if !isMultipart || !o.fs.opt.DisableChecksum {
-		ui.md5sumHex, err = src.Hash(ctx, hash.MD5)
-		if err == nil && matchMd5.MatchString(ui.md5sumHex) {
-			hashBytes, err := hex.DecodeString(ui.md5sumHex)
-			if err == nil {
-				md5sumBase64 = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(hashBytes)
-				if isMultipart && !o.fs.opt.DisableChecksum {
-					// Set the md5sum as metadata on the object if
-					// - a multipart upload
-					// - the ETag is not an MD5, e.g. when using SSE/SSE-C
-					// provided checksums aren't disabled
-					ui.req.OpcMeta[metaMD5Hash] = md5sumBase64
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	// Set the content type if it isn't set already
-	if ui.req.ContentType == nil {
-		ui.req.ContentType = common.String(fs.MimeType(ctx, src))
-	}
-	if size >= 0 {
-		ui.req.ContentLength = common.Int64(size)
-	}
-	if md5sumBase64 != "" {
-		ui.req.ContentMD5 = &md5sumBase64
-	}
-	o.applyPutOptions(ui.req, options...)
-	useBYOKPutObject(o.fs, ui.req)
-	if o.fs.opt.StorageTier != "" {
-		storageTier, ok := objectstorage.GetMappingPutObjectStorageTierEnum(o.fs.opt.StorageTier)
-		if !ok {
-			return ui, fmt.Errorf("not a valid storage tier: %v", o.fs.opt.StorageTier)
-		}
-		ui.req.StorageTier = storageTier
-	}
-	// Check metadata keys and values are valid
-	for key, value := range ui.req.OpcMeta {
-		if !httpguts.ValidHeaderFieldName(key) {
-			fs.Errorf(o, "Dropping invalid metadata key %q", key)
-			delete(ui.req.OpcMeta, key)
-		} else if value == "" {
-			fs.Errorf(o, "Dropping nil metadata value for key %q", key)
-			delete(ui.req.OpcMeta, key)
-		} else if !httpguts.ValidHeaderFieldValue(value) {
-			fs.Errorf(o, "Dropping invalid metadata value %q for key %q", value, key)
-			delete(ui.req.OpcMeta, key)
-		}
-	}
-	return ui, nil
-}
-
-func (o *Object) createMultipartUpload(ctx context.Context, putReq *objectstorage.PutObjectRequest) (
-	uploadID string, existingParts map[int]objectstorage.MultipartUploadPartSummary, err error) {
-	bucketName, bucketPath := o.split()
-	err = o.fs.makeBucket(ctx, bucketName)
-	if err != nil {
-		fs.Errorf(o, "failed to create bucket: %v, err: %v", bucketName, err)
-		return uploadID, existingParts, err
-	}
-	if o.fs.opt.AttemptResumeUpload {
-		fs.Debugf(o, "attempting to resume upload for %v (if any)", o.remote)
-		resumeUploads, err := o.fs.findLatestMultipartUpload(ctx, bucketName, bucketPath)
-		if err == nil && len(resumeUploads) > 0 {
-			uploadID = *resumeUploads[0].UploadId
-			existingParts, err = o.fs.listMultipartUploadParts(ctx, bucketName, bucketPath, uploadID)
-			if err == nil {
-				fs.Debugf(o, "resuming with existing upload id: %v", uploadID)
-				return uploadID, existingParts, err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	req := objectstorage.CreateMultipartUploadRequest{
-		NamespaceName: common.String(o.fs.opt.Namespace),
-		BucketName:    common.String(bucketName),
-	}
-	req.Object = common.String(bucketPath)
-	if o.fs.opt.StorageTier != "" {
-		storageTier, ok := objectstorage.GetMappingStorageTierEnum(o.fs.opt.StorageTier)
-		if !ok {
-			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("not a valid storage tier: %v", o.fs.opt.StorageTier)
-		}
-		req.StorageTier = storageTier
-	}
-	o.applyMultipartUploadOptions(putReq, &req)
-
-	var resp objectstorage.CreateMultipartUploadResponse
-	err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-		resp, err = o.fs.srv.CreateMultipartUpload(ctx, req)
-		return shouldRetry(ctx, resp.HTTPResponse(), err)
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", existingParts, err
-	}
-	existingParts = make(map[int]objectstorage.MultipartUploadPartSummary)
-	uploadID = *resp.UploadId
-	fs.Debugf(o, "created new upload id: %v", uploadID)
-	return uploadID, existingParts, err
-}
--- a/backend/oracleobjectstorage/object.go
+++ b/backend/oracleobjectstorage/object.go
@@ -4,14 +4,12 @@
 package oracleobjectstorage

 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/hex"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
-	"os"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
@@ -20,8 +18,10 @@ import (
 	"github.com/ncw/swift/v2"
 	"github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/v65/common"
 	"github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/v65/objectstorage"
+	"github.com/oracle/oci-go-sdk/v65/objectstorage/transfer"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/hash"
+	"github.com/rclone/rclone/lib/atexit"
 )

 // ------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -367,28 +367,9 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (io.ReadClo
 	return resp.HTTPResponse().Body, nil
 }

-func isZeroLength(streamReader io.Reader) bool {
-	switch v := streamReader.(type) {
-	case *bytes.Buffer:
-		return v.Len() == 0
-	case *bytes.Reader:
-		return v.Len() == 0
-	case *strings.Reader:
-		return v.Len() == 0
-	case *os.File:
-		fi, err := v.Stat()
-		if err != nil {
-			return false
-		}
-		return fi.Size() == 0
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}
-
 // Update an object if it has changed
 func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (err error) {
-	bucketName, _ := o.split()
+	bucketName, bucketPath := o.split()
 	err = o.fs.makeBucket(ctx, bucketName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -396,24 +377,142 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op

 	// determine if we like upload single or multipart.
 	size := src.Size()
-	multipart := size < 0 || size >= int64(o.fs.opt.UploadCutoff)
-	if isZeroLength(in) {
-		multipart = false
+	multipart := size >= int64(o.fs.opt.UploadCutoff)
+
+	// Set the mtime in the metadata
+	modTime := src.ModTime(ctx)
+	metadata := map[string]string{
+		metaMtime: swift.TimeToFloatString(modTime),
 	}
+
+	// read the md5sum if available
+	// - for non-multipart
+	//    - so we can add a ContentMD5
+	//    - so we can add the md5sum in the metadata as metaMD5Hash if using SSE/SSE-C
+	// - for multipart provided checksums aren't disabled
+	//    - so we can add the md5sum in the metadata as metaMD5Hash
+	var md5sumBase64 string
+	var md5sumHex string
+	if !multipart || !o.fs.opt.DisableChecksum {
+		md5sumHex, err = src.Hash(ctx, hash.MD5)
+		if err == nil && matchMd5.MatchString(md5sumHex) {
+			hashBytes, err := hex.DecodeString(md5sumHex)
+			if err == nil {
+				md5sumBase64 = base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(hashBytes)
+				if multipart && !o.fs.opt.DisableChecksum {
+					// Set the md5sum as metadata on the object if
+					// - a multipart upload
+					// - the ETag is not an MD5, e.g. when using SSE/SSE-C
+					// provided checksums aren't disabled
+					metadata[metaMD5Hash] = md5sumBase64
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	// Guess the content type
+	mimeType := fs.MimeType(ctx, src)
+
 	if multipart {
-		err = o.uploadMultipart(ctx, src, in, options...)
+		chunkSize := int64(o.fs.opt.ChunkSize)
+		uploadRequest := transfer.UploadRequest{
+			NamespaceName:                       common.String(o.fs.opt.Namespace),
+			BucketName:                          common.String(bucketName),
+			ObjectName:                          common.String(bucketPath),
+			ContentType:                         common.String(mimeType),
+			PartSize:                            common.Int64(chunkSize),
+			AllowMultipartUploads:               common.Bool(true),
+			AllowParrallelUploads:               common.Bool(true),
+			ObjectStorageClient:                 o.fs.srv,
+			EnableMultipartChecksumVerification: common.Bool(!o.fs.opt.DisableChecksum),
+			NumberOfGoroutines:                  common.Int(o.fs.opt.UploadConcurrency),
+			Metadata:                            metadataWithOpcPrefix(metadata),
+		}
+		if o.fs.opt.StorageTier != "" {
+			storageTier, ok := objectstorage.GetMappingPutObjectStorageTierEnum(o.fs.opt.StorageTier)
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("not a valid storage tier: %v", o.fs.opt.StorageTier)
+			}
+			uploadRequest.StorageTier = storageTier
+		}
+		o.applyMultiPutOptions(&uploadRequest, options...)
+		useBYOKUpload(o.fs, &uploadRequest)
+		uploadStreamRequest := transfer.UploadStreamRequest{
+			UploadRequest: uploadRequest,
+			StreamReader:  in,
+		}
+		uploadMgr := transfer.NewUploadManager()
+		var uploadID = ""
+
+		defer atexit.OnError(&err, func() {
+			if uploadID == "" {
+				return
+			}
+			if o.fs.opt.LeavePartsOnError {
+				return
+			}
+			fs.Debugf(o, "Cancelling multipart upload")
+			errCancel := o.fs.abortMultiPartUpload(
+				context.Background(),
+				bucketName,
+				bucketPath,
+				uploadID)
+			if errCancel != nil {
+				fs.Debugf(o, "Failed to cancel multipart upload: %v", errCancel)
+			}
+		})()
+
+		err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+			uploadResponse, err := uploadMgr.UploadStream(ctx, uploadStreamRequest)
+			var httpResponse *http.Response
+			if err == nil {
+				if uploadResponse.Type == transfer.MultipartUpload {
+					if uploadResponse.MultipartUploadResponse != nil {
+						httpResponse = uploadResponse.MultipartUploadResponse.HTTPResponse()
+					}
+				} else {
+					if uploadResponse.SinglepartUploadResponse != nil {
+						httpResponse = uploadResponse.SinglepartUploadResponse.HTTPResponse()
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			if err != nil {
+				uploadID := ""
+				if uploadResponse.MultipartUploadResponse != nil && uploadResponse.MultipartUploadResponse.UploadID != nil {
+					uploadID = *uploadResponse.MultipartUploadResponse.UploadID
+					fs.Debugf(o, "multipart streaming upload failed, aborting uploadID: %v, may retry", uploadID)
+					_ = o.fs.abortMultiPartUpload(ctx, bucketName, bucketPath, uploadID)
+				}
+			}
+			return shouldRetry(ctx, httpResponse, err)
+		})
 		if err != nil {
+			fs.Errorf(o, "multipart streaming upload failed %v", err)
 			return err
 		}
 	} else {
-		ui, err := o.prepareUpload(ctx, src, options)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("failed to prepare upload: %w", err)
+		req := objectstorage.PutObjectRequest{
+			NamespaceName: common.String(o.fs.opt.Namespace),
+			BucketName:    common.String(bucketName),
+			ObjectName:    common.String(bucketPath),
+			ContentType:   common.String(mimeType),
+			PutObjectBody: io.NopCloser(in),
+			OpcMeta:       metadata,
 		}
+		if size >= 0 {
+			req.ContentLength = common.Int64(size)
+		}
+		if o.fs.opt.StorageTier != "" {
+			storageTier, ok := objectstorage.GetMappingPutObjectStorageTierEnum(o.fs.opt.StorageTier)
+			if !ok {
+				return fmt.Errorf("not a valid storage tier: %v", o.fs.opt.StorageTier)
+			}
+			req.StorageTier = storageTier
+		}
+		o.applyPutOptions(&req, options...)
+		useBYOKPutObject(o.fs, &req)
 		var resp objectstorage.PutObjectResponse
-		err = o.fs.pacer.CallNoRetry(func() (bool, error) {
-			ui.req.PutObjectBody = io.NopCloser(in)
-			resp, err = o.fs.srv.PutObject(ctx, *ui.req)
+		err = o.fs.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
+			resp, err = o.fs.srv.PutObject(ctx, req)
 			return shouldRetry(ctx, resp.HTTPResponse(), err)
 		})
 		if err != nil {
@@ -492,24 +591,28 @@ func (o *Object) applyGetObjectOptions(req *objectstorage.GetObjectRequest, opti
 	}
 }

-func (o *Object) applyMultipartUploadOptions(putReq *objectstorage.PutObjectRequest, req *objectstorage.CreateMultipartUploadRequest) {
-	req.ContentType = putReq.ContentType
-	req.ContentLanguage = putReq.ContentLanguage
-	req.ContentEncoding = putReq.ContentEncoding
-	req.ContentDisposition = putReq.ContentDisposition
-	req.CacheControl = putReq.CacheControl
-	req.Metadata = metadataWithOpcPrefix(putReq.OpcMeta)
-	req.OpcSseCustomerAlgorithm = putReq.OpcSseCustomerAlgorithm
-	req.OpcSseCustomerKey = putReq.OpcSseCustomerKey
-	req.OpcSseCustomerKeySha256 = putReq.OpcSseCustomerKeySha256
-	req.OpcSseKmsKeyId = putReq.OpcSseKmsKeyId
-}
-
-func (o *Object) applyPartUploadOptions(putReq *objectstorage.PutObjectRequest, req *objectstorage.UploadPartRequest) {
-	req.OpcSseCustomerAlgorithm = putReq.OpcSseCustomerAlgorithm
-	req.OpcSseCustomerKey = putReq.OpcSseCustomerKey
-	req.OpcSseCustomerKeySha256 = putReq.OpcSseCustomerKeySha256
-	req.OpcSseKmsKeyId = putReq.OpcSseKmsKeyId
+func (o *Object) applyMultiPutOptions(req *transfer.UploadRequest, options ...fs.OpenOption) {
+	// Apply upload options
+	for _, option := range options {
+		key, value := option.Header()
+		lowerKey := strings.ToLower(key)
+		switch lowerKey {
+		case "":
+			// ignore
+		case "content-encoding":
+			req.ContentEncoding = common.String(value)
+		case "content-language":
+			req.ContentLanguage = common.String(value)
+		case "content-type":
+			req.ContentType = common.String(value)
+		default:
+			if strings.HasPrefix(lowerKey, ociMetaPrefix) {
+				req.Metadata[lowerKey] = value
+			} else {
+				fs.Errorf(o, "Don't know how to set key %q on upload", key)
+			}
+		}
+	}
 }

 func metadataWithOpcPrefix(src map[string]string) map[string]string {
--- a/backend/oracleobjectstorage/options.go
+++ b/backend/oracleobjectstorage/options.go
@@ -13,10 +13,9 @@ import (

 const (
 	maxSizeForCopy             = 4768 * 1024 * 1024
-	maxUploadParts             = 10000
-	defaultUploadConcurrency   = 10
-	minChunkSize               = fs.SizeSuffix(5 * 1024 * 1024)
+	minChunkSize               = fs.SizeSuffix(1024 * 1024 * 5)
 	defaultUploadCutoff        = fs.SizeSuffix(200 * 1024 * 1024)
+	defaultUploadConcurrency   = 10
 	maxUploadCutoff            = fs.SizeSuffix(5 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024)
 	minSleep                   = 10 * time.Millisecond
 	defaultCopyTimeoutDuration = fs.Duration(time.Minute)
@@ -56,14 +55,12 @@ type Options struct {
 	ConfigProfile        string               `config:"config_profile"`
 	UploadCutoff         fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"upload_cutoff"`
 	ChunkSize            fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"chunk_size"`
-	MaxUploadParts       int                  `config:"max_upload_parts"`
 	UploadConcurrency    int                  `config:"upload_concurrency"`
 	DisableChecksum      bool                 `config:"disable_checksum"`
 	CopyCutoff           fs.SizeSuffix        `config:"copy_cutoff"`
 	CopyTimeout          fs.Duration          `config:"copy_timeout"`
 	StorageTier          string               `config:"storage_tier"`
 	LeavePartsOnError    bool                 `config:"leave_parts_on_error"`
-	AttemptResumeUpload  bool                 `config:"attempt_resume_upload"`
 	NoCheckBucket        bool                 `config:"no_check_bucket"`
 	SSEKMSKeyID          string               `config:"sse_kms_key_id"`
 	SSECustomerAlgorithm string               `config:"sse_customer_algorithm"`
@@ -160,8 +157,9 @@ The minimum is 0 and the maximum is 5 GiB.`,
 		Help: `Chunk size to use for uploading.

 When uploading files larger than upload_cutoff or files with unknown
-size (e.g. from "rclone rcat" or uploaded with "rclone mount" they will be uploaded 
-as multipart uploads using this chunk size.
+size (e.g. from "rclone rcat" or uploaded with "rclone mount" or google
+photos or google docs) they will be uploaded as multipart uploads
+using this chunk size.

 Note that "upload_concurrency" chunks of this size are buffered
 in memory per transfer.
@@ -183,20 +181,6 @@ statistics displayed with "-P" flag.
 `,
 		Default:  minChunkSize,
 		Advanced: true,
-	}, {
-		Name: "max_upload_parts",
-		Help: `Maximum number of parts in a multipart upload.
-
-This option defines the maximum number of multipart chunks to use
-when doing a multipart upload.
-
-OCI has max parts limit of 10,000 chunks.
-
-Rclone will automatically increase the chunk size when uploading a
-large file of a known size to stay below this number of chunks limit.
-`,
-		Default:  maxUploadParts,
-		Advanced: true,
 	}, {
 		Name: "upload_concurrency",
 		Help: `Concurrency for multipart uploads.
@@ -254,24 +238,12 @@ to start uploading.`,
 			encoder.EncodeDot,
 	}, {
 		Name: "leave_parts_on_error",
-		Help: `If true avoid calling abort upload on a failure, leaving all successfully uploaded parts for manual recovery.
+		Help: `If true avoid calling abort upload on a failure, leaving all successfully uploaded parts on S3 for manual recovery.

 It should be set to true for resuming uploads across different sessions.

 WARNING: Storing parts of an incomplete multipart upload counts towards space usage on object storage and will add
 additional costs if not cleaned up.
-`,
-		Default:  false,
-		Advanced: true,
-	}, {
-		Name: "attempt_resume_upload",
-		Help: `If true attempt to resume previously started multipart upload for the object.
-This will be helpful to speed up multipart transfers by resuming uploads from past session.
-
-WARNING: If chunk size differs in resumed session from past incomplete session, then the resumed multipart upload is 
-aborted and a new multipart upload is started with the new chunk size.
-
-The flag leave_parts_on_error must be true to resume and optimize to skip parts that were already uploaded successfully.
 `,
 		Default:  false,
 		Advanced: true,
--- a/backend/oracleobjectstorage/oracleobjectstorage.go
+++ b/backend/oracleobjectstorage/oracleobjectstorage.go
@@ -138,14 +138,6 @@ func (f *Fs) setUploadCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (old fs.SizeSuffix, err error) {
 	return
 }

-func (f *Fs) setCopyCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (old fs.SizeSuffix, err error) {
-	err = checkUploadChunkSize(cs)
-	if err == nil {
-		old, f.opt.CopyCutoff = f.opt.CopyCutoff, cs
-	}
-	return
-}
-
 // ------------------------------------------------------------
 // Implement backed that represents a remote object storage server
 // Fs is the interface a cloud storage system must provide
@@ -326,6 +318,7 @@ func (f *Fs) list(ctx context.Context, bucket, directory, prefix string, addBuck
 			remote := *object.Name
 			remote = f.opt.Enc.ToStandardPath(remote)
 			if !strings.HasPrefix(remote, prefix) {
+				// fs.Debugf(f, "Odd name received %v", object.Name)
 				continue
 			}
 			remote = remote[len(prefix):]
@@ -565,15 +558,15 @@ func (f *Fs) Rmdir(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 	})
 }

-func (f *Fs) abortMultiPartUpload(ctx context.Context, bucketName, bucketPath, uploadID *string) (err error) {
-	if uploadID == nil || *uploadID == "" {
+func (f *Fs) abortMultiPartUpload(ctx context.Context, bucketName, bucketPath, uploadID string) (err error) {
+	if uploadID == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
 	request := objectstorage.AbortMultipartUploadRequest{
 		NamespaceName: common.String(f.opt.Namespace),
-		BucketName:    bucketName,
-		ObjectName:    bucketPath,
-		UploadId:      uploadID,
+		BucketName:    common.String(bucketName),
+		ObjectName:    common.String(bucketPath),
+		UploadId:      common.String(uploadID),
 	}
 	err = f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
 		resp, err := f.srv.AbortMultipartUpload(ctx, request)
@@ -596,7 +589,7 @@ func (f *Fs) cleanUpBucket(ctx context.Context, bucket string, maxAge time.Durat
 				if operations.SkipDestructive(ctx, what, "remove pending upload") {
 					continue
 				}
-				_ = f.abortMultiPartUpload(ctx, upload.Bucket, upload.Object, upload.UploadId)
+				_ = f.abortMultiPartUpload(ctx, *upload.Bucket, *upload.Object, *upload.UploadId)
 			}
 		} else {
 			fs.Infof(f, "MultipartUpload doesn't have sufficient details to abort.")
@@ -691,13 +684,12 @@ func (f *Fs) ListR(ctx context.Context, dir string, callback fs.ListRCallback) (

 // Check the interfaces are satisfied
 var (
-	_ fs.Fs              = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Copier          = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.PutStreamer     = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.ListRer         = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Commander       = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.CleanUpper      = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.OpenChunkWriter = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.Fs          = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.Copier      = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.PutStreamer = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.ListRer     = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.Commander   = &Fs{}
+	_ fs.CleanUpper  = &Fs{}

 	_ fs.Object    = &Object{}
 	_ fs.MimeTyper = &Object{}
--- a/backend/oracleobjectstorage/oracleobjectstorage_test.go
+++ b/backend/oracleobjectstorage/oracleobjectstorage_test.go
@@ -30,12 +30,4 @@ func (f *Fs) SetUploadCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (fs.SizeSuffix, error) {
 	return f.setUploadCutoff(cs)
 }

-func (f *Fs) SetCopyCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (fs.SizeSuffix, error) {
-	return f.setCopyCutoff(cs)
-}
-
-var (
-	_ fstests.SetUploadChunkSizer = (*Fs)(nil)
-	_ fstests.SetUploadCutoffer   = (*Fs)(nil)
-	_ fstests.SetCopyCutoffer     = (*Fs)(nil)
-)
+var _ fstests.SetUploadChunkSizer = (*Fs)(nil)
--- a/backend/pikpak/pikpak.go
+++ b/backend/pikpak/pikpak.go
@@ -1215,7 +1215,7 @@ func (f *Fs) upload(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, leaf, dirID, sha1Str stri
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to upload: %w", err)
 	}
 	// refresh uploaded file info
-	// Compared to `newfile.File` this upgrades several fields...
+	// Compared to `newfile.File` this upgrades several feilds...
 	// audit, links, modified_time, phase, revision, and web_content_link
 	return f.getFile(ctx, newfile.File.ID)
 }
--- a/backend/protondrive/protondrive.go
+++ b/backend/protondrive/protondrive.go
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-// Package protondrive implements the Proton Drive backend
 package protondrive

 import (
@@ -6,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"log"
 	"path"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
@@ -38,15 +38,15 @@ const (
 	maxSleep      = 2 * time.Second
 	decayConstant = 2 // bigger for slower decay, exponential

-	clientUIDKey           = "client_uid"
-	clientAccessTokenKey   = "client_access_token"
-	clientRefreshTokenKey  = "client_refresh_token"
-	clientSaltedKeyPassKey = "client_salted_key_pass"
+	clientUIDKey           = "clientUID"
+	clientAccessTokenKey   = "clientAccessToken"
+	clientRefreshTokenKey  = "clientRefreshToken"
+	clientSaltedKeyPassKey = "clientSaltedKeyPass"
 )

 var (
-	errCanNotUploadFileWithUnknownSize = errors.New("proton Drive can't upload files with unknown size")
-	errCanNotPurgeRootDirectory        = errors.New("can't purge root directory")
+	ErrCanNotUploadFileWithUnknownSize = errors.New("proton Drive can't upload files with unknown size")
+	ErrCanNotPurgeRootDirectory        = errors.New("can't purge root directory")

 	// for the auth/deauth handler
 	_mapper        configmap.Mapper
@@ -61,60 +61,19 @@ func init() {
 		NewFs:       NewFs,
 		Options: []fs.Option{{
 			Name:     "username",
-			Help:     `The username of your proton account`,
+			Help:     `The username of your proton drive account`,
 			Required: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:       "password",
-			Help:       "The password of your proton account.",
+			Help:       "The password of your proton drive account.",
 			Required:   true,
 			IsPassword: true,
-		}, {
-			Name: "mailbox_password",
-			Help: `The mailbox password of your two-password proton account.
-
-For more information regarding the mailbox password, please check the 
-following official knowledge base article: 
-https://proton.me/support/the-difference-between-the-mailbox-password-and-login-password
-`,
-			IsPassword: true,
-			Advanced:   true,
 		}, {
 			Name: "2fa",
 			Help: `The 2FA code
-
-The value can also be provided with --protondrive-2fa=000000
-
 The 2FA code of your proton drive account if the account is set up with 
 two-factor authentication`,
 			Required: false,
-		}, {
-			Name:      clientUIDKey,
-			Help:      "Client uid key (internal use only)",
-			Required:  false,
-			Advanced:  true,
-			Sensitive: true,
-			Hide:      fs.OptionHideBoth,
-		}, {
-			Name:      clientAccessTokenKey,
-			Help:      "Client access token key (internal use only)",
-			Required:  false,
-			Advanced:  true,
-			Sensitive: true,
-			Hide:      fs.OptionHideBoth,
-		}, {
-			Name:      clientRefreshTokenKey,
-			Help:      "Client refresh token key (internal use only)",
-			Required:  false,
-			Advanced:  true,
-			Sensitive: true,
-			Hide:      fs.OptionHideBoth,
-		}, {
-			Name:      clientSaltedKeyPassKey,
-			Help:      "Client salted key pass key (internal use only)",
-			Required:  false,
-			Advanced:  true,
-			Sensitive: true,
-			Hide:      fs.OptionHideBoth,
 		}, {
 			Name:     config.ConfigEncoding,
 			Help:     config.ConfigEncodingHelp,
@@ -151,8 +110,6 @@ When a file upload is cancelled or failed before completion, a draft will be
 created and the subsequent upload of the same file to the same location will be 
 reported as a conflict.

-The value can also be set by --protondrive-replace-existing-draft=true
-
 If the option is set to true, the draft will be replaced and then the upload 
 operation will restart. If there are other clients also uploading at the same 
 file location at the same time, the behavior is currently unknown. Need to set 
@@ -166,10 +123,6 @@ will be returned, and no upload will happen.`,
 			Name: "enable_caching",
 			Help: `Caches the files and folders metadata to reduce API calls

-Notice: If you are mounting ProtonDrive as a VFS, please disable this feature, 
-as the current implementation doesn't update or clear the cache when there are 
-external changes. 
-
 The files and folders on ProtonDrive are represented as links with keyrings, 
 which can be cached to improve performance and be friendly to the API server.

@@ -187,10 +140,9 @@ then we might have a problem with caching the stale data.`,

 // Options defines the configuration for this backend
 type Options struct {
-	Username        string `config:"username"`
-	Password        string `config:"password"`
-	MailboxPassword string `config:"mailbox_password"`
-	TwoFA           string `config:"2fa"`
+	Username string `config:"username"`
+	Password string `config:"password"`
+	TwoFA    string `config:"2fa"`

 	// advanced
 	Enc                  encoder.MultiEncoder `config:"encoding"`
@@ -302,12 +254,12 @@ func clearConfigMap(m configmap.Mapper) {
 }

 func authHandler(auth proton.Auth) {
-	// fs.Debugf("authHandler called")
+	// log.Println("authHandler called")
 	setConfigMap(_mapper, auth.UID, auth.AccessToken, auth.RefreshToken, _saltedKeyPass)
 }

 func deAuthHandler() {
-	// fs.Debugf("deAuthHandler called")
+	// log.Println("deAuthHandler called")
 	clearConfigMap(_mapper)
 }

@@ -352,7 +304,6 @@ func newProtonDrive(ctx context.Context, f *Fs, opt *Options, m configmap.Mapper
 	config.UseReusableLogin = false
 	config.FirstLoginCredential.Username = opt.Username
 	config.FirstLoginCredential.Password = opt.Password
-	config.FirstLoginCredential.MailboxPassword = opt.MailboxPassword
 	config.FirstLoginCredential.TwoFA = opt.TwoFA
 	protonDrive, auth, err := protonDriveAPI.NewProtonDrive(ctx, config, authHandler, deAuthHandler)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -384,14 +335,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		}
 	}

-	if opt.MailboxPassword != "" {
-		var err error
-		opt.MailboxPassword, err = obscure.Reveal(opt.MailboxPassword)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't decrypt mailbox password: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
 	ci := fs.GetConfig(ctx)

 	root = strings.Trim(root, "/")
@@ -622,10 +565,12 @@ func (f *Fs) List(ctx context.Context, dir string) (fs.DirEntries, error) {
 	return entries, nil
 }

-// FindLeaf finds a directory of name leaf in the folder with ID pathID
+// DirCacher describes an interface for doing the low level directory work
 //
 // This should be implemented by the backend and will be called by the
 // dircache package when appropriate.
+//
+// FindLeaf finds a directory of name leaf in the folder with ID pathID
 func (f *Fs) FindLeaf(ctx context.Context, pathID, leaf string) (string, bool, error) {
 	/* f.opt.Enc.FromStandardName(leaf) not required since the DirCache only process sanitized path */

@@ -644,10 +589,12 @@ func (f *Fs) FindLeaf(ctx context.Context, pathID, leaf string) (string, bool, e
 	return link.LinkID, true, nil
 }

-// CreateDir makes a directory with pathID as parent and name leaf
+// DirCacher describes an interface for doing the low level directory work
 //
 // This should be implemented by the backend and will be called by the
 // dircache package when appropriate.
+//
+// CreateDir makes a directory with pathID as parent and name leaf
 func (f *Fs) CreateDir(ctx context.Context, pathID, leaf string) (string, error) {
 	/* f.opt.Enc.FromStandardName(leaf) not required since the DirCache only process sanitized path */

@@ -675,7 +622,7 @@ func (f *Fs) CreateDir(ctx context.Context, pathID, leaf string) (string, error)
 func (f *Fs) Put(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) (fs.Object, error) {
 	size := src.Size()
 	if size < 0 {
-		return nil, errCanNotUploadFileWithUnknownSize
+		return nil, ErrCanNotUploadFileWithUnknownSize
 	}

 	existingObj, err := f.NewObject(ctx, src.Remote())
@@ -774,7 +721,7 @@ func (f *Fs) DirCacheFlush() {
 	f.protonDrive.ClearCache()
 }

-// Hashes returns the supported hash types of the filesystem
+// Returns the supported hash types of the filesystem
 func (f *Fs) Hashes() hash.Set {
 	return hash.Set(hash.SHA1)
 }
@@ -833,7 +780,9 @@ func (o *Object) Hash(ctx context.Context, t hash.Type) (string, error) {
 		return *o.digests, nil
 	}

-	// sha1 not cached: we fetch and try to obtain the sha1 of the link
+	// sha1 not cached
+	log.Println("sha1 not cached")
+	// we fetch and try to obtain the sha1 of the link
 	fileSystemAttrs, err := o.fs.protonDrive.GetActiveRevisionAttrsByID(ctx, o.ID())
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
@@ -855,7 +804,7 @@ func (o *Object) Size() int64 {
 			return *o.originalSize
 		}

-		fs.Debugf(o, "Original file size missing")
+		fs.Errorf(o, "Original size should exist")
 	}
 	return o.size
 }
@@ -934,7 +883,7 @@ func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (io.ReadClo
 func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, options ...fs.OpenOption) error {
 	size := src.Size()
 	if size < 0 {
-		return errCanNotUploadFileWithUnknownSize
+		return ErrCanNotUploadFileWithUnknownSize
 	}

 	remote := o.Remote()
@@ -992,7 +941,7 @@ func (f *Fs) Purge(ctx context.Context, dir string) error {
 	root := path.Join(f.root, dir)
 	if root == "" {
 		// we can't remove the root directory, but we can list the directory and delete every folder and file in here
-		return errCanNotPurgeRootDirectory
+		return ErrCanNotPurgeRootDirectory
 	}

 	folderLinkID, err := f.dirCache.FindDir(ctx, f.sanitizePath(dir), false)
--- a/backend/quatrix/api/types.go
+++ b/backend/quatrix/api/types.go
@@ -1,182 +0,0 @@
-// Package api provides types used by the Quatrix API.
-package api
-
-import (
-	"strconv"
-	"time"
-)
-
-// OverwriteMode is a conflict resolve mode during copy or move. Files with conflicting names will be overwritten
-const OverwriteMode = "overwrite"
-
-// ProfileInfo is a profile info about quota
-type ProfileInfo struct {
-	UserUsed  int64 `json:"user_used"`
-	UserLimit int64 `json:"user_limit"`
-	AccUsed   int64 `json:"acc_used"`
-	AccLimit  int64 `json:"acc_limit"`
-}
-
-// IDList is a general object that contains list of ids
-type IDList struct {
-	IDs []string `json:"ids"`
-}
-
-// DeleteParams is the request to delete object
-type DeleteParams struct {
-	IDs               []string `json:"ids"`
-	DeletePermanently bool     `json:"delete_permanently"`
-}
-
-// FileInfoParams is the request to get object's (file or directory) info
-type FileInfoParams struct {
-	ParentID string `json:"parent_id,omitempty"`
-	Path     string `json:"path"`
-}
-
-// FileInfo is the response to get object's (file or directory) info
-type FileInfo struct {
-	FileID   string `json:"file_id"`
-	ParentID string `json:"parent_id"`
-	Src      string `json:"src"`
-	Type     string `json:"type"`
-}
-
-// IsFile returns true if object is a file
-// false otherwise
-func (fi *FileInfo) IsFile() bool {
-	if fi == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return fi.Type == "F"
-}
-
-// IsDir returns true if object is a directory
-// false otherwise
-func (fi *FileInfo) IsDir() bool {
-	if fi == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return fi.Type == "D" || fi.Type == "S" || fi.Type == "T"
-}
-
-// CreateDirParams is the request to create a directory
-type CreateDirParams struct {
-	Target  string `json:"target,omitempty"`
-	Name    string `json:"name"`
-	Resolve bool   `json:"resolve"`
-}
-
-// File represent metadata about object in Quatrix (file or directory)
-type File struct {
-	ID         string   `json:"id"`
-	Created    JSONTime `json:"created"`
-	Modified   JSONTime `json:"modified"`
-	Name       string   `json:"name"`
-	ParentID   string   `json:"parent_id"`
-	Size       int64    `json:"size"`
-	ModifiedMS JSONTime `json:"modified_ms"`
-	Type       string   `json:"type"`
-	Operations int      `json:"operations"`
-	SubType    string   `json:"sub_type"`
-	Content    []File   `json:"content"`
-}
-
-// IsFile returns true if object is a file
-// false otherwise
-func (f *File) IsFile() bool {
-	if f == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return f.Type == "F"
-}
-
-// IsDir returns true if object is a directory
-// false otherwise
-func (f *File) IsDir() bool {
-	if f == nil {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	return f.Type == "D" || f.Type == "S" || f.Type == "T"
-}
-
-// SetMTimeParams is the request to set modification time for object
-type SetMTimeParams struct {
-	ID    string   `json:"id,omitempty"`
-	MTime JSONTime `json:"mtime"`
-}
-
-// JSONTime provides methods to marshal/unmarshal time.Time as Unix time
-type JSONTime time.Time
-
-// MarshalJSON returns time representation in Unix time
-func (u JSONTime) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
-	return []byte(strconv.FormatFloat(float64(time.Time(u).UTC().UnixNano())/1e9, 'f', 6, 64)), nil
-}
-
-// UnmarshalJSON sets time from Unix time representation
-func (u *JSONTime) UnmarshalJSON(data []byte) error {
-	f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(string(data), 64)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	t := JSONTime(time.Unix(0, int64(f*1e9)))
-	*u = t
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-// String returns Unix time representation of time as string
-func (u JSONTime) String() string {
-	return strconv.FormatInt(time.Time(u).UTC().Unix(), 10)
-}
-
-// DownloadLinkResponse is the response to download-link request
-type DownloadLinkResponse struct {
-	ID string `json:"id"`
-}
-
-// UploadLinkParams is the request to get upload-link
-type UploadLinkParams struct {
-	Name     string `json:"name"`
-	ParentID string `json:"parent_id"`
-	Resolve  bool   `json:"resolve"`
-}
-
-// UploadLinkResponse is the response to upload-link request
-type UploadLinkResponse struct {
-	Name      string `json:"name"`
-	FileID    string `json:"file_id"`
-	ParentID  string `json:"parent_id"`
-	UploadKey string `json:"upload_key"`
-}
-
-// UploadFinalizeResponse is the response to finalize file method
-type UploadFinalizeResponse struct {
-	FileID   string `json:"id"`
-	ParentID string `json:"parent_id"`
-	Modified int64  `json:"modified"`
-	FileSize int64  `json:"size"`
-}
-
-// FileModifyParams is the request to get modify file link
-type FileModifyParams struct {
-	ID       string `json:"id"`
-	Truncate int64  `json:"truncate"`
-}
-
-// FileCopyMoveOneParams is the request to do server-side copy and move
-// can be used for file or directory
-type FileCopyMoveOneParams struct {
-	ID          string   `json:"file_id"`
-	Target      string   `json:"target_id"`
-	Name        string   `json:"name"`
-	MTime       JSONTime `json:"mtime"`
-	Resolve     bool     `json:"resolve"`
-	ResolveMode string   `json:"resolve_mode"`
-}
--- a/backend/quatrix/quatrix.go
+++ b/backend/quatrix/quatrix.go
--- a/backend/quatrix/quatrix_test.go
+++ b/backend/quatrix/quatrix_test.go
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-// Test Quatrix filesystem interface
-package quatrix_test
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/backend/quatrix"
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fstest/fstests"
-)
-
-// TestIntegration runs integration tests against the remote
-func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
-	fstests.Run(t, &fstests.Opt{
-		RemoteName: "TestQuatrix:",
-		NilObject:  (*quatrix.Object)(nil),
-	})
-}
--- a/backend/quatrix/upload_memory.go
+++ b/backend/quatrix/upload_memory.go
@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-package quatrix
-
-import (
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
-)
-
-// UploadMemoryManager dynamically calculates every chunk size for the transfer and increases or decreases it
-// depending on the upload speed. This makes general upload time smaller, because transfers that are faster
-// does not have to wait for the slower ones until they finish upload.
-type UploadMemoryManager struct {
-	m              sync.Mutex
-	useDynamicSize bool
-	shared         int64
-	reserved       int64
-	effectiveTime  time.Duration
-	fileUsage      map[string]int64
-}
-
-// NewUploadMemoryManager is a constructor for UploadMemoryManager
-func NewUploadMemoryManager(ci *fs.ConfigInfo, opt *Options) *UploadMemoryManager {
-	useDynamicSize := true
-
-	sharedMemory := int64(opt.MaximalSummaryChunkSize) - int64(opt.MinimalChunkSize)*int64(ci.Transfers)
-	if sharedMemory <= 0 {
-		sharedMemory = 0
-		useDynamicSize = false
-	}
-
-	return &UploadMemoryManager{
-		useDynamicSize: useDynamicSize,
-		shared:         sharedMemory,
-		reserved:       int64(opt.MinimalChunkSize),
-		effectiveTime:  time.Duration(opt.EffectiveUploadTime),
-		fileUsage:      map[string]int64{},
-	}
-}
-
-// Consume -- decide amount of memory to consume
-func (u *UploadMemoryManager) Consume(fileID string, neededMemory int64, speed float64) int64 {
-	if !u.useDynamicSize {
-		if neededMemory < u.reserved {
-			return neededMemory
-		}
-
-		return u.reserved
-	}
-
-	u.m.Lock()
-	defer u.m.Unlock()
-
-	borrowed, found := u.fileUsage[fileID]
-	if found {
-		u.shared += borrowed
-		borrowed = 0
-	}
-
-	defer func() { u.fileUsage[fileID] = borrowed }()
-
-	effectiveChunkSize := int64(speed * u.effectiveTime.Seconds())
-
-	if effectiveChunkSize < u.reserved {
-		effectiveChunkSize = u.reserved
-	}
-
-	if neededMemory < effectiveChunkSize {
-		effectiveChunkSize = neededMemory
-	}
-
-	if effectiveChunkSize <= u.reserved {
-		return effectiveChunkSize
-	}
-
-	toBorrow := effectiveChunkSize - u.reserved
-
-	if toBorrow <= u.shared {
-		u.shared -= toBorrow
-		borrowed = toBorrow
-
-		return effectiveChunkSize
-	}
-
-	borrowed = u.shared
-	u.shared = 0
-
-	return borrowed + u.reserved
-}
-
-// Return returns consumed memory for the previous chunk upload to the memory pool
-func (u *UploadMemoryManager) Return(fileID string) {
-	if !u.useDynamicSize {
-		return
-	}
-
-	u.m.Lock()
-	defer u.m.Unlock()
-
-	borrowed, found := u.fileUsage[fileID]
-	if !found {
-		return
-	}
-
-	u.shared += borrowed
-
-	delete(u.fileUsage, fileID)
-}
--- a/backend/s3/s3.go
+++ b/backend/s3/s3.go
--- a/backend/s3/s3_internal_test.go
+++ b/backend/s3/s3_internal_test.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws"
-	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/aws/awserr"
 	"github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go/service/s3"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/cache"
@@ -394,41 +393,6 @@ func (f *Fs) InternalTestVersions(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})

-	t.Run("Mkdir", func(t *testing.T) {
-		// Test what happens when we create a bucket we already own and see whether the
-		// quirk is set correctly
-		req := s3.CreateBucketInput{
-			Bucket: &f.rootBucket,
-			ACL:    stringPointerOrNil(f.opt.BucketACL),
-		}
-		if f.opt.LocationConstraint != "" {
-			req.CreateBucketConfiguration = &s3.CreateBucketConfiguration{
-				LocationConstraint: &f.opt.LocationConstraint,
-			}
-		}
-		err := f.pacer.Call(func() (bool, error) {
-			_, err := f.c.CreateBucketWithContext(ctx, &req)
-			return f.shouldRetry(ctx, err)
-		})
-		var errString string
-		if err == nil {
-			errString = "No Error"
-		} else if awsErr, ok := err.(awserr.Error); ok {
-			errString = awsErr.Code()
-		} else {
-			assert.Fail(t, "Unknown error %T %v", err, err)
-		}
-		t.Logf("Creating a bucket we already have created returned code: %s", errString)
-		switch errString {
-		case "BucketAlreadyExists":
-			assert.False(t, f.opt.UseAlreadyExists.Value, "Need to clear UseAlreadyExists quirk")
-		case "No Error", "BucketAlreadyOwnedByYou":
-			assert.True(t, f.opt.UseAlreadyExists.Value, "Need to set UseAlreadyExists quirk")
-		default:
-			assert.Fail(t, "Unknown error string %q", errString)
-		}
-	})
-
 	t.Run("Cleanup", func(t *testing.T) {
 		require.NoError(t, f.CleanUpHidden(ctx))
 		items := append([]fstest.Item{newItem}, fstests.InternalTestFiles...)
--- a/backend/s3/s3_test.go
+++ b/backend/s3/s3_test.go
@@ -47,12 +47,4 @@ func (f *Fs) SetUploadCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (fs.SizeSuffix, error) {
 	return f.setUploadCutoff(cs)
 }

-func (f *Fs) SetCopyCutoff(cs fs.SizeSuffix) (fs.SizeSuffix, error) {
-	return f.setCopyCutoff(cs)
-}
-
-var (
-	_ fstests.SetUploadChunkSizer = (*Fs)(nil)
-	_ fstests.SetUploadCutoffer   = (*Fs)(nil)
-	_ fstests.SetCopyCutoffer     = (*Fs)(nil)
-)
+var _ fstests.SetUploadChunkSizer = (*Fs)(nil)
--- a/backend/seafile/renew_test.go
+++ b/backend/seafile/renew_test.go
@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ func TestShouldAllowShutdownTwice(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestRenewalInTimeLimit(t *testing.T) {
-	var count atomic.Int64
+	var count int64

 	renew := NewRenew(100*time.Millisecond, func() error {
-		count.Add(1)
+		atomic.AddInt64(&count, 1)
 		return nil
 	})
 	time.Sleep(time.Second)
 	renew.Shutdown()

 	// there's no guarantee the CI agent can handle a simple goroutine
-	renewCount := count.Load()
+	renewCount := atomic.LoadInt64(&count)
 	t.Logf("renew count = %d", renewCount)
 	assert.Greater(t, renewCount, int64(0))
 	assert.Less(t, renewCount, int64(11))
--- a/backend/sftp/sftp.go
+++ b/backend/sftp/sftp.go
@@ -232,16 +232,7 @@ E.g. the second example above should be rewritten as:
 			Default: "",
 			Help: `Specifies the path or command to run a sftp server on the remote host.

-The subsystem option is ignored when server_command is defined.
-
-If adding server_command to the configuration file please note that 
-it should not be enclosed in quotes, since that will make rclone fail.
-
-A working example is:
-
-    [remote_name]
-    type = sftp
-    server_command = sudo /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server`,
+The subsystem option is ignored when server_command is defined.`,
 			Advanced: true,
 		}, {
 			Name:    "use_fstat",
@@ -449,26 +440,6 @@ Example:
 	myUser:myPass@localhost:9005
 	`,
 			Advanced: true,
-		}, {
-			Name:    "copy_is_hardlink",
-			Default: false,
-			Help: `Set to enable server side copies using hardlinks.
-
-The SFTP protocol does not define a copy command so normally server
-side copies are not allowed with the sftp backend.
-
-However the SFTP protocol does support hardlinking, and if you enable
-this flag then the sftp backend will support server side copies. These
-will be implemented by doing a hardlink from the source to the
-destination.
-
-Not all sftp servers support this.
-
-Note that hardlinking two files together will use no additional space
-as the source and the destination will be the same file.
-
-This feature may be useful backups made with --copy-dest.`,
-			Advanced: true,
 		}},
 	}
 	fs.Register(fsi)
@@ -510,7 +481,6 @@ type Options struct {
 	HostKeyAlgorithms       fs.SpaceSepList `config:"host_key_algorithms"`
 	SSH                     fs.SpaceSepList `config:"ssh"`
 	SocksProxy              string          `config:"socks_proxy"`
-	CopyIsHardlink          bool            `config:"copy_is_hardlink"`
 }

 // Fs stores the interface to the remote SFTP files
@@ -533,7 +503,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	drain        *time.Timer // used to drain the pool when we stop using the connections
 	pacer        *fs.Pacer   // pacer for operations
 	savedpswd    string
-	sessions     atomic.Int32 // count in use sessions
+	sessions     int32 // count in use sessions
 }

 // Object is a remote SFTP file that has been stat'd (so it exists, but is not necessarily open for reading)
@@ -601,17 +571,17 @@ func (c *conn) closed() error {
 //
 // Call removeSession() when done
 func (f *Fs) addSession() {
-	f.sessions.Add(1)
+	atomic.AddInt32(&f.sessions, 1)
 }

 // Show the ssh session is no longer in use
 func (f *Fs) removeSession() {
-	f.sessions.Add(-1)
+	atomic.AddInt32(&f.sessions, -1)
 }

 // getSessions shows whether there are any sessions in use
 func (f *Fs) getSessions() int32 {
-	return f.sessions.Load()
+	return atomic.LoadInt32(&f.sessions)
 }

 // Open a new connection to the SFTP server.
@@ -810,7 +780,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if len(opt.SSH) != 0 && ((opt.User != currentUser && opt.User != "") || opt.Host != "" || (opt.Port != "22" && opt.Port != "")) {
+	if len(opt.SSH) != 0 && (opt.User != "" || opt.Host != "" || opt.Port != "") {
 		fs.Logf(name, "--sftp-ssh is in use - ignoring user/host/port from config - set in the parameters to --sftp-ssh (remove them from the config to silence this warning)")
 	}

@@ -866,7 +836,7 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 	pubkeyFile := env.ShellExpand(opt.PubKeyFile)
 	//keyPem := env.ShellExpand(opt.KeyPem)
 	// Add ssh agent-auth if no password or file or key PEM specified
-	if (len(opt.SSH) == 0 && opt.Pass == "" && keyFile == "" && !opt.AskPassword && opt.KeyPem == "") || opt.KeyUseAgent {
+	if (opt.Pass == "" && keyFile == "" && !opt.AskPassword && opt.KeyPem == "") || opt.KeyUseAgent {
 		sshAgentClient, _, err := sshagent.New()
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("couldn't connect to ssh-agent: %w", err)
@@ -1035,7 +1005,7 @@ func (f *Fs) keyboardInteractiveReponse(user, instruction string, questions []st
 // save it so on reconnection we give back the previous string.
 // This removes the ability to let the user correct a mistaken entry,
 // but means that reconnects are transparent.
-// We'll reuse config.Pass for this, 'cos we know it's not been
+// We'll re-use config.Pass for this, 'cos we know it's not been
 // specified.
 func (f *Fs) getPass() (string, error) {
 	for f.savedpswd == "" {
@@ -1070,10 +1040,6 @@ func NewFsWithConnection(ctx context.Context, f *Fs, name string, root string, m
 		SlowHash:                true,
 		PartialUploads:          true,
 	}).Fill(ctx, f)
-	if !opt.CopyIsHardlink {
-		// Disable server side copy unless --sftp-copy-is-hardlink is set
-		f.features.Copy = nil
-	}
 	// Make a connection and pool it to return errors early
 	c, err := f.getSftpConnection(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -1426,43 +1392,6 @@ func (f *Fs) Move(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object,
 	return dstObj, nil
 }

-// Copy server side copies a remote sftp file object using hardlinks
-func (f *Fs) Copy(ctx context.Context, src fs.Object, remote string) (fs.Object, error) {
-	if !f.opt.CopyIsHardlink {
-		return nil, fs.ErrorCantCopy
-	}
-	srcObj, ok := src.(*Object)
-	if !ok {
-		fs.Debugf(src, "Can't copy - not same remote type")
-		return nil, fs.ErrorCantCopy
-	}
-	err := f.mkParentDir(ctx, remote)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Copy mkParentDir failed: %w", err)
-	}
-	c, err := f.getSftpConnection(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Copy: %w", err)
-	}
-	srcPath, dstPath := srcObj.path(), path.Join(f.absRoot, remote)
-	err = c.sftpClient.Link(srcPath, dstPath)
-	f.putSftpConnection(&c, err)
-	if err != nil {
-		if sftpErr, ok := err.(*sftp.StatusError); ok {
-			if sftpErr.FxCode() == sftp.ErrSSHFxOpUnsupported {
-				// Remote doesn't support Link
-				return nil, fs.ErrorCantCopy
-			}
-		}
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Copy failed: %w", err)
-	}
-	dstObj, err := f.NewObject(ctx, remote)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Copy NewObject failed: %w", err)
-	}
-	return dstObj, nil
-}
-
 // DirMove moves src, srcRemote to this remote at dstRemote
 // using server-side move operations.
 //
@@ -1664,7 +1593,7 @@ func (f *Fs) About(ctx context.Context) (*fs.Usage, error) {
 		fs.Debugf(f, "About path %q", aboutPath)
 		vfsStats, err = c.sftpClient.StatVFS(aboutPath)
 	}
-	f.putSftpConnection(&c, err) // Return to pool asap, if running shell command below it will be reused
+	f.putSftpConnection(&c, err) // Return to pool asap, if running shell command below it will be re-used
 	if vfsStats != nil {
 		total := vfsStats.TotalSpace()
 		free := vfsStats.FreeSpace()
@@ -2106,7 +2035,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("Update: %w", err)
 	}
-	// Hang on to the connection for the whole upload so it doesn't get reused while we are uploading
+	// Hang on to the connection for the whole upload so it doesn't get re-used while we are uploading
 	file, err := c.sftpClient.OpenFile(o.path(), os.O_WRONLY|os.O_CREATE|os.O_TRUNC)
 	if err != nil {
 		o.fs.putSftpConnection(&c, err)
@@ -2182,7 +2111,6 @@ var (
 	_ fs.Fs          = &Fs{}
 	_ fs.PutStreamer = &Fs{}
 	_ fs.Mover       = &Fs{}
-	_ fs.Copier      = &Fs{}
 	_ fs.DirMover    = &Fs{}
 	_ fs.Abouter     = &Fs{}
 	_ fs.Shutdowner  = &Fs{}
--- a/backend/sftp/ssh_external.go
+++ b/backend/sftp/ssh_external.go
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ func (s *sshClientExternal) Close() error {

 // NewSession makes a new external SSH connection
 func (s *sshClientExternal) NewSession() (sshSession, error) {
-	session := s.f.newSSHSessionExternal()
+	session := s.f.newSshSessionExternal()
 	if s.session == nil {
 		fs.Debugf(s.f, "ssh external: creating additional session")
 	}
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ type sshSessionExternal struct {
 	runningSFTP bool
 }

-func (f *Fs) newSSHSessionExternal() *sshSessionExternal {
+func (f *Fs) newSshSessionExternal() *sshSessionExternal {
 	s := &sshSessionExternal{
 		f: f,
 	}
--- a/backend/smb/connpool.go
+++ b/backend/smb/connpool.go
@@ -4,9 +4,10 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

-	smb2 "github.com/cloudsoda/go-smb2"
+	smb2 "github.com/hirochachacha/go-smb2"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/accounting"
 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs/config/obscure"
@@ -40,7 +41,7 @@ func (f *Fs) dial(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (*conn, error) {
 		},
 	}

-	session, err := d.DialConn(ctx, tconn, addr)
+	session, err := d.DialContext(ctx, tconn)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -88,17 +89,17 @@ func (c *conn) closed() bool {
 //
 // Call removeSession() when done
 func (f *Fs) addSession() {
-	f.sessions.Add(1)
+	atomic.AddInt32(&f.sessions, 1)
 }

 // Show the SMB session is no longer in use
 func (f *Fs) removeSession() {
-	f.sessions.Add(-1)
+	atomic.AddInt32(&f.sessions, -1)
 }

 // getSessions shows whether there are any sessions in use
 func (f *Fs) getSessions() int32 {
-	return f.sessions.Load()
+	return atomic.LoadInt32(&f.sessions)
 }

 // Open a new connection to the SMB server.
--- a/backend/smb/smb.go
+++ b/backend/smb/smb.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"path"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/rclone/rclone/fs"
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ type Fs struct {
 	features *fs.Features // optional features
 	pacer    *fs.Pacer    // pacer for operations

-	sessions atomic.Int32
+	sessions int32
 	poolMu   sync.Mutex
 	pool     []*conn
 	drain    *time.Timer // used to drain the pool when we stop using the connections
@@ -177,7 +176,6 @@ func NewFs(ctx context.Context, name, root string, m configmap.Mapper) (fs.Fs, e
 		CaseInsensitive:         opt.CaseInsensitive,
 		CanHaveEmptyDirectories: true,
 		BucketBased:             true,
-		PartialUploads:          true,
 	}).Fill(ctx, f)

 	f.pacer = fs.NewPacer(ctx, pacer.NewDefault(pacer.MinSleep(minSleep), pacer.MaxSleep(maxSleep), pacer.DecayConstant(decayConstant)))
--- a/backend/swift/swift.go
+++ b/backend/swift/swift.go
@@ -561,7 +561,7 @@ func (f *Fs) newObjectWithInfo(ctx context.Context, remote string, info *swift.O
 	// returned as 0 bytes in the listing.  Correct this here by
 	// making sure we read the full metadata for all 0 byte files.
 	// We don't read the metadata for directory marker objects.
-	if info != nil && info.Bytes == 0 && info.ContentType != "application/directory" && !o.fs.opt.NoLargeObjects {
+	if info != nil && info.Bytes == 0 && info.ContentType != "application/directory" {
 		err := o.readMetaData(ctx) // reads info and headers, returning an error
 		if err == fs.ErrorObjectNotFound {
 			// We have a dangling large object here so just return the original metadata
--- a/backend/union/entry.go
+++ b/backend/union/entry.go
@@ -17,9 +17,8 @@ import (
 // This is a wrapped object which returns the Union Fs as its parent
 type Object struct {
 	*upstream.Object
-	fs          *Fs // what this object is part of
-	co          []upstream.Entry
-	writebackMu sync.Mutex
+	fs *Fs // what this object is part of
+	co []upstream.Entry
 }

 // Directory describes a union Directory
@@ -35,13 +34,6 @@ type entry interface {
 	candidates() []upstream.Entry
 }

-// Update o with the contents of newO excluding the lock
-func (o *Object) update(newO *Object) {
-	o.Object = newO.Object
-	o.fs = newO.fs
-	o.co = newO.co
-}
-
 // UnWrapUpstream returns the upstream Object that this Object is wrapping
 func (o *Object) UnWrapUpstream() *upstream.Object {
 	return o.Object
@@ -75,7 +67,7 @@ func (o *Object) Update(ctx context.Context, in io.Reader, src fs.ObjectInfo, op
 			return err
 		}
 		// Update current object
-		o.update(newO.(*Object))
+		*o = *newO.(*Object)
 		return nil
 	} else if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -183,25 +175,6 @@ func (o *Object) SetTier(tier string) error {
 	return do.SetTier(tier)
 }

-// Open opens the file for read.  Call Close() on the returned io.ReadCloser
-func (o *Object) Open(ctx context.Context, options ...fs.OpenOption) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
-	// Need some sort of locking to prevent multiple downloads
-	o.writebackMu.Lock()
-	defer o.writebackMu.Unlock()
-
-	// FIXME what if correct object is already in o.co
-
-	newObj, err := o.Object.Writeback(ctx)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if newObj != nil {
-		o.Object = newObj
-		o.co = append(o.co, newObj) // FIXME should this append or overwrite or update?
-	}
-	return o.Object.Object.Open(ctx, options...)
-}
-
 // ModTime returns the modification date of the directory
 // It returns the latest ModTime of all candidates
 func (d *Directory) ModTime(ctx context.Context) (t time.Time) {
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More